WO2000069757A1

WO2000069757A1 - Refuse collecting and transporting system

Info

Publication number: WO2000069757A1
Application number: PCT/DE2000/001472
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rolf Schiller
Original assignee: Rolf Schiller
Priority date: 1999-05-12
Filing date: 2000-05-11
Publication date: 2000-11-23
Also published as: EP1177145A1; DE50001279D1; ATE232825T1; DE10023026A1; EP1177145B1; AU5389100A

Abstract

The invention relates to a refuse collecting and transporting system comprising at least one side loading device for emptying single or multiple compartment refuse containers and comprising at least one fixed or exchangeable single or multiple compartment holding area container which has at least one force-actuated transporting means. Said transporting means actively deliver the refuse or fractions thereof, after they are emptied by a lifting/tilting device, to at least one holding area by means of another transporting device. This results in significantly shortening the working distance for the lifting/tipping device which serves to empty the refuse containers thus leading to improvements with regard to collection capacity and safety of the vehicle. The invention also relates to solutions for efficiently weighing refuse fractions, in particular, from multiple compartment refuse containers and to means which make it possible to empty refuse from holding areas more effectively.

Description

Garbage collection and transport system

The present document relates to a garbage collection and transport system using a garbage truck with one or at least two storage spaces for separate collection of different garbage fractions, a side loading device (lifting / tipping device) and in particular a feed device for feeding the garbage into the storage spaces, preferably by means of a Press-in or insertion device.

At the same time, a device is created that enables the weighing of different waste fractions from a multi-chamber waste container. Furthermore, the emptiness of storage spaces of refuse collection vehicles is improved.

State of the art:

Garbage trucks with a side loading device have the advantage that they shorten the distances from the location of the garbage bins on the roadside to the filling opening on the vehicle. Since a garbage truck empties between 600 and 1200 containers a day, every second saved is of economic importance. Furthermore, they can be well equipped with a gripper arm, which can also be controlled from the driver's cab, so that manual work for the garbage worker can be omitted, particularly in areas with a low waste container density (rural regions). The driver then operates the filling with the grab arm using the joystick. Multi-chamber garbage trucks are of increasing importance, in particular due to DE 15 58 433 in connection with multi-chamber garbage containers, since they save complete collection tours and loading effort. Vehicles with storage spaces lying next to each other in the direction of travel have the disadvantage that they often have poor driving behavior due to uneven loading, for example even after partial unloading, and the dimensions of the individual storage spaces do not meet the usual dimensions for exchanging the storage spaces as containers for long-distance transport . However, they have a lower loading edge compared to horizontal dividers and thus save time when filling the garbage. Reference is made to the publication of the inventor in issue 5/1999, page 293-300 of the magazine "Rubbish and Waste" and issue 5/99 of the "Environmental Magazine" on the problem of the use of refuse vehicles of various types.

In the AU -B-34856/93 and AU -B-75997/94, side loaders with side-by-side storage spaces are shown, in which the garbage slides from top to bottom over an inclined baffle that can be rotated about a lower axis and either in the chamber facing away from the fill or into the chamber facing it. If the waste fractions are to be introduced into two chambers one above the other, a downstream conveyor belt is provided for this purpose, which transports the waste into the upper chamber. This device, which is known per se (EP 0 220 483), is on the one hand susceptible to malfunctions, for example due to inserted tapes, wires etc., but on the other hand this version takes up a lot of space and reduces the economy of such a vehicle due to the reduced transport volume. The construction hardly allows the garbage to be filled in in order to shorten the filling time significantly. There is also no proposed solution as to how several storage spaces lying next to or on top of one another can be filled. US 5,931,628 shows one possibility for a somewhat reduced filling height. Here, a reduction in the distance for lifting the garbage by a gripping device (lifting / tipping device) in a side loader is brought about by the fact that the press channel behind the loading device transports the garbage from a height below the chassis over the chassis because it rises slightly . Larger height differences cannot be realized with this.

The garbage is only introduced on the underside of a storage space, so that its filling is not optimal.

EP 0 314 238 shows a horizontally divided rear loader, in which the waste has to be lifted into the upper chamber above the upper edge of a slide for emptying. Again, this is disadvantageous because of the long travel of the bed, since it has a negative effect on the cycle time (17 sec) of the bed. A lifting / tilting device with an insertion device according to EP 0 759 880, on the other hand, works with a cycle time of approx. 10-12 seconds because the pouring edge is significantly lower. If this insertion device were now intended for a side loader, it can be moved in parallel in front of the storage space and behind the driver's cab. However, it is then not suitable for a double bed (i.e. beds lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle), because two such insertion devices would have to be installed one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, which can interfere with one another in their function. In addition, a side loader storage space would be filled poorly, because the flaps only work crossways and may only be narrow for reasons of volume.

DE 41 21 442 shows a vertically divided refuse collection vehicle with a rear loading device, in which for the first time the partition is used exclusively for the use of a multi-chamber refuse container the emptying no longer has to match the partition in the vehicle. The devices of the cited documents are only suitable for a side loader to a limited extent and cannot be used universally with regard to the waste containers to be used.

