DE2558433C3 - Garbage collection and transport system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a garbage collection and transportation system, using garbage truck witnesses and household garbage bins.

As a result of the scarcity of raw materials, the recovery of valuable materials from household garbage is of particular importance. The recovery of recyclable materials such as glass, sheet metal and paper Household waste, can be separated by separating these components within the households or with separate Provision and removal or the sorting out of process engineering systems can be prepared.

A major disadvantage of known systems is not only the high investment requirement and the high level of investment Operating costs, but also in the relatively stratified quality of the recovered, often strong contaminated waste paper, which also has a considerable share Ie of plastics and unusable paper, such as z. B. milk cartons or the like. May contain.

The separate discharge z. B. of waste glass and waste paper required by households, as is currently the case Experiments have shown the use of vessels (Buckets or sacks) to provide a constant incentive to to give separate collection. The quality achieved is essentially good. The collected waste paper and -glass can be recycled directly because it is not made up of other gauze components

h5 is polluted. Have the best collection results in residential areas with a predominant number of one- or two-family houses, d. H. more open Can achieve construction. This settlement structure is

However, it is particularly cost-intensive when collecting old materials, as only a few are per km of collection route Households are to be found.

The separate removal of recyclable materials, with or without a container, requires the use of a special one Team with vehicle, the team usually consists of a driver and two loaders. To the Reducing the collection costs have already been considered to use a to the usual garbage truck attachable trailer employed. Such trains consisting of garbage trucks and trailers are however, it cannot be used in many settlement areas.

To save costs, the recyclable materials are only collected every three to six weeks. However, this continues Storage space in households, especially in modern apartments, d. H. Apartment buildings or high-rise buildings are often absent.

It is a device for unloading and / or loading garbage containers, especially on garbage trucks known in which a slide plate dividing the container space transversely to the longitudinal extension is arranged is, which can be driven hydraulically or pneumatically in the longitudinal direction of the container space double-acting adjusting cylinder is displaceable.

There is also an arrangement on the back of a 2ϊ garbage truck is known, which is based on a mechanically operating dumping device for garbage cans, with an adjacent pouring opening for manual emptying and a pouring device equipped with a mechanical pivoting device for larger collecting containers. The pour-in devices with their pour-in openings and the pour-in opening for manual emptying are arranged separately from one another in the rear wall of the vehicle collecting container in order to be able to reach the load J5 independently and possibly simultaneously via the various throw-in systems. The garbage is picked up by a collection container of the garbage truck that is common to all throw-in systems.

Furthermore, a household collecting container is known, the subdivisions for separate reception, z. B. of ash, paper, garbage or the like. Has. There is a rotatable lid with one of the subdivisions Optionally covering opening for separate filling and emptying and an opening that closes this opening Part provided.

Object of the present invention is to provide a device for the collection of household waste to easily create a separation of the resulting waste materials is carried out with the Help "in the households or houses and with the removal of already separated waste materials without increasing the workload and working hours and without the use of bulky or special vehicles.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that the garbage truck for the separate Collection of waste materials in a collecting container divided into two or more separate chambers and m) one of the number of chambers of the collecting container, separate feed and filling opening carries and that the separate chambers of the collecting container or the separate feeds accordingly * ■> having formed subdivisions in chambers Household garbage cans are assigned. A facility designed in this way only requires a relatively large amount of money eerineen additional construction work on the garbage trucks. The facility allows the collection of rubbish with a significantly lower expenditure of time than before, since there is no separate collection of recyclable materials. This saves manpower and cuts costs to a considerable extent. By the possibility the separation of waste materials in the households and the transport in a separated state is one high rate of recoverable materials achievable. Furthermore, it is special to the acquaintance Advantage that the contents of all partial vessels of the household garbage cans at the same time and while maintaining the separation can be emptied into the garbage truck. The quality of the separated recyclables, so have Experiments shown is exceptionally good, so that even the recyclers of these valuable materials do not have any significant additional work that goes beyond the normal scope for cleaning these substances occurs. from A particular advantage is the separation of waste materials in the individual households by means of the multi-chamber household garbage bins. Simplify the container adapted to the receiving device of the transport vehicle the absorption of the waste material by the transport vehicle both with regard to the required Loading times as well as the associated costs.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the receiving device with the Has filling chutes communicating, separate feed chambers, and that between these and separate loading chambers arranged in the storage space chambers of the collecting container are formed. It is also a feature that each of the feeder or Loading chambers is assigned a feeder or loading shovel.

