WO2000074879A1 - Support d'impact pour panier de coulee - Google Patents

Support d'impact pour panier de coulee Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000074879A1
WO2000074879A1 PCT/GB2000/002070 GB0002070W WO0074879A1 WO 2000074879 A1 WO2000074879 A1 WO 2000074879A1 GB 0002070 W GB0002070 W GB 0002070W WO 0074879 A1 WO0074879 A1 WO 0074879A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impact
overhang
impact surface
pad according
impact pad
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/002070
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rodolfo D. Morales
Jorge Palafox-Ramos
Simon Lopez-Ramirez
Original Assignee
Foseco International Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to SK1683-2001A priority Critical patent/SK286467B6/sk
Priority to PL00351868A priority patent/PL193912B1/pl
Application filed by Foseco International Limited filed Critical Foseco International Limited
Priority to EP00937013A priority patent/EP1198315B1/fr
Priority to JP2001501397A priority patent/JP4344107B2/ja
Priority to AT00937013T priority patent/ATE251000T1/de
Priority to BR0011386-7A priority patent/BR0011386A/pt
Priority to SI200030217T priority patent/SI1198315T1/xx
Priority to CA002375134A priority patent/CA2375134A1/fr
Priority to DK00937013T priority patent/DK1198315T3/da
Priority to MXPA01012073A priority patent/MXPA01012073A/es
Priority to HU0201462A priority patent/HU223442B1/hu
Priority to AU52309/00A priority patent/AU770032B2/en
Priority to DE60005674T priority patent/DE60005674T2/de
Publication of WO2000074879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000074879A1/fr
Priority to US09/986,123 priority patent/US20020033567A1/en
Priority to US10/410,597 priority patent/US20040070123A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/003—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with impact pads