EP 0 220 483 shows a transversely divided, rear-loading refuse collection vehicle with an intermediate trough into which the refuse can be emptied in a deep position separately from various fractions from multi-chamber refuse containers. The lifting / tilting device required for emptying is attached to the intermediate container, whereby the work flow of the garbage workers is interrupted when the intermediate container is emptied. A waste fraction is then transported via a conveyor belt to a storage space which is arranged behind another storage space. This arrangement is not suitable for fast side loaders and has the disadvantage of increased space requirements and susceptibility to failure of the belt.

In the case of side loaders, it is particularly important to have a loading system that is as far as possible not significantly longer than the width of the waste containers to be emptied, because otherwise the volume of the storage space becomes too small. It should also be noted that the pouring edge for the household waste containers is as low as possible in order to achieve short pouring cycle times and good work safety. Today's side loaders have a filling bottom edge height of approx. 2.7 m, so that people are tempted to walk below during the emptying process, where they are threatened by falling vessels. In addition, the emptying process is easier to monitor at a lower level.

Another problem of all multi-chamber vehicles when using multi-chamber garbage containers is that the garbage in its various fractions is determined without any loss of time in order to determine household-related garbage fees fractional should be weighable. Today, this is only possible by first weighing the entire contents of the waste container, partially emptying it while keeping a chamber closed, and repeating the weighing process - after lowering and restarting by the pouring device, etc. This is very time-consuming. There is also a problem with storage space containers in general - and in particular with two-chamber vehicles - in that, depending on the degree of filling or material pressure, they can only be emptied with difficulty simply by tipping over (ie from the inclined position). Their height and thus their usable volume is limited by approval regulations for road traffic (in Germany a maximum of 4 m without a special permit), which is why certain fractions are compacted for economical collection and transport in the storage space, so that they hang in the storage space due to their expansion forces acting transversely to the direction of pouring " stay.

Task:

A feed device for introducing garbage into the vehicle for mono storage spaces, as well as storage spaces lying one above the other and next to one another, is to be provided which optimally fulfills the above requirements with regard to time saving and universality, which is particularly suitable for a side loader which is of simple construction, works reliably and gfls. a good compression of the garbage in the storage space. At the same time, this device should take up little space, function safely and be of simple construction. For "horizontal dividers", ie storage compartments lying one above the other, it is necessary to find a space-saving and reliably working device which, if possible, should also be suitable for a plurality of storage compartments arranged one above the other. In the case of "vertical dividers", that is to say storage spaces lying next to one another in the direction of travel, are likewise Find solutions for multiple storage spaces. Furthermore, the loading system should also allow the use of differently designed storage spaces (divided, undivided or designed as containers one above the other or side by side) on the vehicle in order to be able to use a change system in a modular system for different purposes if possible, because this minimizes the costs of production and spare parts. At the same time, it must be able to meet the different requirements for storage space in terms of time and location without further changes to the loading plant. The device is also intended to reduce the transport routes for a lifting / tilting device in order to achieve a high container loading capacity. In addition, it would be advantageous if the feed device enables a double bed, with which two garbage containers can be emptied independently of one another.

Furthermore, a loading plant should get by with as few moving parts as possible, reliably ensure waste transport and with other gfls. necessary components such as press rams or the like can play together optimally. It should also be suitable for emptying and weighing individual garbage fractions, although it should not take any particular time to stop the garbage workers at work.

Regarding the storage spaces, there are ways to be able to empty them reliably even without power-driven extrusion plates - which require a strong drive - for example, only by opening and tilting. Most interchangeable systems work without a compaction label in the container, which could also serve to push the materials out of the storage compartments. (See the corresponding explanations in WO 97/35787 for integrating this problem area). This is particularly the case with the side loaders. With increasing ratio of the circumference of the container cross-section to cross-sectional area and with increasing length, the also increases Influence of wall friction when emptying pressed-in material. Therefore - and depending on the filling, expansion behavior of the material due to compression (in particular a paper fraction is highly compressed, less that from other packaging materials, which would otherwise be more difficult to sort) - it may be that the container at its (usually rear) end is not can empty more by tipping. Since container-internal, power-operated means for emptying are expensive and require more handling effort by connecting and terminating the energy supply in swap bodies or in the external actuation of pressure shields, a further object of the invention is to find suitable means to make storage spaces easier - in particular in an inclined position ( Tilt) - especially to be able to empty through the end of the container if the material tends to expand and is highly compressed.

Solution: The complete solution of the task consists in a feeder device according to claims 1, 6, 16, 19 and 20. The further claims provide information on advantageous developments of the invention. The advantage of the inventive system of active means of transport as a feeder device and subsequent transport device for introducing the garbage into the storage space is that it optimally fulfills the criteria set out above. Thanks to its active, power-operated lifting or transport function, the means of transport largely shortens the route for the filling, which benefits the daily performance of the entire vehicle and, due to the low loading height, enables better accident safety. After the garbage has been emptied deep down, it enables the garbage to be transported further, regardless of the bulk process, both to a greater height and to a greater distance from the filling opening compared to a slide. The garbage collector continues to work during the transport process. Is the means of transport for a laterally attached double bed in the longitudinal direction of the Vehicle arranged one behind the other, it can achieve additional high loading capacities due to the mutually independent functioning and the subsequent undisturbed introduction of the garbage into the individual storage spaces by means of a transport device such as a press channel, walking or scraper floor, feed channel or the like. The transport device is largely located behind or below the above-mentioned (intermediate) means of transport and thus requires little space, which benefits the volume of the storage spaces. By attaching the feed device between the storage space and the driver's cab, the storage space has system dimensions that are required for a swap body. In addition, the means of transport is basically simply constructed with only a few moving parts and can consist of a shovel, a plate or a simple container or the like, which can be moved in a power-operated manner. It is universally suitable for both mono storage spaces and a large number of storage spaces.

