WO2000076650A1 - Sprühtrocknungsanlage und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung - Google Patents
Sprühtrocknungsanlage und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000076650A1 WO2000076650A1 PCT/EP2000/005183 EP0005183W WO0076650A1 WO 2000076650 A1 WO2000076650 A1 WO 2000076650A1 EP 0005183 W EP0005183 W EP 0005183W WO 0076650 A1 WO0076650 A1 WO 0076650A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spray
- spray drying
- powder
- fluidized bed
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/16—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/10—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it
- F26B3/12—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it in the form of a spray, i.e. sprayed or dispersed emulsions or suspensions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fluid bed apparatus with integrated spray drying and a method for its use.
- the invention also relates to a process for producing spray-dried powder material, the product properties of which can be varied in a targeted manner depending on the further use.
- granules are usually produced by spraying a solution or a suspension of one or more components into a spray tower charged with hot gas.
- the liquid components evaporate in the hot gas stream and solid particles are formed, which are more or less statistically shaped.
- Granulation in a fluidized bed is also known, in which the process air stream flows through a specially shaped inflow floor and thereby produces a fluidized bed of solid starting material.
- the spray liquid enters the swirl chamber in a finely divided manner through a nozzle system.
- the swirling particles are wetted, the surface is dissolved and the particles stick together. Solid is continuously removed at the end of the fluidized bed.
- a smaller amount of solids is fed in at the entrance and the spray liquid is finely distributed.
- a filter system ensures that no dust leaves the fluidized bed and that granulate particles with a minimum size are only removed at the outlet. Solid particles which are more or less statistically shaped also form in such a fluidized bed.
- a spray drying system which a) a spray drying unit (B) b) a fluidized bed (A) c) one or more additional spray or atomizing nozzles for liquid media (C) e) a powder metering device (D) and f) a powder return (9) with fan (E).
- liquid medium (5), spray air (6), powdery material (9) and hot air (4) are brought together.
- a special embodiment consists in that a spray drying unit (B) is located vertically above a subsequent fluidized bed in a spray tower.
- the spray drying unit (B) of the plant can contain a spray system which consists of a two-substance spray nozzle heated with hot water with a coaxially arranged powder return and hot gas flow.
- the problem is solved in particular by a system in which one or more additional spraying or atomizing nozzles for liquid media (C) can be variably attached locally in the fluidized bed.
- the fluid bed is followed by a powder metering system (D) which is separated by a lock flap (F) and is fed by an overflow (8).
- a portion of the product formed can, according to the invention, be returned to the spray drying unit (B), optionally after comminution, by flight conveying, in which a fan (E) serves as conveying member.
- the fan (E) which acts as a conveying element, can simultaneously serve as a comminution unit for the recycled powder.
- the problem is also solved by a method for producing spray-dried powder material, in which a) in a first step, a liquid medium, spray gas, powder - J -
- the resulting powdery product falls into a fluidized bed, taken up, fluidized and transported, c) sprayed with another liquid medium in one or more granulation step (s), dried and conveyed in the fluidized bed in the direction of the powder metering system , from which d) a partial quantity is returned to the process as powdery material.
- the liquid medium is a solution, a dispersion or a suspension.
- a special variant of the method consists in that the recycled powdery material is crushed before the recycling.
- a gas selected from the group N 2 and C0 2 can be used as the spray gas, as the carrier and heating gas, air or an inert gas.
- the gas can be circulated, in which it is freed of particles by filters or with the aid of dynamic filters and is again fed or heated to the spray nozzles and introduced into the fluidized bed.
- liquid media used at different points in the system can have different compositions.
- the present object is achieved in particular in that particle sizes between 50 to 1000 ⁇ m can be set in a targeted manner by varying the parameters, spray pressure, liquid quantity, returned powder quantity, hot air flow and temperature of the hot air.
- the system is initially charged with powdered starter material via the filler neck (3).
- An air flow is generated in the spray drying room via the chambers (1).
- the introduced starter material is fluidized by this air flow and moves in the direction of the discharge flap (F).
- the powder flow receives this direction of movement when the air flow is generated by a corresponding perforation of the Conidurêt.
- the fluidized product can be opened by simply opening the lock flaps
- Discharge (F) At this point in the system, devices are created which either allow the product to be fed into a powder metering system or via a flight conveyor to the spray drying unit.