It is also provided that for the inclusion of several household waste containers at the same time Receiving device is formed superimposed filling openings each with a number of partial openings are.

It is also provided that the receiving device for the formation of vertical or approximately vertical filling chutes containing filling partitions, which at the same time the filling openings in partial openings subdivide. The possibility of accommodating two multi-chamber garbage bins at the same time leaves another one Shortening of the loading times and made possible by the special arrangement of the filling openings and the Shafts within the receiving device a safe separate supply of waste materials to the associated storage chambers of the collecting container of the transport vehicle.

The fact that guide plates for the separate distribution of the recorded on the filling partition walls Waste E'offe on the separate feeder chambers connect and that the guide plates are adjustable about axes, the operator have the Possibility of randomly placing waste materials in a different chamber of the receiving device than the one intended for this purpose to redirect. It can thus be particularly contaminated valuables, such as. B. Paper, not the separate chamber for paper, but a chamber for receiving residual waste.

Finally, there is another feature of the present Invention that within each of the storage chambers extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is a press plate is arranged with its own adjustment device. This training is of particular advantage by the individual storage compartments of the

The recyclable materials picked up by the transport vehicle or the residual waste can also be ejected separately can. This means that a garbage truck, e.g. B. on his way to a landfill, for example Can send paper to a recycler. This saves travel and time.

The arrangement of the individual chambers of the refuse container can advantageously be made in this way be that the chambers are next to each other. It can also be assumed that there are three separate chambers but this is not a requirement. The middle of, for example, three chambers is used here the inclusion of residual waste, e.g. B. od kitchen waste. Like., While the second chamber for the recording of waste glass and the third chamber is provided for receiving waste paper.

The pick-up device of the garbage truck, d. H. in particular their openings are the Household garbage bins adapted.

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments according to the invention are shown:

F i g. I shows the transport vehicle in a side view,

Fig. 2 shows the transport vehicle in a horizontal section according to the line II-II of Fig. 1,

Fig.3a shows a perspective view of a garbage container,

3b and 3c also show in perspective other designs of the garbage container,

Fig.3d shows a detail from Fig.3a in one Cross-section,

F i g. 4a shows a section along the line IVa-IVa of FIG Fig. 1,

FIG. 4b shows a cross section along the line IVb-IVb of FIG. 1.

Fig. 5 shows the transport vehicle with the receiving device in emptying position,

F i g. 6 shows a perspective view of the press plates for the collecting container,

F i g. 7 shows, in an enlarged section from FIG. 4a, a detail of the partition wall fastening inside the collecting container of the transport vehicle.

According to the drawing, the entire transport vehicle is denoted by 2. The vehicle frame 3 carries that Driver's cab 4, the collecting container 6 and the receiving device assigned to the collecting container 6 5. The collecting container 6 forms, which will be explained in more detail later, the storage space.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS Arranged pressing device, which at the same time as an ejection device for the in the collecting container 6 absorbed waste is used. With 10 household garbage bins or garbage containers are referred to in can be used by the individual households to be disposed of or for several households together.

There is also a lifting device on the transport vehicle 2 or on its receiving device 5 (not shown) arranged, by means of which the household waste container 10 to take over the collected waste materials.

The receiving device 5 has in a known manner a feeder device 15, which consists of a Feeder tub 40 with a horizontally arranged pivot axis 41 and feeder blades arranged on this 42, 43 and 44 put together The feeder blades are arranged side by side and, as will be described in more detail later, vertical partitions are provided that extend also extend into the collecting container 6 in connection with the feeder blades 42, 43 and 44

') separate feeder chambers 42', 43 'and 44 'formed.