With regard to waste weighing, the advantage is that the invention allows for the first time the determination of the weight of the waste in fractions, without extending the working time of the lifting / tipping device for the measurement of several fractions, but also that when using one type Intermediate containers or the inventive loading device can also take place at rest and can thus be designed in a technically simpler, cheaper and more reliable manner than with a dynamic weighing device on a bed.

With regard to the emptying aid for fixed and exchangeable storage space containers, the advantage is that these containers can now be easily emptied by tilting, even without power-operated aids such as squeeze plates. Actuators such as locking hooks, bolts and the like with gfls. extended operating levers allow easy operation. Examples:

FIG. 1 shows an example of an inventive system consisting of a feed device (4) with transport means (6) on a vehicle, not shown, in front of a divided storage space container (1) with the storage spaces (la, lb) lying one above the other in the vehicle longitudinal direction (arrow X). , Insertion openings (2a, b) for two refuse fractions (A, bottom and B, top) and closure devices (here slide 3a, 3b) for the storage spaces and an integrated transport device (8, 10, 11) underneath. The feed device (4) has a feeder shovel (6) as a means of transport which can be pivoted upwards about an axis (7) into position 6 "and thus also serves as a lifting device for the refuse.

In the event that a waste fraction A is to be introduced into the lower storage space (la), the procedure is, for example, as follows: Before filling the waste A into the feeder device (4), the feeder shovel (6) is used as a means of transport so far into the upper one Position (6 ") that the waste A falls through the opening (5) onto the (here cylinder segment-like) bottom of the feeder device (4). Subsequently, when the waste container leaves the opening (5), the feeder shovel (6) moves in an approximately vertical position (arrow 6 "") downwards and transports the garbage A on its rear side into the opening (9a) of the press-in channel (8a), where a garbage A is then transported by a press plate (10a) and hydraulic cylinder (11a) through the press or feed channel (8a) into the lower storage space (la) through the filling opening (2a), in order to allow the garbage A to escape from the opening (9a) behind the feeder shovel if necessary to prevent el located feed channel (8a) during the subsequent pressing in of the waste to the opening (2a) of the storage space (la) either the feeder blade in the appropriate position serves as a closure for the opening of the press channel (9a), or the channel is temporarily closed during the pressing process by means of a slide (not shown). Correspondingly, the opening 9b of the upper feed channel can also be designed to be closable.

The feeder device (4) also serves to hold a refuse fraction (here B) which, via the opening (5) of the feeder device (4) into the feeder shovel (6, lower position) by a lifting / tipping device (not shown) from a household waste container (16 ) is filled and between the side walls (4.1, 4.2) of the feeder device (4.) on the feeder bucket (6) by rotation about the axis (7) to a press-in channel (8b) through one on the top of the press channel (8b) Opening (9b) arrives (emptying position 6 "of the feeder shovel).

If necessary, the garbage A or B is passed through the press channel (8a, 8b) by means of a press plate (10a, 10b) in the direction of the arrow via a hydraulic cylinder (11a, 11b) through the storage container opening (2b) into the storage space (la, lb) introduced. If it is designed as an individual swap body, it can be closed with the lock (3a, 3b) with drive (3.1b) and exchanged for an empty one. In the case of a divided storage space, this has corresponding openings (2a, 3a) for the partial storage spaces (la, lb). Different variants of storage spaces and their handling are described in DE 198 48 698.7 and DE 199 16 948.9, which can be used here.

In the case of removable storage spaces (swap bodies) it is also possible with this feeder device to use a separate storage space in addition to divided or separate storage spaces if the vehicle is in the meantime for one undivided material collection, for example in densely populated areas. The arrangement of the storage space opening (s) (2a, 2b) must then correspond to the arrangement at the container-side mouth of the feed channel or feed channels (8a, b). If one uses spaced-apart storage space openings, a more uniform compression is achieved in the storage space.

FIG. 2 shows in another version the means of transport for waste types (A, B) to the transport devices (feed channels 8a, 8b). Here is the means of transport as a feeder shovel

(6) with a closable bottom opening (13.1). The garbage A can then fall down to the opening 9a of the feed channel (8a) through an opening (13.1) in the feeder shovel (6) which can be closed by means of a slide (13, opened 13 ") (or through a feeder plate, analogously to FIGS. 3 and 4) with slide similar to Fig. 2), so that the outer end of the feeder device does not have to be raised to a level in the area above the filling opening (5) if a fraction is to be poured down. The slide (13) becomes after loading the garbage is closed through its opening (13.1) in the feeder scoop (6). It then swivels downward about the axis of rotation (7) as described above and presses the garbage A on its underside through the opening (9a) into the feed channel ( 8a) and thus actively from the filling side of the refuse to a more distant position. To pick up refuse B for the upper storage space chamber (lb) or the feed channel (8b), the slide (13) remains closed, the transport means (6) takes the M. up as described and transports it over the axis

(7) to the feed channel (8b). This version saves travels for the means of transport (6) and thus time in the positioning to be carried out depending on the type of waste. The waste workers can then work even faster with the lifting / tipping device. Of course, the garbage can also be placed in superimposed feed channels (e.g. according to FIG. 6) be granted. It is state of the art to provide means for recognizing the various waste containers and fractions. Accordingly, the positioning of the means of transport and the further material guidance can also take place automatically.

