WO2001009998A1 - Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001009998A1 WO2001009998A1 PCT/DE2000/002409 DE0002409W WO0109998A1 WO 2001009998 A1 WO2001009998 A1 WO 2001009998A1 DE 0002409 W DE0002409 W DE 0002409W WO 0109998 A1 WO0109998 A1 WO 0109998A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contact pin
- spark plug
- plug according
- combustion chamber
- noble metal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to the type of the independent claims.
- DE-OS 196 23 989 a spark plug is described in which a in the insulator at the combustion chamber end in a cylindrical, central bore
- Center electrode is inserted. Behind in the direction of the end of the insulator distant from the combustion chamber, a metallic contact pin is arranged in the bore, which is provided with a layer of nickel or a nickel-silver alloy. This contact pin is in electrical contact with the center electrode.
- the spark plug with the features of the main claim has the advantage that the corrosion resistance of the contact pin is improved effectively and with simple means. The operational safety of the spark plug is thus improved. Furthermore, a local and
- a tapered tip of the contact pin on the combustion chamber side is advantageous since a higher pressurization of the end of the contact pin on the combustion chamber side can be achieved during manufacture.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a spark plug according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a contact pin according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a contact pin according to the invention and a noble metal.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a further exemplary embodiment of a contact pin according to the invention
- FIG. 9 shows a tip of a contact pin according to the invention in a schematic longitudinal section
- FIG. 10 shows a diagram in which the increase in diameter of an uncoated, a nickel-plated and an aluminum-coated contact pin according to the invention is plotted over time when stored at 900 ° C. in air.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a spark plug 1 according to the invention.
- a ceramic insulator 10 is arranged in a metallic, tubular housing 5, the end of which on the combustion chamber side forms the so-called insulator base 12 with a reduced outside diameter.
- the Rotational symmetry axes of candle housing 5 and insulator 10 are congruent.
- the axis of a connecting pin 15 embedded in the cylindrical opening at the end of the insulator 10 remote from the combustion chamber is also congruent. Also in the cylindrical one
- one or more panate packs 17, a contact pin 20 and a noble metal electrode 25 are arranged behind the connecting bolt 15 in the direction of the combustion chamber in this order.
- the noble metal electrode 25 is generally referred to as the center electrode.
- Rotational symmetry axes of the center electrode 25 and contact pin 20 are congruent with the axis of the insulator base 12.
- the ground electrode 30 is attached to the candle housing and is bent in the direction of the center electrode.
- the free space between the center electrode and the ground electrode is referred to as spark gap 35.
- the noble metal center electrode 25 is located via the contact pin 20 and one or more Panat packages 17 in electrical contact with the connecting bolt 15, a Panat package 17 being a glass material package with thin metal layers, which contains a certain electrical resistance and at the same time fixes the Connection pin 15 and the contact pin 20 ensured in the insulator opening.
- the insulator 10 consists of a ceramic material which has an electrically insulating effect and shields the interior from environmental and engine compartment influences.
- the contact pin 20 consists of a metal, preferably an iron-based alloy, for example an iron-nickel-cobalt (Fe-Ni-Co) alloy.
- Fe-Ni-Co iron-nickel-cobalt
- the contact pin 20 has the task of ensuring a spatial separation between the central electrode 25 and Panatpers (s) 17, because the Panatvert or Panatvert 17 due to their low temperature resistance (only up to about 600 ° C) not the high temperatures at the top Isolators may be exposed.
- the spark plug is used to provide electrical energy for igniting the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber, not shown, of the internal combustion engine.
- a high voltage is conducted via the connecting pin 15, the Panat 17, the contact pin 20 to the center electrode 25, which then causes a sparkover between the center electrode 25 and the ground electrode 30.
- the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber is ignited by the energy contained in the spark, which creates highly reactive gases through various reactions.
- a problem for the operation of the spark plugs is the corrosion of the contact pin 20, which is caused by the highly reactive gases entering along a small gap between the insulator and the center electrode.
- the gap between the center electrode and the insulator arises because the insulator material and the electrode material have different coefficients of thermal expansion and are exposed to strong temperature fluctuations.
- a layer of one or more metal aluminides is applied to the surface of the contact pin 20 in order to reduce corrosion.
- the metal-aluminide layer preferably has a thickness of up to 100 ⁇ m, but a greater thickness of the metal Be an aluminide layer.
- a contact pin according to the invention is shown separately in a longitudinal section.
- the contact pin 20 has a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the end of the contact pin 20 remote from the combustion chamber being larger and being conically offset from the region with the smaller diameter.
- the combustion chamber end of the contact pin 20 has a conically tapering tip which is flattened in a circle, whereby the top surface 37 on the combustion chamber side is formed.
- metal aluminides are intermetallic compounds that consist of a metal and aluminum.
- the metal aluminide layer 40 is formed at least on the top surface 37 of the contact pin 20 on the combustion chamber side and measured over a length of 1 mm from the top surface of the contact pin on the combustion chamber side.