The receiving device 5 also has two filling openings 13 arranged one above the other or 14. ts are also within the admission

Ki device 5 vertically standing and in planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle (arrow direction A) extending filler partitions 20 and 21 are provided (Fig

ι> subdivide. The filler partitions 20 and 21 come with it one of its end faces also on the inside of the rear end wall 19 of the receiving device at. The filling partitions 20 and 21 have such a lateral spacing transversely to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle from each other and from the side connecting walls of the receiving device 5. That the filling openings 13 and 14 are divided into three partial openings 16, 17 and 18 or 16 ', 17' and 18 '. In the same Wise are also, as will be described later in more detail, the

y> Household garbage can or garbage container 10 suitable divided. The partitions 20 and 21 merge at their lower edge into separate guide plates 22 and 23, respectively. which extend in the same way as the partition walls 20 and 21 along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, however

in opposite to the vertical one directed outwards Assume inclination in their basic position. The guide plates 22 and 23 are each by means of a pivot axis 24 or 24 'arranged pivotably. Each of the movable guide plates 22 and 23 engages

3i linkage 28 or 28 'to the one with the working piston a hydraulically operating adjusting cylinder 31, 31 'for joint or separate adjustment of the guide plates 22 or 23 cooperates.

The guide plates 22 and 23 has the task of

4 »separately filled waste materials to the width of the Feeder chambers 42 ', 43' and 44 'or the chamber width within the collecting container 6 are closed separately to distribute. The adjustability of the guide plates 22 and 23 allows the type of waste to be reversed one of the feed chutes 25, 26 or 27 in an adjacent feeder chamber 42 ', 43' or 44 '.

In a known manner, the receiving device 5 also has means for introducing the from the feeder blades waste materials fed into the vehicle

"> o milk container 6. Corresponding to the separate Feeding the waste materials through the feeder paddles 42, 43 and 44 are also a corresponding number of loading shovels 53, 54 and 55 of a loading device 15 'are provided, which pivot about a common pivot axis

w 5Z, which lies transversely to the vehicle's longitudinal axis, can be swiveled is.

By the loading shovels 53,54 and 55 in connection with itself between the shovels in the longitudinal direction of the Vehicle-extending storage space partitions 4i

ti "and 47, loading chambers 53 ', 54' and 55 'are formed, the on the one hand each in one of the feeder chambers 42 ', 43' or 44 'and on the other hand in the through the partition walls 46 unc 47 formed storage chambers 48, 49 and 5C open separately or with these accordingly dei

ι · 'Feeder or loading shovel position in connection to be brought.

Within each of the storage compartments 48, 49 and 5 ( is a vertical, transverse to the longitudinal direction de;

Transport vehicle 2 extending and the cross section of the storage chambers leaving a Movement play with respect to the end walls and partitions 46 and 47 of the collecting container 6 filling press plate 60,61 or 62 arranged. These press plates are operated hydraulically Telescopic rods 64,65 or 66 driven and moved in the longitudinal direction. In a known manner Such press plates serve on the one hand to compress the absorbed waste and on the other hand to Ejecting the waste from the vehicle collection container 6 to a landfill. The embodiment of the pressing device shown and described allows both in each of the storage chambers 48, 49 and 50 separate compression as well as a separate one Emission of waste materials.

As the F i g. 5 shows, the entire receiving device 5 is pivotable about an axis 75, su uäu un- vjta'ui αϋιιικαιιιΓΓΐΟΓιι το, 3 "ϋΖ * Α '. 5ν" SCH ΓίΙΓΐΐϋΓ.

are open and can be emptied together or separately by means of the pressure plates 60, 61 and 62. For this purpose, there is a pit 80 for receiving receptacles 81 and 8Γ for a landfill, for example provided, which have receiving chambers 85 here. It is provided here that the z. B. from kitchen waste and the like. Existing residual waste is either still retained in its chamber or has already been emptied and the other two storage compartments contain recyclable materials, such as glass and paper, separately and in the Dispense container 81.81 '. However, the individual groups of waste materials also know separately at different ones suitable places for the inclusion of the individual substances, e.g. B. on the way on a trip at recycler the recyclable materials or a landfill, are unloaded.