FIG. 3 shows a further version of the means of transport. It consists of two parts - especially for the rapid transport of two waste fractions (A, B) when using Mekam-2 vessels (these are multi-chamber vessels with a partition parallel to the lid axis (axis see FIG. 4, item E, however, partition at right angles) of the waste container (16)): In the filling position, both feeder leaves of the feeder device are brought into position against the partition wall of the waste container in a known manner, so that one fraction (B) of the waste comes to lie on top and the other (A) falls down into the (cylinder segment-shaped) housing (15) (see FIG. 7). The upper feeder sheet then transports the fraction B to the press-in channel 8b in the manner described, the lower one the fraction A to the channel opening 8a. So that no garbage falls out of the filler opening (5) of the feeder device (4) when lifting the transport means (6) designed as the feeder sheet, the filler opening (5) is adjusted by means of a cylinder segment-shaped sliding cover (item 6) that is adapted to the outer radius of the sheet (6). 5.1 in FIG. 7 and upper arrow). The lower sheet acts as described above for the further transport of the lower fraction.

For the emptying of mono waste containers (i.e. those without a partition) with different waste fractions A or B, the execution according to FIG. 3 the divided

Feeding blades are positioned and moved as lying directly next to one another about the axis (7) in a corresponding manner described above (below or above). In the case of feeder devices (4), for example with a simple feeder plate (6), the use of a Mekam-2 waste container and a Mekam-1 container ("right / left" divided, see FIG. 4, item 16 and DE 15 58 433 ) in question. In the latter case, the container partition is positioned against a partition by two feeder devices lying directly next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle (for example, shown in FIG. 4 with different positions of the loading buckets, the inner cheeks of the blades form the partition). Or two adjacent transport means ((6) such as containers, plates etc.) separated by a cheek or wall are brought to cover, which are placed in corresponding positions for the filling of the types of waste A and B, so that the different types of waste ( A, B) fall on or behind the feeder shovel (6) or the feeder plate (6) and are correspondingly transported further into the transport device. Furthermore, a shovel with a partition (FIG. 5) and a throwing device (13) for Mekam-1 containers can be used.

With Mekam2 containers it is also possible to position an undivided feeder sheet according to EP 0 759 880 opposite the partition of the container (see FIG. 7) and then, as described, to introduce the fraction B poured onto the feeder sheet into the feed channels initially upwards - for the feed channel 8b - and then down for fraction A - into channel 8a. Furthermore, blades are possible which are flatter to form a more precise partition position on the vehicle side.

For a double bed - ie with two lifting / tipping devices, which should be suitable for different materials (A, B) independently of one another - for simultaneous independent emptying, in particular of two mono waste containers, the means of transport is arranged twice and one behind the other in the vehicle longitudinal direction (X). The Transport device, for example from a feed or press unit with press sheets (10a, b) is largely below the two feeder devices (4). Separate or common feed channels can be provided for the respective feeder device (4). The drawer length of the hydraulic cylinders must be provided according to the distances that have to be covered when transporting the waste to the storage space. It is also possible, as previously described, to mount two feeder blades (6) directly in the axial direction - that is to say without a separating housing - and to empty the waste containers (16) in, under or through the respective means of transport.

Since the achievable distance of the means of transport (6) to the subsequent transport device (8, 10, 11) is limited by the radius of the feeder blade or the feeder blade, it can be of particular interest for the arrangement in the higher-level storage spaces that the axis of rotation of the Feeder shovel or plate or the entire feeder device is designed to be movable in the vertical. This is shown by arrow Z in FIG. 3. For this purpose, the corresponding feeder element is displaced by means of a vertical guide, so that the corresponding press-in channels with their openings can be reached appropriately. The dimensions of the feeder housing must be designed accordingly and the filler opening must be closed when moving upwards.

FIG. 4 shows a version in which the waste fractions - whether from a multi-chamber waste container, as shown, or from mono-bins - can also be loaded with this transport device into vertically divided storage spaces (partition 17) one behind the other in the X direction, by one Fraction is again transported through the transport means to a point further away from the filling opening. The feed channels (8a, 8b) take the in a known manner Types of waste (A, B) and lie next to each other for this purpose. The garbage fractions are then cleared into the storage compartments (la, lb) with a feeder device as described.

FIG. 5 shows a further version for the simultaneous intake of two waste fractions (A, B) with only one feeder shovel (6) as a means of transport. This is equipped with two chambers (6a, b), which are formed by a partition (12). The position of the feeder bucket is in the lower, receiving position when filling. The garbage B can then be transported upwards / backwards into the press channel 8b as described above and the garbage A can be transported downwards / backwards as described above by using a slide (FIG. 2, item 13) or a flap on the back of the scoop (FIG. 5, item 13) is opened when the bucket (6) is in the forward / upward inclined position. The waste then falls through the opening on the back of the bucket, which is then e.g. closed by a hydraulic system and - as described above - the garbage A is transported through the closed rear side to the feed channel (8a) through the opening (9a), from where it accordingly arrives in the lower storage space.

