EP1198315B1 - Dalle d'impact pour repartiteur de coulee - Google Patents

Dalle d'impact pour repartiteur de coulee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1198315B1
EP1198315B1 EP00937013A EP00937013A EP1198315B1 EP 1198315 B1 EP1198315 B1 EP 1198315B1 EP 00937013 A EP00937013 A EP 00937013A EP 00937013 A EP00937013 A EP 00937013A EP 1198315 B1 EP1198315 B1 EP 1198315B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impact
overhang
impact surface
impact pad
pad according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00937013A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1198315A1 (fr
Inventor
Rodolfo D. Morales
Jorge Palafox-Ramos
Simon Lopez-Ramirez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Foseco International Ltd
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Foseco International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Foseco International Ltd filed Critical Foseco International Ltd
Priority to SI200030217T priority Critical patent/SI1198315T1/xx
Publication of EP1198315A1 publication Critical patent/EP1198315A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1198315B1 publication Critical patent/EP1198315B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/003—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with impact pads

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the handling of molten metal, especially steel.
  • the invention relates to a tundish impact pad, i.e. an article formed from refractory material to be placed on the floor of a tundish to receive an incoming stream of molten metal poured into the tundish from a ladle.
  • the invention has particular utility in the continuous casting of steel.
  • WO 96/14951 discloses a tundish impact pad comprising a body of refractory material capable of withstanding contact with molten steel in a tundish.
  • the impact pad body comprises a base having an impact surface, an outer sidewall extending upwardly from the impact surface, and a top surface connected to the sidewall and defining an opening therein.
  • the top surface has an inner annular portion substantially parallel to the impact surface, and there is a substantially right angled corner between the sidewall and the impact surface, and also between the sidewall and the inner annular portion of the top surface.
  • This impact pad provides increased residence time of the molten steel in the tundish, which is important to ensure that unwanted inclusions have sufficient time to float to the surface of the steel and to be removed.
  • WO 97/37799 discloses a tundish impact pad comprising a body of refractory material capable of withstanding contact with molten steel in a tundish.
  • the impact pad body comprises a base having an impact surface for molten steel, an outer sidewall extending upwardly from the impact surface and extending around the base to completely enclose it.
  • An annular body portion connected to the sidewall provides a top surface substantially parallel to the impact surface and defines an opening into which molten steel can be poured, the lower surface of the annular body portion and the inner face of the sidewall defining a recess having an undercut portion extending continuously around and above the impact surface.
  • a portion of the top surface is at a lower level than the remainder of the top surface and the recess beneath the portion of the top surface is of smaller cross-section than the remainder of the recess.
  • This impact pad is particularly useful for improving the flow characteristics in elongate tundishes in which the molten steel is poured into the tundish at an end of the tundish and the or each outlet for the steel is at the opposite end of the tundish.
  • the impact pad is oriented such that the lower level portion of the end wall is adjacent to the end wall next to the incoming stream of molten steel, so that the steel rebounding from the pad preferentially flows towards this end wall. This has the effect of markedly reducing the surface turbulence created in the tundish, and generally improving the flow paths, resulting in the production of cleaner steel.
  • the incoming stream of molten metal (the "ladle stream") to be "off-center", i.e. not located on the longitudinal axis of the tundish.
  • the ladle shroud the pipe through which in-coming metal flows from the ladle into the tundish
  • the ladle shroud normally moves together with a sliding gate valve which controls the flow of the metal from the ladle, and since the valve is frequently only partially open in order to limit the flow rate, the ladle shroud is frequently off-centre with respect to the tundish.
  • a tundish impact pad formed from refractory material comprising a base having an impact surface which in use faces upwardly to receive molten metal poured onto the impact pad, and a wall extending upwardly from the base around at least part of the periphery of the impact surface, the wall including an overhang projecting over a peripheral region of the impact surface, the overhang including a plurality of protrusions which project further over the impact surface than the remainder of the overhang.
  • the wall preferably extends around the entire periphery of the impact surface, fully enclosing the impact surface.
  • the invention provides a tundish containing an impact pad according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the tundish is preferably elongate in shape (i.e. in plan view), it preferably has outlets near each longitudinal end, and in use the incoming stream of molten metal, and thus the impact pad, are preferably located substantially in the longitudinal centre of the tundish.
  • the tundish preferably includes at least one dam extending across its width between the impact pad and an outlet.
  • the top surface of the dam preferably has a central portion (i.e. central with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tundish) which is lower than peripheral portions on each side of it. This generally aids in directing the flow of the molten metal towards the longitudinal axis of the tundish.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the provision of a plurality of protrusions which project further over the impact surface than the remainder of the overhang of the peripheral wall generally causes the molten metal rebounding from the impact surface to be directed substantially towards the centre of the impact pad. This generally has the effect of causing substantially symmetrical flow of the molten metal out of the impact pad, even if the metal flowing into the pad onto the impact surface is "off-centre", i.e. spaced a distance from the centre of the pad.