As the Fig. Β and 7 can still be seen, the Storage space partition walls 46, 47 based on their longitudinal extent, laterally adjustable in parallel, around the storage space chambers 48, 49 or 50 the proportions which may change within a larger period of time to be able to adapt to the individual types of waste. These are in the upper end wall 87 of the The collecting container 6 has slots 89 running in the width direction for the guidance of nuts 90 lockable retaining bolt 96 incorporated. The retaining bolts 96 are threaded into corresponding Threaded holes are inserted and fastened on the upper end faces of the partition walls 46 and 47, respectively

In order to be able to change the width of the storage space, it is also provided that pressing plates 60, 61 and 62 and to make the loading shovels 53, 54 and 55 changeable with regard to their width. For this purpose, each of the Plates of mutually overlapping parts 91, 92 and 93, the overlapping Have perforations 94. The plate parts 91, 92 and 93 are connected by screw connections 95 locked together in the desired, jointly formed by the plate parts pressing surface size.

Finally, in Fig. 3a to 3d there is still the training the household garbage can 10 shown. The garbage can or container 10 is set according to Fig.3a and 3b from three juxtaposed chambers 30a formed by the partition walls 29 and 30, 306 and 30c together, the opening cross-sectional area of which corresponds to the corresponding cross-sectional areas of the Filling openings 16, 17, 18 or 16 ', 17', 18 'fit.

The side walls have perforations 105 over part of their extension. which are closed by a grid 106. The grid 106 is so wide that waste materials. eg kitchen waste, at least z. T. can fall out through this grille, and through the grille 106 insight is at least released into the corresponding chamber 30a and 30c.
As the F i g. 3d shows, the chamber walls or partition walls 29 and 30 of the garbage containers 10 are also provided adjustable in the direction of the chambers arranged next to one another for adaptation to the storage space chambers 48, 49 and 50, which can be varied in their width. For this purpose, vertical pairs of grooves 114 and 115 are incorporated into the front and rear side walls 116 and 117 of the household garbage container 10, into which correspondingly designed partition walls 29 and 30 can engage.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, it is assumed that three groups of waste materials are caused by the System should be recorded separately. It is on paper, on glass and z. B. Residual waste thought in the z. B. Kitchen waste? oc! like should be included.

Of the garbage container chambers 30a, 306 and 30c, the middle chamber 30b is intended to accommodate the Serve residual waste.

The garbage cans or containers are in a known manner by means of a lifting device on the garbage truck 2 raised and brought into overlap with the openings 13 and 14 on the garbage truck 2. In the The embodiment shown, the garbage container chambers 30a, 306 and 30c with the partial openings 16,17,18, in the case of superimposed double filling options, also with the partial openings 16 ', 17' and 18 'in Cover brought.

The waste materials from the garbage container 10 pass through the partition walls 20, 21 and the Guide plates 22, 23 separated by gravity to the vertical shafts 25, 26, 27 in the Feeder chambers 42 ', 43', 44 '. From there, the waste materials are conveyed through the feeder paddles 42, 43, 44 the loading chambers 53 ', 54', 55 'supplied. By means of the loading shovels 53, 54, 55 are then the waste materials the storage chambers 48, 49, 50 in the collecting container 6 of the vehicle 2.

The loading shovels 53, 54 and 55 work with the pressing plates 60, 61, 62 of the pressing device Compaction of waste materials together. By the pressing device, the pressing plates 60, 61, 62 also ah Eject plates serve, and because each of the plates 60,61,62 can be operated separately, lasser the separately picked up waste materials are also dumped separately. This can e.g. B. so happen that there; Garbage truck 2 on its way to a landfill for residual waste or afterwards to the unloader of the residual waste to recyclers possibly lying on its route, those who have not yet been unloaded Recyclables, such as B. Glass or paper, for delivery " visits and surrenders the relevant recyclable materials separately. This saves time and journeys will. However, it is also conceivable that the waste materials taken up separately can be used at the same time as In order to unload them in separate containers and to keep the recyclable materials there ready for collection.

The pivotability of the guide plates 22 and Z allows heavily soiled valuable materials, such. B. from Filling chute 25, by arbitrarily pivoting the guide plate 22 about the axis 24 'in the shaft 26 for dei Redirecting residual waste. The same is also with dei Valuables within the shaft 27 by pivoting the guide plate 23 Ver possible.

It is possible at any time that there will be anew

Manufacturing processes, new substances or the like. The amount of individual valuable substances in relation to one another changes. The garbage trucks according to the present invention can adapt to these changed conditions by the possibility of changing the position of the partition walls within the vehicle and also the Adjust garbage can.