FIG. 6 schematically shows an advantageous arrangement of feed devices (channels 8a, 8b) to the storage spaces. They are offset from each other, both laterally and in height, and can thus serve both to supply storage space that is divided vertically and horizontally (dividing lines indicated by dash-dotted lines). This is important for a universal container change, but also for series production.

The execution according to FIG. Depending on the arrangement of the position of the feed vanes (6) or the opening of any slides (13) and the arrangement of the feed channels (8), 1 to 7 enable both the loading of excess and of adjacent storage spaces or a variant thereof.

In order to achieve the greatest possible freedom in the arrangement of the filling openings of the storage space (1) or of the storage spaces (la, lb), it is advantageous to arrange the device for introducing the garbage into the storage space on the movable, power-operated means of transport (6, 6.8 ) to attach, so that it does not have to work stationary. This device can, as mentioned, e.g. B. be integrated by pressing plates, but also simply by an inclined container bottom. Advantageously, the transport means (6, 6.8) is then attached to the storage container, for example, particularly when using power-operated insertion means or a loading device such as pressing plates (10a, 10) and with removable storage spaces (e.g. by means of releasable closures such as bolts, hooks, etc.) , so that a fixed counter bearing location on the chassis for holding the means of transport can be omitted.

The actuation of the loading shovels on the axle (7) is not shown in the figures. It is preferably carried out using known hydraulic cylinders, which are preferably mounted in a space-saving manner on the side opposite the filling opening. So the loading station is optimally slim and allows the use of longest possible storage spaces.

FIG. 8 schematically shows a further variant of an inventive feeder device (4), which is also suitable in a simple manner for the collection of up to four (A, B, C, D) or more waste components. For simplification, the storage spaces located behind the feeder device are not shown - and only three of the four possible here are shown of the press plates (10a, 10b, 10c). In this variant, the feeder bucket can be replaced by a simple carrier or collecting device, for example a flat plate, similar to FIG. 3 or 7, replaced, but this is not a double sheet. This device (6.8) can be height-adjustable in a shaft as described above (see arrow Z) or can also be moved to the side (arrow X) and thus lead the garbage to positions for storage space openings which are at a greater distance from one another or next to one another for different storage space openings lie. This variant is indicated by arrows (Z in height, X in width).

If the means of transport (6.8) is only in a single feed shaft (19), the right shaft wall (19r) is advantageously designed as a closed plate without an opening. In the case of a further shaft (20) lying next to it, the transport means (6.8) is designed, for example, to be rotatable about an axis (7) and transports the waste into the secondary shaft (20) by means of a rotary movement. In the example, the individual fractions are transported as follows: In the left shaft (19), fraction A is loaded downwards by the transport means (6.8, a flap) being in a vertical position when emptying the refuse container (16). Fraction A falls through the opening, which releases the folded-up means of transport (6.8), into the lower part of the shaft (19) and is there also from another transport device (press plate with press channel or from a belt, scraper or walking floor, rubble channel, also integrated as a sloping floor in the means of transport or the like.) transported into the storage space chamber of the garbage truck, not shown. The flap (6.8) remains in a horizontal position for the introduction of fraction B and thus forms a bottom. The opening (18) in the partition (19r) is closed smoothly by a slide (not shown), whereupon the garbage correspondingly arrives at storage space B of the garbage container with a further transport device assigned to this shaft segment. The flap (6.8) is again horizontal for emptying fraction C or D. Position, the opening (18) remains open. The flap then turns to an upper position (dashed line, 6.8 ") and throws the garbage to the right" behind "in the manner described above. For the introduction of fraction D, there is another shaft (20) located behind it Flap is provided in a vertical position (6.8 ""). The fraction thus falls into the lower section of the shaft 20 and is transported from there again by way of example to the associated storage space with a press sign (lOd). The right flap remains for the transport of the waste fraction C. (6.8) closed so that the garbage lying on it can be returned to the correct storage space, the flap (6.8) closing the opening (18) flush in the left-hand shaft wall as seen from the shaft 20. The distance shown in FIG (a) between the feeder device (6.8) and the front edge of the housing is kept to a minimum in order to avoid dead spaces in which rubbish could be deposited.

If three fractions are collected, the right shaft (20) can be designed in such a way that the waste (C) either gets onto a floor to the right of the axis of rotation (7) or without this floor directly onto the lower floor plate (21). On the right for more fractions, in addition to the second feeder device (= lifting flap), further feeder shafts of corresponding design can be connected according to the same flap principle, indicated here with a thick line / dot / dot line. For this purpose, the right feeder device with the garbage on it is moved about an axis 7 "". It is only necessary to ensure that the position of the feeder device which is rotatable about the axes (7) is brought into a sensible position.

If you are only working with a horizontally (X-direction) feeder device with flaps lying next to each other, it is advisable not to use the spaces underneath the flaps for small waste items that fall through to be completely eliminated, but to be designed as narrow, emptying sumps.

However, it is also possible to arrange feeder devices with feeder blades (6, examples in FIG. 1) in a row in order to load several fractions in the X direction or at an angle upwards. It is important to ensure that the loading shovels are arranged and clocked in such a way that they do not interfere with each other and that they properly absorb the waste fractions.