- An overflow (8) for the finished product is located at the discharge via the powder dosing system.
- the fan (E) of the spray drying unit serves both as a conveying means for the product and as a comminution unit for powder material to be returned.
- Returned powder material of the return line (9) is combined with the corresponding media liquid (5) spray air (6) and hot air (4) by the special design of the spray drying nozzle.
- the resulting powder or granulate is taken up by the fluidized bed and is transported on as described above.
- three granulation nozzles (C), as shown in Figure 1, one or more spray nozzles or spray drying nozzles or only one, two or more than three granulation nozzles can be attached to the corresponding point in the system. These additional nozzles can be located directly at the beginning of the fluid bed or moved further back.
- the choice of the location at which the powder material originally formed is sprayed once or several times depends, among other things, on the residual moisture content of the desired product. It goes without saying that a product with a particularly low residual moisture after the last spraying requires a longer residence time in the fluidized bed than one with a longer one.
- the various nozzles can be used to apply different compositions to the particle surfaces already formed, so that particles with a layered structure can be obtained. However, it can also be used to achieve a more uniform grain size distribution.
- system according to the invention can be operated not only with air as the carrier medium. It is also possible to use an inert gas, such as e.g. B. nitrogen, or to drive with carbon dioxide gas.
- the system is designed so that the parameters liquid quantity, spray pressure, recirculated powder quantity, hot gas quantity, hot gas temperature, warm air quantity, warm air temperature can be individually regulated. Therefore, the properties of the end product can be adjusted in terms of moisture, particle size and particle size distribution by the amount of powder returned, the amount of liquid fed in and the spray pressure.
- powdery products with particle sizes between 50 and 1000 ⁇ m can be produced in the system described.
- the particles can consist of a single chemical substance or have a layered structure of different substances or, depending on the chosen process parameters, have a more or less crystalline or predominantly amorphous structure, in the latter case the particles both from one and from a mixture can consist of different components.
- the formation of the particles can be particularly controlled by a spray nozzle integrated in the system, which is suitable for producing spray-dried granules.
- a spray nozzle integrated in the system, which is suitable for producing spray-dried granules.
- a corresponding embodiment of such a spray nozzle is shown in FIG. 2.
- This spray nozzle is a spray system that consists of a two-substance spray nozzle [(1), (2), (3)] that can be heated with hot water, which in turn has a coaxially arranged powder return (4) and a hot gas flow (5 ) Is provided.
- this spray system is that the powder comes into contact with the liquid droplets generated by the atomizing air directly at the outlet and is granulated or agglomerated. So that the granules do not stick together and the surface moisture can be removed, the spray and powder distribution is enclosed in a hot gas stream, where the energy required to evaporate the liquid is directly converted. After-drying takes place in the fluid bed.
- a particular advantage of this spray drying system is therefore that very different products can be produced in a single system depending on the set process parameters and on the liquid media to be sprayed.
- FIG. 1 a general flow diagram (FIG. 1) of the spray drying system described and examples are given below, which are within the scope of the present invention but are not suitable for restricting the invention to these examples.