  • Such substantially symmetrical flow out of the impact pad generally causes symmetrical flow throughout the tundish, resulting in the reduction of so-called “dead zones" where the rate of flow of the molten metal is relatively low (causing poor replenishment of fresh metal and the possibility of solidification of the metal) and generally improving the consistency of residence time in the tundish experienced by the molten metal.
  • the impact surface of the pad preferably has at least two corners (e.g. four corners) over which a respective protrusion projects.
  • at least one (and preferably all) of the corners may be formed at the convergence of substantially straight sides of the impact surface.
  • the impact surface may be substantially polygonal, most preferably substantially quadrangular, especially substantially rectangular or square.
  • a protrusion preferably projects over each corner of a polygonal impact surface.
  • at least one protrusion (preferably two protrusions or more) may extend along at least most of the length of a respective side of the impact surface, and may even extend along substantially the entire length of a respective side of the impact surface.
  • the distance by which the overhang extending between two said protrusions projects over the impact surface is substantially uniform along at least most of its length.
  • the overhang extending between two protrusions may advantageously be substantially straight along at least most of its length.
  • the distance by which the overhang projects over the impact surface may be substantially non-uniform along at least most of its length, for example one or more of the overhang(s) extending between two protrusions may be curved in plan view, for example such that the or each overhang projects further over the impact surface at the centre of its length than it does at each end, or alternatively such that it projects further at each end than it does at its centre.
  • each overhang between protrusions may be varied according to each particular circumstance, e.g. depending upon the shape and/or size of the tundish, and/or the amount by which the incoming stream of molten metal is off-centre, or according to any other particular requirements of the user.
  • the maximum distance by which the or each protrusion of the impact pad projects over the impact surface is preferably at least 110%, more preferably at least 120%, even more preferably at least 140%, especially at least 150% of the maximum distance by which the remainder of the overhang projects over the impact surface.
  • the or each protrusion of the impact pad projects over the impact surface by a maximum distance preferably of no more than 600%, more preferably no more than 500%, especially no more than 450% of the maximum distance by which the remainder of the overhang projects over the impact surface.
  • the height of the overhang above the impact surface may be non-uniform along its length.
  • the height of the overhang extending between two of the protrusions is preferably different to that of the overhang extending between one of the two protrusions and another protrusion, or between two other protrusions.
  • at least one portion of the overhang which is lower than that of another portion of the overhang may project a greater distance over the impact surface than does the other, higher, portion of the overhang.
  • the peripheral region of the impact surface comprises a trough extending around at least part of a central region of the impact surface.
  • the trough is preferably wider at the corners than elsewhere.
  • the shape of the trough in plan view may substantially mirror that of the overhang of the wall.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tundish impact pad 1 according to the invention, comprising a base 3 having an impact surface 5 which in use faces upwardly to receive molten metal poured onto the impact pad, and a wall 7 extending upwardly from the base around the periphery of the impact surface, the wall including an overhang 9 projecting over a peripheral region 11 of the impact surface, the overhang including a plurality of protrusions 13 which project further over the impact surface than the remainder of the overhang.
  • the impact pad 1 is rectangular in plan view, both the base 3 and the impact surface 5 being rectangular in shape.
  • Each of the protrusions 13 is located at one of the four corners of the pad.
  • the overhang 9a is relatively small, and is substantially straight and uniform.
  • the overhang 9b is relatively large, and is curved in plan view. Furthermore, the overhangs 9b are at a lower level above the impact surface than are the overhangs 9a.
  • the peripheral region 11 of the impact surface comprises a trough, the shape of which substantially mirrors that of the entire overhang (9a, 9b, 13).
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the impact pad of Figure 1.
  • the extent of the overhangs 9b is clearly visible, as is the depth of the trough 11. It is also clear that the shorter walls 7b are perpendicular to the impact surface 5, and the overhangs 9b are perpendicular to the walls 7b.
  • the longer walls 7a are, however, inclined to the perpendicular, i.e. they slope outwardly from the impact surface to the overhangs 9a.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the asymmetric flow of molten metal in an elongate tundish from an off-centre ladle-shroud.
  • the tundish is shown in plan view, with the incoming ladle-stream of molten metal represented by a circle in the longitudinal centre of the tundish but off-centre in a transverse direction, i.e. closer to one longitudinal sidewall of the tundish than the other.
  • the tundish also contains a pair of dams 15 (containing holes to permit flow-through of the molten metal) on either longitudinal side of the tundish, and outlets indicated by circles at each end of the tundish.
  • the arrows indicate the flow paths of the molten metal; in part (a), the initial flow paths of metal entering the tundish are shown. (According to normal working practice, the tundish is already full of molten metal flowing through it - the flow paths shown merely indicate the predominant flow paths at various distances from the tundish.) Even at this early stage it can be seen that because the ladle-stream is off-centre, the flow is asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tundish. In part (b), the molten metal has begun to flow through the dams, and the asymmetry of the flow paths is even more apparent. In part (c), the molten metal has reached the outlets.
  • dead-zones where there is little or no flow of the molten metal during these steady-state conditions.