- the metal aluminide layer significantly increases the corrosion resistance of the contact pin 20.
- the protective effect of the metal -aluminide- formed by the diffusion of the elemental aluminum into the contact pin Layer 40 is based on a closed, firmly adhering, very thin Al2O3 layer formed on the outer surface, which, due to its very slow growth, protects both the underlying aluminide and the base material against corrosive attack.
- FIG. 3 shows the contact pin 20 according to the invention from FIG. 2 again in a schematic longitudinal section together with the center electrode 25.
- the contact pin on the combustion chamber side cover surface 37 is coated with the metal aluminide layer 40, it forms under operating conditions, i.e. at temperatures of up to 1000 ° C., upon contact with the noble metal center electrode 25 on this top surface 37 of the contact pin 20 facing the center electrode 25, one or more noble metal-aluminum compounds that are brittle.
- the center electrode 25 preferably consists of platinum or a platinum alloy, and consequently one or more brittle platinum-aluminum connections form on this contact pin cover surface 37.
- the formation of brittle connections on the top surface of the contact pin 37 is advantageous, since changes in length caused by different ones are too great
- FIG. 4 Another embodiment is shown in Figure 4.
- the schematic longitudinal section of a contact pin 20 with an analog shape is shown, the entire surface of the contact pin 20 now being coated with the metal-aluminide layer 40.
- the broad line identifies the metal-aluminide layer 40.
- the reference number 37 in turn denotes the top surface of the contact pin on the combustion chamber side.
- a contact pin according to the invention can in
- a contact pin according to the invention can also have a shape other than that shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
- the two diameters of the contact pin in FIGS. 2 and 4 can be chosen as desired.
- the length of the two areas and the length of the conical transition between the two areas is also not specified.
- the length of the tapered tip of the contact pin on the combustion chamber side can also be chosen as desired.
- the diameter of the top surface 37 on the combustion chamber side can be selected as desired.
- the contact pin can therefore be optimally adapted to the dimensions of the spark plug and the conditions of manufacture.
- FIG. 5 Another exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 5.
- the contact pin 20 shown in a longitudinal section has no conically tapering tip and a top surface 37 which has no reduced diameter compared to the cylindrical region on the combustion chamber side.
- the top surface 37 on the combustion chamber side thus has the same diameter as the cylindrical region on the combustion chamber side.
- An exemplary embodiment as shown in FIG. 6 would also be conceivable.
- the transition between the cylindrical area on the combustion chamber side and the cylindrical area with the larger diameter remote from the combustion chamber is stepped.
- a frustoconical design of the contact pin which is shown in FIG. 8, could also be possible.
- the embodiments in FIGS. 6 to 8 can also have a design of the tip on the combustion chamber side, as described in FIG. 2 and again shown separately in a longitudinal section in FIG. 9.
- the tip of the contact pin 20 on the combustion chamber side can taper in a conical shape and have a cover surface on the combustion chamber side that has a smaller diameter than the region adjoining it.
- the aluminum required for the aluminum-containing surface coating, the metal-aluminide, of the contact pin 20 can be deposited by means of thermal spraying processes, physical (physical vapor deposition, PVD) or chemical (chemical vapor deposition, CVD) deposition from the gas phase.
- the aluminum is preferably deposited using a CVD process, in particular by an alitation.
- Alitation is a process in which the surface layer of a workpiece is enriched with aluminum through a thermochemical treatment.
- the workpiece is embedded in a powder bed, for example, which is composed of a high proportion of Al2O3, an aluminum-containing donor alloy and a halogen-containing activator.
- Elemental aluminum is deposited by a chemical reaction consisting of several steps in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at a pressure between 0.01 and 10 MPa and temperatures of 900 ° C to 1100 ° C over a period of up to 10 hours.
- a large number of contact pins can be embedded in the powder bed, so the alitation can be designed inexpensively.
- the alitation can also be carried out without a powder bed by producing a transportable, gaseous aluminum compound, an aluminum halide, at a different location in relation to the location at which the contact pins are coated and by means of a flow containing hydrogen gas is transported to the coating site.
- the transportable aluminum compound is formed from an aluminum-containing donor alloy and a halogen-containing activator. It is possible to separate the location of the formation of the transportable aluminum connection and the location of the coating of the contact pins so that they are arranged in different containers. However, they can also be in the same container.
- an additional oxidation step of the coated contact pin can be carried out. This pre-oxidation leads to the formation of the passivating AI2O3 layer described above even before the contact pin is installed.
- the oxidation takes place at temperatures between 500 ° C and 1200 ° C over a period of up to 100 hours in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- FIG. 10 shows the effect of the metal aluminide layer 40 described above using a diagram.