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the handling of molten metal, especially steel.
  • the invention relates to a tundish impact pad, i.e. an article formed from refractory material to be placed on the floor of a tundish to receive an incoming stream of molten metal poured into the tundish from a ladle.
  • the invention has particular utility in the continuous casting of steel.
  • WO 96/14951 discloses a tundish impact pad comprising a body of refractory material capable of withstanding contact with molten steel in a tundish.
  • the impact pad body comprises a base having an impact surface, an outer sidewall extending upwardly from the impact surface, and a top surface connected to the sidewall and defining an opening therein.
  • the top surface has an inner annular portion substantially parallel to the impact surface, and there is a substantially right angled corner between the sidewall and the impact surface, and also between the sidewall and the inner annular portion of the top surface.
  • This impact pad provides increased residence time of the molten steel in the tundish, which is important to ensure that unwanted inclusions have sufficient time to float to the surface of the steel and to be removed.
  • WO 97/37799 discloses a tundish impact pad comprising a body of refractory material capable of withstanding contact with molten steel in a tundish.
  • the impact pad body comprises a base having an impact surface for molten steel, an outer sidewall extending upwardly from the impact surface and extending around the base to completely enclose it.
  • An annular body portion connected to the sidewall provides a top surface substantially parallel to the impact surface and defines an opening into which molten steel can be poured, the lower surface of the annular body portion and the inner face of the sidewall defining a recess having an undercut portion extending continuously around and above the impact surface.
  • a portion of the top surface is at a lower level than the remainder of the top surface and the recess beneath the portion of the top surface is of smaller cross-section than the remainder of the recess.
  • This impact pad is particularly useful for improving the flow characteristics in elongate tundishes in which the molten steel is poured into the tundish at an end of the tundish and the or each outlet for the steel is at the opposite end of the tundish.
  • the impact pad is oriented such that the lower level portion of the end wall is adjacent to the end wall next to the incoming stream of molten steel, so that the steel rebounding from the pad preferentially flows towards this end wall. This has the effect of markedly reducing the surface turbulence created in the tundish, and generally improving the flow paths, resulting in the production of cleaner steel.
  • the incoming stream of molten metal (the "ladle stream") to be "off-center", i.e. not located on the longitudinal axis of the tundish.
  • the ladle shroud the pipe through which in-coming metal flows from the ladle into the tundish
  • the ladle shroud normally moves together with a sliding gate valve which controls the flow of the metal from the ladle, and since the valve is frequently only partially open in order to limit the flow rate, the ladle shroud is frequently off-centre with respect to the tundish.
  • a tundish impact pad formed from refractory material comprising a base having an impact surface which in use faces upwardly to receive molten metal poured onto the impact pad, and a wall extending upwardly from the base around at least part of the periphery of the impact surface, the wall including an overhang projecting over a peripheral region of the impact surface, the overhang including a plurality of protrusions which project further over the impact surface than the remainder of the overhang.
  • the wall preferably extends around the entire periphery of the impact surface, fully enclosing the impact surface.
  • the invention provides a tundish containing an impact pad according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the tundish is preferably elongate in shape (i.e. in plan view), it preferably has outlets near each longitudinal end, and in use the incoming stream of molten metal, and thus the impact pad, are preferably located substantially in the longitudinal centre of the tundish.
  • the tundish preferably includes at least one dam extending across its width between the impact pad and an outlet.
  • the top surface of the dam preferably has a central portion (i.e. central with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tundish) which is lower than peripheral portions on each side of it. This generally aids in directing the flow of the molten metal towards the longitudinal axis of the tundish.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the provision of a plurality of protrusions which project further over the impact surface than the remainder of the overhang of the peripheral wall generally causes the molten metal rebounding from the impact surface to be directed substantially towards the centre of the impact pad. This generally has the effect of causing substantially symmetrical flow of the molten metal out of the impact pad, even if the metal flowing into the pad onto the impact surface is "off-centre", i.e. spaced a distance from the centre of the pad.
  • Such substantially symmetrical flow out of the impact pad generally causes symmetrical flow throughout the tundish, resulting in the reduction of so-called “dead zones" where the rate of flow of the molten metal is relatively low (causing poor replenishment of fresh metal and the possibility of solidification of the metal) and generally improving the consistency of residence time in the tundish experienced by the molten metal.
  • the impact surface of the pad preferably has at least two corners (e.g. four corners) over which a respective protrusion projects.
  • at least one (and preferably all) of the corners may be formed at the convergence of substantially straight sides of the impact surface.
  • the impact surface may be substantially polygonal, most preferably substantially quadrangular, especially substantially rectangular or square.
  • a protrusion preferably projects over each corner of a polygonal impact surface.
  • at least one protrusion (preferably two protrusions or more) may extend along at least most of the length of a respective side of the impact surface, and may even extend along substantially the entire length of a respective side of the impact surface.
  • the distance by which the overhang extending between two said protrusions projects over the impact surface is substantially uniform along at least most of its length.
  • the overhang extending between two protrusions may advantageously be substantially straight along at least most of its length.
  • the distance by which the overhang projects over the impact surface may be substantially non-uniform along at least most of its length, for example one or more of the overhang(s) extending between two protrusions may be curved in plan view, for example such that the or each overhang projects further over the impact surface at the centre of its length than it does at each end, or alternatively such that it projects further at each end than it does at its centre.
  • each overhang between protrusions may be varied according to each particular circumstance, e.g. depending upon the shape and/or size of the tundish, and/or the amount by which the incoming stream of molten metal is off-centre, or according to any other particular requirements of the user.
  • the maximum distance by which the or each protrusion of the impact pad projects over the impact surface is preferably at least 110%, more preferably at least 120%, even more preferably at least 140%, especially at least 150% of the maximum distance by which the remainder of the overhang projects over the impact surface.
  • the or each protrusion of the impact pad projects over the impact surface by a maximum distance preferably of no more than 600%, more preferably no more than 500%, especially no more than 450% of the maximum distance by which the remainder of the overhang projects over the impact surface.
  • the height of the overhang above the impact surface may be non-uniform along its length.
  • the height of the overhang extending between two of the protrusions is preferably different to that of the overhang extending between one of the two protrusions and another protrusion, or between two other protrusions.