An advantage of the flat, flat transport means (flaps) is that it allows the transport of the waste fractions (A, B, C, D ...) into the storage spaces by pressing plates (10a, 10b, 10c, lOd, ...) , because in the horizontal position it has no side walls which would constitute an obstacle if a press plate conveys the garbage (B, C) lying on it through the injection channels (8a, 8b etc.) or across the shaft into the storage spaces.

It is also possible to put the garbage on a

Feeder device in the shaft around it (the same applies to the feeder device (4) in FIG. 1) to such an extent that it can be lifted. through a slide channel - even without a press plate by means of a slope or then directly to the storage space.

FIG. 9a shows a further version of a means of transport which is designed as a U-shaped trough in a housing (not shown) and is displaceable in the Z and / or X direction. This makes it possible to transport the garbage in a kind of feed trough. The drive is preferably hydraulically and automatically controlled. The tub is advantageously designed so that it is open in the direction of the working movement of the press plates (10) Adapts contour of these press plates and fits tightly on the front and rear side walls of a feeder shaft.

Fig. 9b shows an example of the means of transport (6) of a feeder device (4), which as a container (here for emptying by means of sloping floor (4.1), which acts as a further transport device) in a guide frame (4.2) via drive means such as a hydraulic system, not shown a lower to a filling position (shown in dash / dot lines), at the opening of a storage space (2a), is movable. The path of the guide frame (4.2) also leads inwards transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The means of transport (6) is also provided with a closure slide (13, 13 ") attached to a holder (13.2, 13.2"), with hydraulic actuation (13.3, 13.3 ") and an opening (13.1, 13.1") and only takes in the example a sort of garbage. The means of transport can be lowered to such an extent that it partially reaches below the height of the vehicle chassis (20) or a vehicle swap body.

It is advantageous here that the paths for the lifting / tilting device (4.3) are kept short and even that the transport means (6) are manually loaded, e.g. for garbage bags without effort. The volume of the means of transport (6) is advantageously chosen so that it picks up the filling of a plurality of garbage containers (16) or a plurality of garbage bags before it is emptied into the storage space or the storage spaces in its upper position.

The break lines (4.5) indicate that in addition to the feeder device shown, there may be another one, which is advantageously emptied into the storage space chamber (s) in a known manner via known press channels. Of course, both transport means (6) can also be designed for emptying into press channels, for example via bottom openings. The storage space (1) is designed, for example, as a known rotary drum. Household waste containers (16) are emptied into the transport means in their lower position (6) with a lifting and tipping device (4.3), here with a comb strip (4.4).

Instead of the guide frame (4.2), the means of transport (6) can also be moved using movable brackets such as

Hydraulic devices, guide arms or the like are guided. This has the additional advantage that it can be moved further out of the vehicle profile and towards the refuse containers in the lower, the refuse-receiving position after the vehicle has stopped, in order to further shorten the loading paths.

To accommodate several types of waste, in particular from Mekam-2 containers, the means of transport can be designed as a multi-chamber container with one behind the other (transverse to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle). The storage space openings are to be adapted accordingly to the openings of the means of transport.

In a further version, the transport means (6) can be designed as a kind of segmented drum (according to a turret principle), the garbage being filled in on the outer jacket and then being passed on to the respective transport device or storage space opening by rotating the drum.

If the refuse is transported further from the transport means (= feeder device to the transport device) by means of a press ram, which can be attached to the vehicle in a stationary manner or can be attached to the transport means so that it can be moved, the transport means accordingly has suitable, possibly closable openings for the press plates. It is also possible to empty the transport means in a known manner by means of one (or more), usually hydraulically actuated feeder scoop, which is attached to the opening side of the storage spaces and which serves as a transport device by moving it into the transport means in a raised position, lowering it and moving it Pushes garbage into the storage space. As is known, this feeder scoop can also serve as a closure of the storage space. Such a device is particularly space-saving.

Depending on the end position of the means of transport and the downstream transport devices, more than two storage space chambers can generally be operated.

If the supply of the waste is effected via a feed device with a movable housing or a movable means of transport which is designed as a container, it is advantageous to attach the lifting / tilting or gripping device for the waste containers independently thereof, for example on the chassis. As a result, there is no mutual interference in the movement sequence, which benefits the handling of the waste containers (16) during the feed process. Of course, the movements of the lifting / tipping device and the means of transport must be coordinated with one another in order to ensure safe emptying of the waste containers. Advantageously, the means of transport is moved to the opening of the storage space and back, while the lifting / tilting device resets the container and detects a new one and brings it to the vehicle. If the filling position of the means of transport has not yet been reached when the refuse container arrives, the lifting / tilting device is either blocked until the end position of the means of transport has been established, or the gripper coordinates to the (best then stationary) path position of the means of transport. In general, it is advantageous to start transporting the waste (A, B) with the transport means (6) in the feeder device (4) when the lifting / tilting device begins to move in a movement from the filling opening (5). This can also be automated.

When the feeder elements are coordinated, the entire facility is suitable both for the precise introduction of various refuse fractions into storage spaces which are divided horizontally or vertically or both horizontally and vertically. Furthermore, the active feeder device can also be used for a mono storage space and for the collection of only one type of waste. If it is used exclusively for this purpose, it also enables the use of a low-lying pouring edge for the waste containers and thus shorter cycle times of the pouring device compared to previous designs. The means of transport can initially only be used for a mono vehicle, which can later be expanded into a multi-chamber vehicle, which is important with regard to the decision to purchase a vehicle.