The refuse containers 10 can also have chambers 30a, 306 and 30c arranged in relation to one another in a different manner contain. The receiving device 5 on the transport vehicle 2 must then be adapted to these statements will.

In order to avoid that the residual waste, i. H. in the individual households z. B. the kitchen waste, are carelessly filled into the chambers for the recyclable materials, the garbage bins are designed in such a way that that the chambers 30a and 30c of the garbage container 10 closed by a grid 106 open side walls 116, 117 and U8. This will on the one hand given the operators of the garbage truck the opportunity to determine the composition of the waste to be assessed in the individual chambers of the garbage can and, if necessary, at a high The recyclable materials must be fed to the residual waste chamber 49 with regard to the degree of pollution. The other is through the grid an educational effect is also achieved, since the residual waste partially passes through the mesh of the grid 106

to falls through and thereby to the attention of the filling of the waste material in the correct waste container chamber forces. The partitions 46 and 47 of the collecting container 6 of the transport vehicle are advantageous Can be removed from the storage space so that the vehicle can also be used for bulky waste collection. A special one Throwing hole 120 is used to accommodate larger cartons or the like by manual operation.

In addition 6 sheets of drawings

Claims (15)

Patent claims: 1. MüIIsammel- and transport system, using garbage trucks and household garbage containers, characterized in that the garbage truck (2) for the separate reception of waste materials in two or more separate chambers (48, 49, 50) subdivided collection container (6) and a the number of chambers (48, 49, 50) of the collecting container (6) corresponding, separate feed and filling opening (16, 17, 18; 16 ', 17', 18 ') and that the separate chambers of the collecting container or the separate Infeeds correspondingly designed subdivisions in chambers (30a, 30b, 30c) having household waste containers (10) are assigned. 2. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the collecting container (6) has one of the separate filling openings (16, 17, 18; 16 ', 17', 18 ') containing receiving device (5) with adjustable blades (42, 43, 44; 53, 54, 55) for the separate introduction of waste materials into the associated chambers (53 ', 54', 55 ') of the collecting container (6) is assigned. 3. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the Receiving device (5) several separate and separate filling shafts (25, 26, 27) opening to the openings of the chambers (30a, 30ό, 30c; the household waste container (10) matching Has filling openings (16, 17, 18 or 16 ', 17', 18 ') 4. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the Receiving device (5) with the filling shafts (25, 26, 27) in connection stenende, separate Feeder chambers (42 ', 43', 44 ') and that between these and the chambers (48, 49, 50) of the Collecting container (6) arranged separate loading chambers (53 ', 54', 55 ') are formed. 5. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that each the feeder or loading chambers a feeder or Loading shovel (42, 43, 44 or 53, 54, 55) assigned. 6. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that for the Simultaneously accommodating several household waste containers (10) on the receiving device (5) filling openings (13, 14), each with one above the other Number of partial openings (16, 17, 18; 16 ', 17', 18 ') are formed. . 7. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim I to 6, characterized in that the Receiving device (5) for the formation of vertical or almost vertical filling shafts (25, 26, 27) contains filling partitions (20, 21), which at the same time the filling openings (13, 14) in partial openings (16, 17.18; 16 ', 17', 18 '). 8. MUlisammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that to the Filling partitions (20,21) guide plates (22,23) for the separate distribution of the collected waste materials to the separate feeder chambers (42 ', 43 ', 44'). 9. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim I to 8, characterized in that the Guide plates (22, 23) adjustable about axes (24, 24 ') are, 10. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the Filling partitions (20, 21) and the storage space partitions (46, 47) and the partitions (29, 30) of the Household waste container (10) are arranged adjustable. 11. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that » at least some of the side walls (116, 117, 118) of the household garbage containers (10) are transparent are. 12. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that a Part of the outer walls of the household garbage container (10) have openings (105) closed by grids (106). 13. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that one each within the storage space chambers (48, 49, 50) extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle Press plate (60, 61 or 62) each with its own adjusting device (64,65,66) is arranged. 14. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that the Press plates (60,61,62) in their width according to the adjustable storage space dividers (46, 47) can be changed by mutually adjustable plate parts (91, 92, 93). 15. MüIIsammel- and transport system according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that the Storage space partitions (46, 47) are arranged in the collecting container (6) such that they can be dismantled.