  • at least one portion of the overhang which is lower than that of another portion of the overhang may project a greater distance over the impact surface than does the other, higher, portion of the overhang. This has been found to cause molten metal rebounding from the impact surface and impinging on such lower overhangs to be re-directed back towards the centre of the impact pad generally more forcefully than the metal impinging on the higher overhangs. This in turn appears to contribute to causing the metal to flow symmetrically away from the impact pad. (However, no limitation on the interpretation of the invention should be construed from the postulated explanations stated herein of the functioning of its various aspects.)
  • the peripheral region of the impact surface comprises a trough extending around at least part of a central region of the impact surface.
  • the trough is preferably wider at the corners than elsewhere.
  • the shape of the trough in plan view may substantially mirror that of the overhang of the wall.
  • Figure 1 shows, in isometric projection, a tundish impact pad according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows, in isometric projection, a longitudinal cross-section of the tundish impact pad shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the asymmetric flow of molten metal in an elongate tundish from an off-centre ladle-shroud
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the symmetric flow of molten metal in an elongate tundish from an off-centre ladle-shroud using an impact pad and novel dams according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a dam as shown schematically in Figure 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tundish impact pad 1 according to the invention, comprising a base 3 having an impact surface 5 which in use faces upwardly to receive molten metal poured onto the impact pad, and a wall 7 extending upwardly from the base around the periphery of the impact surface, the wall including an overhang 9 projecting over a peripheral region 11 of the impact surface, the overhang including a plurality of protrusions 13 which project further over the impact surface than the remainder of the overhang.
  • the impact pad 1 is rectangular in plan view, both the base 3 and the impact surface 5 being rectangular in shape.
  • Each of the protrusions 13 is located at one of the four corners of the pad.
  • the overhang 9a is relatively small, and is substantially straight and uniform.
  • the overhang 9b is relatively large, and is curved in plan view. Furthermore, the overhangs 9b are at a lower level above the impact surface than are the overhangs 9a.
  • the peripheral region 11 of the impact surface comprises a trough, the shape of which substantially mirrors that of the entire overhang (9a, 9b, 13).
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the impact pad of Figure 1.
  • the extent of the overhangs 9b is clearly visible, as is the depth of the trough 11. It is also clear that the shorter walls 7b are perpendicular to the impact surface 5, and the overhangs 9b are perpendicular to the walls 7b.
  • the longer walls 7a are, however, inclined to the perpendicular, i.e. they slope outwardly from the impact surface to the overhangs 9a.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the asymmetric flow of molten metal in an elongate tundish from an off-centre ladle-shroud.
  • the tundish is shown in plan view, with the incoming ladle-stream of molten metal represented by a circle in the longitudinal centre of the tundish but off-centre in a transverse direction, i.e. closer to one longitudinal sidewall of the tundish than the other.
  • the tundish also contains a pair of dams 15 (containing holes to permit flow-through of the molten metal) on either longitudinal side of the tundish, and outlets indicated by circles at each end of the tundish.
  • the arrows indicate the flow paths of the molten metal; in part (a), the initial flow paths of metal entering the tundish are shown. (According to normal working practice, the tundish is already full of molten metal flowing through it - the flow paths shown merely indicate the predominant flow paths at various distances from the tundish.) Even at this early stage it can be seen that because the ladle-stream is off-centre, the flow is asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tundish. In part (b), the molten metal has begun to flow through the dams, and the asymmetry of the flow paths is even more apparent. In part (c), the molten metal has reached the outlets.
  • dead-zones where there is little or no flow of the molten metal during these steady-state conditions.
  • the presence of dead zones in a tundish is a major problem, since the metal cools in these regions and may start to solidify; they also cause variations in the composition of the metal flowing out of the tundish.
  • FIG 4 shows how the flow paths of the molten metal are changed by the use of an impact pad 1 according to the invention. Also present in the tundish of Figure 4 are dams 19 located closer to the outlets than the dams of Figure 3. These dams have a central portion 21 of their top surface which is lower than the peripheral portions 23 on either side of it.
  • FIG. 5 shows a front view and a cross-sectional view of a dam 19 (shown only schematically in Figure 4).
  • the dam has a bottom surface 25 and side surfaces 27 shaped and sized to fit tightly in a tundish across its width. Its top surface has a central portion 21 which is lower than peripheral portions 23 on either side of it. This has the effect of channelling molten metal flowing over the dam along a generally axial flow path in the tundish. It is therefore complementary to the impact pad, in causing symmetrical and/or axial flow of molten metal in the tundish.
  • the dam also has a plurality of holes 29 extending through it, to allow molten metal to flow through the dam in addition to the molten metal which can flow over the dam.
  • the holes 29 are inclined upwards in the direction of flow of the molten metal, so as to impart an upwardly directed flow path to the metal flowing through the holes.
  • the angle of inclination of the holes is preferably greater for the lower holes and preferably decreases on rising up the dam.
  • the lowest holes preferably have an angle of inclination of 40°, reducing to 30° and then 20° respectively for the higher holes.
  • the dimensions shown are in millimetres.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un support d'impact pour panier de coulée (1), constitué d'un matériau réfractaire, comprenant une base (3) dotée d'une surface d'impact (5) qui, en service, est orientée vers le haut pour recevoir le métal fondu déversé sur ledit support, et une paroi (7) qui s'étend vers le haut depuis la base autour d'au moins une partie de la périphérie de la surface d'impact. La paroi comporte une avancée en surplomb (9) qui se projette au-dessus d'une zone périphérique (11) de la surface d'impact (5), cette avancée (9) comprenant plusieurs protubérances (13) qui se projettent elles-mêmes plus avant au-dessus de la surface d'impact (5) par rapport au reste de l'avancée en surplomb (9).
PCT/GB2000/002070 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Support d'impact pour panier de coulee WO2000074879A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK00937013T DK1198315T3 (da) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Prelplade for en støbekop
CA002375134A CA2375134A1 (fr) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Support d'impact pour panier de coulee
EP00937013A EP1198315B1 (fr) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Dalle d'impact pour repartiteur de coulee
PL00351868A PL193912B1 (pl) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Amortyzator do kadzi pośredniej oraz kadź pośrednia
AT00937013T ATE251000T1 (de) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Prallplatte für zwischengefäss
BR0011386-7A BR0011386A (pt) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Amortecedor de impacto para um distribuidor formado a partir de material refratário, e, distribuidor
MXPA01012073A MXPA01012073A (es) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Almohadilla de impacto para una artesa refractaria con buzas en el fondo.
SK1683-2001A SK286467B6 (sk) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Nárazová podložka odlievacej panvy
JP2001501397A JP4344107B2 (ja) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 タンディッシュ緩衝パッド
SI200030217T SI1198315T1 (en) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Impact pad for a tundish
HU0201462A HU223442B1 (hu) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Terelőelem elosztóüsthöz, és elosztóüst
AU52309/00A AU770032B2 (en) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Impact pad for a tundish
DE60005674T DE60005674T2 (de) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Prallplatte für zwischengefäss
US09/986,123 US20020033567A1 (en) 1999-06-08 2001-11-07 Impact pad for a tundish
US10/410,597 US20040070123A1 (en) 1999-06-08 2003-04-10 Impact pad for a tundish