  • the presence of dead zones in a tundish is a major problem, since the metal cools in these regions and may start to solidify; they also cause variations in the composition of the metal flowing out of the tundish.
  • FIG 4 shows how the flow paths of the molten metal are changed by the use of an impact pad 1 according to the invention. Also present in the tundish of Figure 4 are dams 19 located closer to the outlets than the dams of Figure 3. These dams have a central portion 21 of their top surface which is lower than the peripheral portions 23 on either side of it.
  • FIG. 5 shows a front view and a cross-sectional view of a dam 19 (shown only schematically in Figure 4).
  • the dam has a bottom surface 25 and side surfaces 27 shaped and sized to fit tightly in a tundish across its width. Its top surface has a central portion 21 which is lower than peripheral portions 23 on either side of it. This has the effect of channelling molten metal flowing over the dam along a generally axial flow path in the tundish. It is therefore complementary to the impact pad, in causing symmetrical and/or axial flow of molten metal in the tundish.
  • the dam also has a plurality of holes 29 extending through it, to allow molten metal to flow through the dam in addition to the molten metal which can flow over the dam.
  • the holes 29 are inclined upwards in the direction of flow of the molten metal, so as to impart an upwardly directed flow path to the metal flowing through the holes.
  • the angle of inclination of the holes is preferably greater for the lower holes and preferably decreases on rising up the dam.
  • the lowest holes preferably have an angle of inclination of 40°, reducing to 30° and then 20° respectively for the higher holes.
  • the dimensions shown are in millimetres.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Dalle d'impact (1) de répartiteur de coulée formée en matériau réfractaire, la dalle d'impact comprenant une base (3) comportant une surface d'impact (5), qui, lors de l'utilisation, est orientée vers le haut de façon à recevoir du métal fondu versé sur la dalle d'impact, et une paroi (7) s'étendant vers le haut à partir de la base autour d'au moins une partie de la périphérie de la surface d'impact, la paroi comportant un surplomb (9) faisant saillie au-dessus d'une région périphérique de la surface d'impact, caractérisé en ce que le surplomb comprend une pluralité de saillies (13) qui font davantage saillie au-dessus de la surface d'impact que le reste du surplomb.
  2. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la surface d'impact (5) comporte au moins deux coins au-dessus desquels fait saillie une saillie respective (13).
  3. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle au moins l'un des coins est formé à la convergence de côtés sensiblement droits de la surface d'impact (5).
  4. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, dans laquelle la surface d'impact (5) est sensiblement polygonale.
  5. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle la surface d'impact (5) est sensiblement quadrilatérale, de préférence sensiblement rectangulaire ou carrée.
  6. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, dans laquelle une saillie (13) fait saillie au-dessus de chaque coin de la surface d'impact polygonale (5).
  7. Dalle d'impact selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la distance sur laquelle le surplomb (9a) s'étendant entre deux desdites saillies (13) fait saillie au-dessus de la surface d'impact (5) est sensiblement uniforme le long d'au moins la plus grande partie de sa longueur.
  8. Dalle d'impact selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le surplomb (9a) s'étendant entre deux ou lesdites deux desdites saillies est sensiblement droit le long d'au moins la plus grande partie de sa longueur.
  9. Dalle d'impact selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle la distance sur laquelle le surplomb (9a) s'étendant entre deux desdites saillies fait saillie au-dessus de la surface d'impact (5) est sensiblement non-uniforme le long d'au moins la plus grande partie de sa longueur.
  10. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle un ou plusieurs surplomb(s) (9a) s'étendant entre deux desdites saillies est courbe en vue en plan.
  11. Dalle d'impact selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la distance maximale sur laquelle la saillie ou chaque saillie (13) fait saillie au-dessus de la surface d'impact (5) est d'au moins 110% de la distance maximale sur laquelle le reste du surplomb (9) fait saillie au-dessus de la surface d'impact.
  12. Dalle d'impact selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la distance maximale sur laquelle la saillie ou chaque saillie (13) fait saillie au-dessus de la surface d'impact (5) n'est pas supérieure à 600% de la distance maximale sur laquelle le reste du surplomb (9) fait saillie au-dessus de la surface d'impact.
  13. Dalle d'impact selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la hauteur du surplomb (9) au-dessus de la surface d'impact est non-uniforme le long de sa longueur.
  14. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 13, comprenant au moins trois desdites saillies (13), la hauteur du surplomb (9a) s'étendant entre deux des saillies étant différente de celle du surplomb s'étendant entre l'une des deux saillies et une autre saillie, ou entre deux autres saillies.
  15. Dalle d'impact selon la revendication 13 ou la revendication 14, dans laquelle au moins une partie du surplomb (9b) qui est plus basse qu'une autre partie du surplomb (9a) fait saillie sur une plus grande distance au-dessus de la surface d'impact (5) que ne le fait l'autre partie, plus haute, du surplomb.
  16. Dalle d'impact selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la région périphérique de la surface d'impact (5) comprend une auge s'étendant autour d'au moins une partie d'une région centrale de la surface d'impact.
  17. Répartiteur de coulée contenant une dalle d'impact, caractérisé en ce que la dalle d'impact (1) est selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  18. Répartiteur de coulée selon la revendication 17, contenant également un ou plusieurs barrages (19) s'étendant en travers de sa largeur, le barrage ou chaque barrage comportant une surface supérieure avec une partie centrale (21) dont la hauteur est inférieure à celle de parties latéralement périphériques (23) de chaque côté de celle-ci.
EP00937013A 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Dalle d'impact pour repartiteur de coulee Expired - Lifetime EP1198315B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200030217T SI1198315T1 (en) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Impact pad for a tundish