- the diagram shows the diameter increase of a contact pin when the contact pin is exposed to a temperature of 900 ° C in air. It is the
- the round symbols mean the measured values for an uncoated Fe-Ni-Co contact pin, the squares the measured values for an Fe-Ni-Co contact pin provided with a 20-30 ⁇ m thick nickel layer, and the rhombuses for one with a through
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020017003941A KR20010075417A (ko) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-22 | 내연기관용 스파크 플러그 |
EP00960308A EP1116308B1 (de) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-22 | Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine |
BR0006701-6A BR0006701A (pt) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-22 | Vela de ignição para um motor de combustão interna |
DE50000960T DE50000960D1 (de) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-22 | Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine |
US09/806,132 US6628051B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-22 | Spark plug for an internal combustion engine |
JP2001514519A JP4532802B2 (ja) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-22 | 内燃機関のための点火プラグ |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19935676 | 1999-07-29 | ||
DE19935676.9 | 1999-07-29 | ||
DE19939319A DE19939319B4 (de) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-08-19 | Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE19939319.2 | 1999-08-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001009998A1 true WO2001009998A1 (de) | 2001-02-08 |
Family
ID=26054392
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/002409 WO2001009998A1 (de) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-22 | Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6628051B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1116308B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4532802B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0006701A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001009998A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103229372A (zh) | 2010-07-29 | 2013-07-31 | 美国辉门(菲德尔莫古)点火系统有限公司 | 用于与火花塞一起使用的电极材料 |
US8471451B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2013-06-25 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Ruthenium-based electrode material for a spark plug |
DE112012000600B4 (de) | 2011-01-27 | 2018-12-13 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Zündkerzenelektrode für eine Zündkerze, Zündkerze und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Zündkerzenelektrode |
WO2012116062A2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-30 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode material for a spark plug |
WO2013003325A2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode material for a spark plug |
US10044172B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode for spark plug comprising ruthenium-based material |
WO2013177031A1 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Method of making ruthenium-based material for spark plug electrode |
US8979606B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2015-03-17 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Method of manufacturing a ruthenium-based spark plug electrode material into a desired form and a ruthenium-based material for use in a spark plug |
US9231380B2 (en) | 2012-07-16 | 2016-01-05 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode material for a spark plug |
JP6035177B2 (ja) | 2012-08-20 | 2016-11-30 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関用のスパークプラグ |
DE102015115746B4 (de) | 2015-09-17 | 2017-04-27 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Zündelektrode für Zündkerzen und damit hergestellte Zündkerze |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4431143A1 (de) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
WO1997049153A1 (de) * | 1996-06-15 | 1997-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3192429A (en) * | 1960-11-08 | 1965-06-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Center electrode for spark plug |
US3171052A (en) * | 1961-10-10 | 1965-02-23 | Gen Motors Corp | Ceramic-to-metal bond for spark plugs and the like |
JPS4312186Y1 (de) * | 1967-11-07 | 1968-05-25 | ||
US3922396A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-11-25 | Chromalloy American Corp | Corrosion resistant coating system for ferrous metal articles having brazed joints |
JPS54158539A (en) * | 1978-06-03 | 1979-12-14 | Mazda Motor Corp | Method of making ignition plug electrode having corrosion-proof property at hight temperature |
JPS6035992B2 (ja) * | 1980-05-02 | 1985-08-17 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Ni合金のAlコ−テイング方法 |
DE3038720A1 (de) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-06-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Zuendkerze fuer brennkraftmaschine |
DE3144253A1 (de) * | 1981-11-07 | 1983-05-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Zuendkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
DE3230362A1 (de) * | 1982-08-14 | 1984-02-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Hochspannungszuendkerze |
US4659960A (en) * | 1984-05-09 | 1987-04-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Electrode structure for a spark plug |
JPS61277184A (ja) * | 1985-05-31 | 1986-12-08 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 点火プラグ |
JPS6258586A (ja) * | 1985-09-07 | 1987-03-14 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 点火プラグ |
JPS62208583A (ja) * | 1986-03-07 | 1987-09-12 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 点火プラグ |
US5503874A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-02 | General Electric Company | Method for low temperature chemical vapor deposition of aluminides containing easily oxidized metals |
US5807428A (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 1998-09-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Slurry coating system |
-
2000
- 2000-07-22 US US09/806,132 patent/US6628051B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-22 WO PCT/DE2000/002409 patent/WO2001009998A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-07-22 JP JP2001514519A patent/JP4532802B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-22 EP EP00960308A patent/EP1116308B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-22 BR BR0006701-6A patent/BR0006701A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4431143A1 (de) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
WO1997049153A1 (de) * | 1996-06-15 | 1997-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine |
US5952770A (en) * | 1996-06-15 | 1999-09-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0006701A (pt) | 2001-04-17 |
EP1116308A1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
EP1116308B1 (de) | 2002-12-18 |
JP4532802B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 |
JP2003506835A (ja) | 2003-02-18 |
US6628051B1 (en) | 2003-09-30 |
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