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9913241.7A GB9913241D0 (en) 1999-06-08 1999-06-08 Impact pad for tundish
GB9913241.7 1999-06-08

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/986,123 Continuation US20020033567A1 (en) 1999-06-08 2001-11-07 Impact pad for a tundish

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000074879A1 true WO2000074879A1 (fr) 2000-12-14

Family

ID=10854899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/002070 WO2000074879A1 (fr) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Support d'impact pour panier de coulee

Country Status (27)

Country Link
US (2) US20020033567A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1198315B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4344107B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100619318B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1170647C (fr)
AR (1) AR024294A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE251000T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU770032B2 (fr)
BG (1) BG64341B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0011386A (fr)
CA (1) CA2375134A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ299614B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE60005674T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1198315T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2209900T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9913241D0 (fr)
HU (1) HU223442B1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01012073A (fr)
MY (1) MY125091A (fr)
PL (1) PL193912B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT1198315E (fr)
RS (1) RS49851B (fr)
SK (1) SK286467B6 (fr)
TR (1) TR200103534T2 (fr)
TW (1) TW509601B (fr)
WO (1) WO2000074879A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200109194B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003082499A1 (fr) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Foseco International Limited Support d'impact metallurgique
CN102917817A (zh) * 2010-07-19 2013-02-06 里弗雷克特里知识产权两合公司 耐火的陶瓷吸震器
CN109843474A (zh) * 2016-08-08 2019-06-04 维苏威美国公司 冲击垫