- a fluid bed apparatus A fluid bed apparatus
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001502968A JP2003501252A (ja) | 1999-06-16 | 2000-06-06 | 噴霧乾燥プラント、およびその使用方法 |
US10/009,487 US6845571B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2000-06-06 | Spray-drying installation and a method for using the same |
AU54028/00A AU5402800A (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2000-06-06 | Spray-drying installation and a method for using the same |
KR1020017016122A KR20020009634A (ko) | 1999-06-16 | 2000-06-06 | 분무 건조 장치 및 시스템과 분무 건조된 분말 재료 제조방법 |
CA002374220A CA2374220A1 (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2000-06-06 | Spray-drying plant, and process for the use thereof |
EP00938764A EP1187672A1 (de) | 1999-06-16 | 2000-06-06 | Sprühtrocknungsanlage und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19927537.8 | 1999-06-16 | ||
DE19927537A DE19927537A1 (de) | 1999-06-16 | 1999-06-16 | Sprühtrocknungsanlage und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000076650A1 true WO2000076650A1 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
Family
ID=7911468
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/005183 WO2000076650A1 (de) | 1999-06-16 | 2000-06-06 | Sprühtrocknungsanlage und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6845571B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1187672A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003501252A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20020009634A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1355723A (de) |
AU (1) | AU5402800A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2374220A1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ20014439A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19927537A1 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0201532A2 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2250131C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000076650A1 (de) |
Cited By (13)
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002306944A (ja) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-22 | Okawara Mfg Co Ltd | 造粒乾燥方法並びに流動層造粒乾燥装置 |
WO2002089941A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-14 | Simatek A/S | Method for drying a liquid or a paste and a drying plant therefor |
JP2005513151A (ja) * | 2001-12-13 | 2005-05-12 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | 直接圧縮可能なα−マンニトールの製造方法 |
US7118765B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2006-10-10 | Spi Pharma, Inc. | Co-processed carbohydrate system as a quick-dissolve matrix for solid dosage forms |
WO2011003603A2 (de) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Zusammensetzung für die tablettenherstellung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
WO2011003602A2 (de) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Wasserarmes tablettierhilfsmittel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
CN103657520A (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-03-26 | 昆明特康科技有限公司 | 一种粉体物料与液体物料混合设备 |
US8808735B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2014-08-19 | Takeda Nycomed As | Fast wet-massing method for the preparation of calcium-containing compositions |
US8846088B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2014-09-30 | Takeda Nycomed As | Melt granulation of a composition containing a calcium-containing compound |
US8846101B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2014-09-30 | Takeda Nycomed As | Film-coated and/or granulated calcium-containing compounds and use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions |
US8906411B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2014-12-09 | Takeda Nycomed As | Pre-compacted calcium-containing compositions |
US10258576B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2019-04-16 | Takeda As | Particulate comprising a calcium-containing compound and a sugar alcohol |
US11166917B2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2021-11-09 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Direct injection moldable and rapidly disintegrating tablet matrix |
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ITMI20012693A1 (it) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-06-19 | Zambon Spa | Unita' di spruzzo di uno spray dryer |
DE10256674A1 (de) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-06-17 | Baumann-Schilp, Lucia | Kombinierte Entfeuchtung, Trocknung und Korngrößensteuerung von Feststoffen |
NL1022186C2 (nl) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-18 | Carlisle Process Systems B V | Sproeidrooginrichting. |
HRP20030816B1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2012-05-31 | Leko Vlado | Capsulated herbal composition as auxilary medicament against diabetes mellitus type (i) and (ii) |
US8617588B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2013-12-31 | Spi Pharma, Inc. | Highly compactable and durable direct compression excipients and excipient systems |
US20110021825A1 (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2011-01-27 | Ge Healthcare As | Process for isolating iodixanol from an aqueous solution |
MY156376A (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2016-02-15 | Basf Se | Method for producing a powder containing one or more complexing agent salts |
CN101979940B (zh) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-06-05 | 广东科达机电股份有限公司 | 制粉用喷雾干燥塔 |
EP2651397A2 (de) | 2010-12-17 | 2013-10-23 | Merck Patent GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von direkt tablettierbarem -mannit |
DE102011080233A1 (de) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dispersionspulvern |
CN102515601B (zh) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-10-30 | 同济大学 | 一种矿物材料火山灰活性改性方法及改性装置 |
PT107567B (pt) * | 2014-03-31 | 2019-02-13 | Hovione Farm S A | Secador por atomização com atomizador múltiplo, método para o aumento de escala de pós para inalação secos por dispositivo de atomização múltiplo e uso de vários atomizadores num secador por atomização |
CN105031956A (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-11-11 | 安徽嘉智信诺化工有限公司 | 一种喷雾干燥装置 |