The attachment of the feeder device (4) or the means of transport (6) behind the driver's cab and in front of the storage space container advantageously enables the construction of an overall unit (modular principle) which can also be easily mounted on the chassis. In contrast to known receptacle devices attached to the storage space sides, lifting / tilting devices can also be used here - also in an automated manner - and the volume loss of the storage spaces is low.

It is also possible, as shown in FIG. 9b, to build a side loader with this active transport means with a rotating drum (round arrow) rotating about its longitudinal axis as storage space, so that gfls. also different factions can be loaded into the drum (for example also radially segmented or concentrically divided) by means of a lifting means operating transversely to it. For the loading of several fractions, the storage drum behind the transport means (6) is brought into its correct filling compartment position by rotation. As usual, the drum in the filling area can be provided with crushing bars on the inside, for example to shred residual waste and organic waste. If it is rotated, the garbage is compacted in a known manner by rearranging and falling. The storage drum is preferably emptied on the opposite side at the rear with individual doors per segment that are locked open. The drum is emptied in a known manner by rotation with the coils by means of known webs in the interior of the container which are wound towards the exit. Such a rotary drum sideloader vehicle does not necessarily require a tilting device of the vehicle bridge for emptying. Of course, these storage space drums can also be designed to be interchangeable for long-distance transport on swap bodies.

The means of transport - or an intermediate container after the means of transport - can also be used as a weighing device for the garbage or its fractions, in particular if a smoothly working loading shovel or a container (FIG. 9b) is used. Here, the (partial) amount of waste filled into the loading device is weighed in a known manner. When using multi-chamber waste containers, the entire waste container can be weighed in the usual manner during its upward movement in the lifting / tilting device, after which a partial content is weighed in the means of transport or an intermediate container. Weighing devices on lifting and tipping devices for determining the weight of waste are known. The different weights of the fractions can now either be measured from the total weight of the bed minus the weight of the partial flow measurement in one or more Determine "intermediate containers", but also only statically after pouring them into the intermediate containers. The latter is technically simpler, since the weighing devices on the lifting / tilting device have to work dynamically during the lifting process and require enormous technical effort due to the travel path, the acceleration and vibrations due to the lifting process, while the measurement preferably takes place in the proposed intermediate container (s) ( n) or feed devices can be made statically much easier. The weighing process takes a very short time and does not interfere with the garbage loading process.

In FIG. 1 shows that a weighing container mentioned can also represent a separate part, for example a cover of a transport channel, which then e.g. is mounted on springs (18). Is there more vertical space available, e.g. also by vertical movement of the guide device, a larger intermediate container with a closable bottom provided above the press channel can also temporarily accommodate the fraction for weighing before it is dropped through the bottom into the press channel from above. This is shown in FIG. 4 indicated with a sketch (dash / dot / dot / dash). Of course, there is also the possibility of weighing in other means of transport, which are shown, for example, in FIGS. 9a and 9b.

According to the invention, the solution to the emptying problem of garbage storage spaces is to provide means for relieving the transverse forces on the container by opening at least one wall which does not represent the emptying opening (ie a relief device).

FIG. 10 shows an example of such a device, in which the emptying opening (34) is not to be enlarged for the sake of adaptation to other takeover systems: Here is the Top of the storage space container (30) for emptying the filling material (not shown) through the container opening (34) from two ceiling parts (31a, 31b), which are moved up or released (arrows 35a, 35b), so that the container cross-section is in this area is enlarged and there is a reduction in the frictional forces as a result of the relief occurring. This makes it easier to pour out the waste fraction. The container advantageously has cheeks (32a, 32b) on the sides of the individual lids (31a, 31b) so that no garbage can fall out laterally when the partial lids open. The length of the covers can be different. In particular, it is advantageous to generate a greater relief by a steeper angle (here: angle b greater angle a) in the area of the greatest transverse forces (ie mostly on the press-in side). If the storage space is opened and tipped for emptying, the weight of the garbage, which is now relaxed, pushes the load outwards better.

FIG. 11 shows a version in which the container lid (31), here guided by columns (35), against tilting in guide bushes (36), opens parallel to its closed position.

FIG. FIG. 12 shows a further example in which the entire container lid (31) is opened at the end in order to achieve a large outlet opening (34). The lids close again automatically due to gravity after emptying and can be closed by bolts or the like so that they do not expand when the material is pressed in.

Of course, it is also possible to apply these principles to the sides of the container or to the bottom of the container. The height of the opening of the individual covers (31a, 31b) can be determined by stops or mutual safety devices (eg bolts on one Cover or one side that run in eyelets of the other cover or the other side, chains, etc.) are limited. In order to maintain the necessary stability for the container, guides can be provided which counteract an outward movement of other sides (see, for example, FIG. 11, items 35 and 36).

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown or described, but encompasses all professional variants within the scope of the property right claims.