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DE10235867B3 (de) * 2002-08-05 2004-04-08 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co.Kg Feuerfestes keramisches Bauteil
US6929775B2 (en) * 2002-09-04 2005-08-16 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Tundish impact pad
US7468157B2 (en) * 2005-12-14 2008-12-23 North American Refractories Co. Impact pad for metallurgical vessels
EP2193861A1 (fr) 2008-12-02 2010-06-09 Foseco International Limited Dalle d'impact pour bassin répartiteur.
JP5556421B2 (ja) * 2010-06-23 2014-07-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続鋳造による高清浄度鋼鋳片の製造方法
JP5556465B2 (ja) * 2010-07-15 2014-07-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続鋳造による高清浄度鋼鋳片の製造方法
BRPI1002628A2 (pt) * 2010-07-27 2012-03-27 Magnesita Refratarios S A redutor de turbulência para uso em distribuidores de aço de lingotamento contìnuo
KR101867645B1 (ko) 2011-06-14 2018-06-15 베수비우스 유에스에이 코포레이션 충격 패드
EP2537609A1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-26 Calderys Ukraine Ltd. Élément d'amortissement par écoulement de métal et diffuseur pour panier de coulée
CN103252465B (zh) * 2013-05-10 2015-07-29 东北大学 一种用于非对称连铸中间包的湍流控制器
DE102016214236A1 (de) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-08 Thyssenkrupp Ag Pralltopf, Vorrichtung zum Vergießen einer metallischen Schmelze sowie Verfahren zum Vergießen einer metallischen Schmelze
CN110814330A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-02-21 武汉科技大学 一种连铸中间包顶旋型湍流控制器
CN111570777B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2022-01-11 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 一种中间包稳流器
CN114406216B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2024-05-31 河北敬业高品钢科技有限公司 一种双辊薄带连铸布流器过渡装置及其建造方法

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EP0847821A1 (fr) * 1996-12-11 1998-06-17 Ugine Savoie Réservoir d'alimentation destiné à retenir un métal fondu et notamment un acier

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WO1996014951A1 (fr) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-23 Foseco International Limited Dalle d'impact pour panier de coulee
WO1997037799A1 (fr) * 1996-04-11 1997-10-16 Foseco International Limited Coussin d'impact de bassin de coulee
EP0847821A1 (fr) * 1996-12-11 1998-06-17 Ugine Savoie Réservoir d'alimentation destiné à retenir un métal fondu et notamment un acier

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003082499A1 (fr) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Foseco International Limited Support d'impact metallurgique
US6997361B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2006-02-14 Foseco International Limited Metallurgical impact pad
CN1305612C (zh) * 2002-03-28 2007-03-21 福塞科国际有限公司 冶金冲击垫
CN102917817A (zh) * 2010-07-19 2013-02-06 里弗雷克特里知识产权两合公司 耐火的陶瓷吸震器
CN109843474A (zh) * 2016-08-08 2019-06-04 维苏威美国公司 冲击垫
US10882107B2 (en) 2016-08-08 2021-01-05 Vesuvius Usa Corporation Impact pad
CN109843474B (zh) * 2016-08-08 2022-03-22 维苏威英国有限公司 冲击垫

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUP0201462A2 (en) 2002-08-28
KR100619318B1 (ko) 2006-09-05
CA2375134A1 (fr) 2000-12-14
CZ20014350A3 (cs) 2002-08-14
DK1198315T3 (da) 2004-01-12
BR0011386A (pt) 2002-03-05
AU770032B2 (en) 2004-02-12
GB9913241D0 (en) 1999-08-04
TW509601B (en) 2002-11-11
ES2209900T3 (es) 2004-07-01
YU86201A (sh) 2003-04-30
KR20010113834A (ko) 2001-12-28
HU223442B1 (hu) 2004-07-28
DE60005674T2 (de) 2004-07-29
AR024294A1 (es) 2002-09-25
MY125091A (en) 2006-07-31
DE60005674D1 (de) 2003-11-06
BG106187A (en) 2002-08-30
CN1354703A (zh) 2002-06-19
PL351868A1 (en) 2003-06-30
PL193912B1 (pl) 2007-03-30
SK286467B6 (sk) 2008-11-06
SK16832001A3 (sk) 2002-03-05
BG64341B1 (bg) 2004-10-29
ATE251000T1 (de) 2003-10-15
TR200103534T2 (tr) 2002-04-22
ZA200109194B (en) 2003-01-29
EP1198315A1 (fr) 2002-04-24
RS49851B (sr) 2008-08-07
CZ299614B6 (cs) 2008-09-24
US20020033567A1 (en) 2002-03-21
JP2003501266A (ja) 2003-01-14
AU5230900A (en) 2000-12-28
PT1198315E (pt) 2004-01-30
MXPA01012073A (es) 2002-06-04
EP1198315B1 (fr) 2003-10-01
US20040070123A1 (en) 2004-04-15
CN1170647C (zh) 2004-10-13
JP4344107B2 (ja) 2009-10-14

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