EP3059537A1 (de) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-24 | Ingeniatrics Tecnologias | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Tröpfchen |
EP3097962B1 (de) * | 2015-05-29 | 2020-05-13 | Symrise AG | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von sprühgetrockneten agglomeraten |
EP3117720B1 (de) * | 2015-05-29 | 2019-02-20 | Symrise AG | Grosse agglomeratpartikel |
WO2017097657A1 (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-06-15 | Basf Se | Process for manufacturing granules |
CN105642904B (zh) * | 2016-01-05 | 2019-07-09 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | 一种纳米金属复合涂层材料的制备方法和装置 |
CN108261396B (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2021-12-24 | 北京化工大学 | 一种制粒方法 |
WO2020053668A1 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-19 | Tapas Chatterjee | Device and process for preparing spray dried powders |
JP7157678B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 | 2022-10-20 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | 噴霧ノズル |
CN113510057B (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-07-15 | 金溪县金港实业有限公司 | 一种体育器材生产用新型喷塑机 |
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1999
- 1999-06-16 DE DE19927537A patent/DE19927537A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-06-06 HU HU0201532A patent/HUP0201532A2/hu unknown
- 2000-06-06 RU RU2002100641/12A patent/RU2250131C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-06 US US10/009,487 patent/US6845571B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-06 CA CA002374220A patent/CA2374220A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-06 CZ CZ20014439A patent/CZ20014439A3/cs unknown
- 2000-06-06 CN CN00808987A patent/CN1355723A/zh active Pending
- 2000-06-06 KR KR1020017016122A patent/KR20020009634A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-06 EP EP00938764A patent/EP1187672A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-06 AU AU54028/00A patent/AU5402800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-06 WO PCT/EP2000/005183 patent/WO2000076650A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-06 JP JP2001502968A patent/JP2003501252A/ja active Pending
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Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002306944A (ja) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-22 | Okawara Mfg Co Ltd | 造粒乾燥方法並びに流動層造粒乾燥装置 |
WO2002089941A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-14 | Simatek A/S | Method for drying a liquid or a paste and a drying plant therefor |
JP2013139455A (ja) * | 2001-12-13 | 2013-07-18 | Merck Patent Gmbh | 直接圧縮可能なα−マンニトールの製造方法 |
JP2005513151A (ja) * | 2001-12-13 | 2005-05-12 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | 直接圧縮可能なα−マンニトールの製造方法 |
EP1453781B2 (de) † | 2001-12-13 | 2014-03-05 | Merck Patent GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von direkt tablettierbarem alpha-mannit |
EP1319644B2 (de) † | 2001-12-13 | 2009-04-01 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von direkt tablettierbaren Beta-Mannit |
US8545889B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2013-10-01 | Spi Pharma, Inc. | Co-processed carbohydrate system as a quick-dissolve matrix for solid dosage forms |
US7118765B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2006-10-10 | Spi Pharma, Inc. | Co-processed carbohydrate system as a quick-dissolve matrix for solid dosage forms |
US10702605B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2020-07-07 | Spi Pharma, Inc. | Co-processed carbohydrate system as a quick-dissolve matrix for solid dosage forms |
US9138413B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2015-09-22 | Spi Pharma, Inc. | Co-processed carbohydrate system as a quick-dissolve matrix for solid dosage forms |
US10357460B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | Takeda As | Particulate comprising a calcium-containing compound and a sugar alcohol |
US10258576B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2019-04-16 | Takeda As | Particulate comprising a calcium-containing compound and a sugar alcohol |
US8808735B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2014-08-19 | Takeda Nycomed As | Fast wet-massing method for the preparation of calcium-containing compositions |
US8846088B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2014-09-30 | Takeda Nycomed As | Melt granulation of a composition containing a calcium-containing compound |
US8846101B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2014-09-30 | Takeda Nycomed As | Film-coated and/or granulated calcium-containing compounds and use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions |
US8906411B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2014-12-09 | Takeda Nycomed As | Pre-compacted calcium-containing compositions |
US9801907B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2017-10-31 | Takeda As | Film-coated and/or granulated calcium-containing compounds and use therof in pharmaceutical compositions |
US11166917B2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2021-11-09 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Direct injection moldable and rapidly disintegrating tablet matrix |
WO2011003603A2 (de) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Zusammensetzung für die tablettenherstellung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
WO2011003602A2 (de) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Wasserarmes tablettierhilfsmittel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
CN103657520A (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-03-26 | 昆明特康科技有限公司 | 一种粉体物料与液体物料混合设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CZ20014439A3 (cs) | 2002-03-13 |
HUP0201532A2 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
EP1187672A1 (de) | 2002-03-20 |
CN1355723A (zh) | 2002-06-26 |
JP2003501252A (ja) | 2003-01-14 |
AU5402800A (en) | 2001-01-02 |
DE19927537A1 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
CA2374220A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
RU2250131C2 (ru) | 2005-04-20 |
KR20020009634A (ko) | 2002-02-01 |
US6845571B1 (en) | 2005-01-25 |
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