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9913241 1999-06-08
GBGB9913241.7A GB9913241D0 (en) 1999-06-08 1999-06-08 Impact pad for tundish
PCT/GB2000/002070 WO2000074879A1 (fr) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Support d'impact pour panier de coulee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1198315A1 EP1198315A1 (fr) 2002-04-24
EP1198315B1 true EP1198315B1 (fr) 2003-10-01

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EP00937013A Expired - Lifetime EP1198315B1 (fr) 1999-06-08 2000-06-07 Dalle d'impact pour repartiteur de coulee

Country Status (27)

Country Link
US (2) US20020033567A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1198315B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4344107B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100619318B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1170647C (fr)
AR (1) AR024294A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE251000T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU770032B2 (fr)
BG (1) BG64341B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0011386A (fr)
CA (1) CA2375134A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ299614B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE60005674T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1198315T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2209900T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9913241D0 (fr)
HU (1) HU223442B1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01012073A (fr)
MY (1) MY125091A (fr)
PL (1) PL193912B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT1198315E (fr)
RS (1) RS49851B (fr)
SK (1) SK286467B6 (fr)
TR (1) TR200103534T2 (fr)
TW (1) TW509601B (fr)
WO (1) WO2000074879A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200109194B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2193861A1 (fr) 2008-12-02 2010-06-09 Foseco International Limited Dalle d'impact pour bassin répartiteur.