Claims

Claims:

1. Garbage collection and transport system using a garbage truck designed as a side loader with a lifting and tipping device on the side of the vehicle with at least one storage space container (l) for receiving at least one waste material (A, B, C, D) from a mono- or multi-chamber Garbage container (16), the garbage truck having a feed device (4) for emptying the garbage container (16) and the garbage being led out of the garbage container (16) by means of a transport device arranged in the feed device (4), characterized in that at least an opening (5) for the feed device (4) is provided on a vehicle side and at least one first power-operated transport means (6, 6.8) is provided for the waste, which converts the waste into a vertical (Z) and / or horizontal (X ) Direction at least to a further transport device (8, 10, 11) and thereby the garbage the further transport device acting in the vehicle longitudinal direction is introduced into at least one storage space chamber (1).

2. Garbage collection and transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport means (6, 6.8) of the feed device (4) is designed as a garbage-receiving shovel or as a guide plate or as a container with or without a partition and preferably has a closure device (13) , which serves to drop the garbage, or that the transport means (6, 6.8) consists of at least one transport shaft (19, 20) in which at least one rotatable flap (6) or a displaceable plate, bowl (6) or the like. is arranged, which causes the refuse to be fed to a further means of transport (6, 6.8).

3. Garbage collection and transport system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the introduction of the garbage into a storage space (1) of the feed device (4) at least one press-in channel (8a, 8b) or a screw conveyor, a scraper floor, a moving floor, a conveyor trough, a sloping floor, a feed scoop or the like is assigned as a further transport device (9, 10, 11) for the further transport of the waste (A, B, C, D) into the storage space.

4. Garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the garbage comes to lie after it has been emptied into the feed device (4) above and / or below the power-operated transport means (6, 6.8), one directed upwards Movement of the transport means (6, 6.8) causes the refuse to be fed to one of several further transport devices (8, 10, 11) which is further away from the filler opening (5) or higher than another transport device or a feeder downwards of garbage to one of several

Transport devices (8, 10, 11) causes that is closer to the filler opening (5) or deeper than another transport device.

5. garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport means (6, 6.8) a pendulum movement about its axis

(7) away and back down.

6. Garbage collection and transport system, in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle has an interchangeable mono storage container (1) with at least one feed opening (2a, 2b) for introducing the waste (A, B, C, D) and that at least two transport devices (4) are provided for introducing the waste into the storage space.

7. Garbage collection and transport system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage space (1) about its longitudinal axis, optionally to at least one filling position, is rotatable.

8. Garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that transport shafts (8a, 8b) of the transport device (8, 10, 11) are arranged one above the other in the case of a horizontally divided storage space container and in the case of a vertically divided storage space container.

9. Garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transport device is assigned a loading device (10, 11), in particular a hydraulic pressing device (10a, 10b, 11a, 11b), to a transport shaft (8a, 8b) .

10. Garbage collection and transport device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power-operated transport means (6, 6.8) is not stationary and in particular is provided directly with an integrated clearing device (10, 11).

11. Garbage collection and transport device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport device (8, 10, 11) can be closed at its fill opening (9a, 9b) and / or emptying side.

12. Garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in In the case of a plurality of storage spaces lying next to one another, a plurality of transport means (6, 6.8) are provided which contain elements such as a feed shovel, a receiving device or a plate which are clocked in such a way that they transport the waste to the next transport means.

13. Garbage collection and transport system with side loading device, in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transport device (8, 10, 11) for introducing the garbage into a storage space (1) is at least twice the height (Z) and side (X) are offset so that they lead both to the filling opening of a horizontally and vertically divided or undivided storage space (1).

14. Garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of transport means (6) are provided which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, the transport means (6) preferably consisting of at least two parts which lie coaxially one behind the other and can be controlled separately.

15. Garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several means of transport (6) consist of two superimposed parts which are arranged to be movable about the same axis of rotation (7) and can be controlled in a coordinated manner with one another.

16. Garbage collection and transport system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the garbage truck has an interchangeable, divided or undivided storage space (1), with a mono storage space having a plurality of feed openings (2a, 2b), which serve to bring in the garbage and with the transport devices (8, 10, 11) according to location and number or have a filling opening (2) arranged so that it corresponds at least to one of several transport devices or is approached with a movable transport means (6, 6.8), in particular the transport device (8,10,11) on the transport means (6,6.8 ) is arranged.

17. Garbage collection and transport system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage space located behind the transport means is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis and by a transport means (6) working transversely to its axis (e.g. container, gfls. with a sloping floor) or via another transport device (8,10,11).

18. Garbage collection and transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport means (6, 6.8) is guided so that it is at least partially below the chassis or the vehicle bridge or laterally outside of the in its lower position for waste collection Vehicle profile is positioned.

19. Garbage collection and transport system with a lifting

/ Tilting device and a weighing device, in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that for determining the weight of the waste or at least one fraction from the waste container at least one receiving means is provided, to which a weighing device (18) for weighing the waste or a waste fraction is assigned , in particular a scoop (6), a container, a plate or the like is provided as the receiving means, in particular the lifting / tilting device also being provided with a weighing device and for determining the weight of a second fraction the difference formation from the measurement result of the total weight the lifting / tilting device and the measurement result of the other fraction in the receiving means.

20. Garbage collection and transport system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage space container (1) on at least one side (31), which does not represent the emptying or filling side, a device such as an axis of rotation or a column guide (35 ) with which this side can carry out a movement in whole or in part in a direction which corresponds to a direction from the inside of the container, the movable side preferably having means which serve to limit the opening in width and / or direction.