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ZA200206261B (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-04-07 Foseco Int Metallurgical impact pad.
DE10235867B3 (de) * 2002-08-05 2004-04-08 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co.Kg Feuerfestes keramisches Bauteil
US6929775B2 (en) * 2002-09-04 2005-08-16 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Tundish impact pad
US7468157B2 (en) * 2005-12-14 2008-12-23 North American Refractories Co. Impact pad for metallurgical vessels
JP5556421B2 (ja) * 2010-06-23 2014-07-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続鋳造による高清浄度鋼鋳片の製造方法
JP5556465B2 (ja) * 2010-07-15 2014-07-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続鋳造による高清浄度鋼鋳片の製造方法
SI2418032T1 (sl) * 2010-07-19 2013-02-28 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Ognjevzdržen keramičen udarni lonec
BRPI1002628A2 (pt) * 2010-07-27 2012-03-27 Magnesita Refratarios S A redutor de turbulência para uso em distribuidores de aço de lingotamento contìnuo
MX339761B (es) * 2011-06-14 2016-06-07 Vesuvius Crucible Co Almohadilla de impacto.
EP2537609A1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-26 Calderys Ukraine Ltd. Élément d'amortissement par écoulement de métal et diffuseur pour panier de coulée
CN103252465B (zh) * 2013-05-10 2015-07-29 东北大学 一种用于非对称连铸中间包的湍流控制器
DE102016214236A1 (de) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-08 Thyssenkrupp Ag Pralltopf, Vorrichtung zum Vergießen einer metallischen Schmelze sowie Verfahren zum Vergießen einer metallischen Schmelze
TWI739877B (zh) 2016-08-08 2021-09-21 美商維蘇威美國公司 衝擊墊及減少進入耐火容器的熔融鋼衝擊流之不對準的影響之方法
CN110814330A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-02-21 武汉科技大学 一种连铸中间包顶旋型湍流控制器
CN111570777B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2022-01-11 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 一种中间包稳流器
CN114406216B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2024-05-31 河北敬业高品钢科技有限公司 一种双辊薄带连铸布流器过渡装置及其建造方法

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JP4007429B2 (ja) * 1994-11-09 2007-11-14 フォセコ、インターナショナル、リミテッド タンディッシュの緩衝パッド及びタンディッシュ
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FR2756762B1 (fr) * 1996-12-11 1998-12-31 Ugine Savoie Sa Reservoir d'alimentation destine a retenir un metal fondu et notamment un acier

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2193861A1 (fr) 2008-12-02 2010-06-09 Foseco International Limited Dalle d'impact pour bassin répartiteur.
US8746516B2 (en) 2008-12-02 2014-06-10 Vesuvius Crucible Company Tundish impact pad

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Publication number Publication date
AR024294A1 (es) 2002-09-25
YU86201A (sh) 2003-04-30
CN1170647C (zh) 2004-10-13
DE60005674T2 (de) 2004-07-29
ES2209900T3 (es) 2004-07-01
US20040070123A1 (en) 2004-04-15
US20020033567A1 (en) 2002-03-21
CA2375134A1 (fr) 2000-12-14
EP1198315A1 (fr) 2002-04-24
CN1354703A (zh) 2002-06-19
AU770032B2 (en) 2004-02-12
HU223442B1 (hu) 2004-07-28
DK1198315T3 (da) 2004-01-12
JP2003501266A (ja) 2003-01-14
RS49851B (sr) 2008-08-07
TR200103534T2 (tr) 2002-04-22
MXPA01012073A (es) 2002-06-04
PL351868A1 (en) 2003-06-30
TW509601B (en) 2002-11-11
PL193912B1 (pl) 2007-03-30
GB9913241D0 (en) 1999-08-04
KR20010113834A (ko) 2001-12-28
ZA200109194B (en) 2003-01-29
SK16832001A3 (sk) 2002-03-05
HUP0201462A2 (en) 2002-08-28
PT1198315E (pt) 2004-01-30
DE60005674D1 (de) 2003-11-06
BG106187A (en) 2002-08-30
WO2000074879A1 (fr) 2000-12-14
BR0011386A (pt) 2002-03-05
JP4344107B2 (ja) 2009-10-14
BG64341B1 (bg) 2004-10-29
CZ20014350A3 (cs) 2002-08-14
SK286467B6 (sk) 2008-11-06
CZ299614B6 (cs) 2008-09-24
AU5230900A (en) 2000-12-28
KR100619318B1 (ko) 2006-09-05
ATE251000T1 (de) 2003-10-15
MY125091A (en) 2006-07-31

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