Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
  • E02B9/02—Water-ways
  • E02B9/06—Pressure galleries or pressure conduits; Galleries specially adapted to house pressure conduits; Means specially adapted for use therewith, e.g. housings, valves, gates
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
  • E02D27/46—Foundations for supply conduits or other canals
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

• the subject of the invention is a fluid circulation pipe possibly buried under an embankment and more particularly intended for the circulation of a fluid under high pressure, of the order of several bars.
• the invention relates more specifically to the production of pipes of very large cross section, for example greater than 2 m 2 , but may also be advantageous for the production of pipes of more common dimensions.
• the invention also covers the methods of making such pipes.
• a fluid transport pipe can be made simply in the form of metal or concrete pipe elements, which are placed end to end and the ends of which are threaded one inside the other, with interposition of seals.
• metal pipes whose elements are welded at their adjacent ends, for example in the case penstocks for hydroelectric installations.
• the pipe is made up of prefabricated pipe elements or curved panels which are transported to the site and welded on site. At this time, however, the pipe is not under pressure and can deform by ovalizing, which makes it more difficult to carry out the welds, the sheets not being aligned.
• the pipe consists of a tight walled pipe, normally metallic, fixed on a rigid support block, normally in reinforced or prestressed concrete.
• the metal pipe performs the function of sealing and resistance to internal pressure, the thin wall being only subjected to tensile forces, while the concrete block ensures the rigidity of the pipe by resting on the surface of laying by an enlarged surface allowing to distribute the applied loads and to better resist differential settlements.
• the concrete support block is advantageously made up of three parts, respectively a horizontal base of support on the ground and two lateral support pieces which form vertical legs along each side of the pipe, the assembly having a U-shaped profile which envelops the entire lower part of the pipe. It therefore consists, in cross section, of four panels, respectively a lower panel applied to the base, two side panels applied respectively to the two side legs and an upper panel having two side edges which connect tangentially to the corresponding ends of the two side panels. The latter are held by the two legs of the massif and their facing edges can thus be perfectly aligned for welding.
• Such a pipe can be easily produced from prefabricated elements having a length compatible with the transport and handling capacities.
• the invention therefore generally relates to a fluid circulation pipe comprising a sealed pipe fixed on a rigid support mass forming a support base on a laying surface, said pipe having a longitudinal axis and consisting of 'A resistant thin wall, closed on itself so as to form a sealed tubular enclosure having an upper part and a lower part, which is applied and fixed on an internal face of the support block.
• the support block comprises, on each side of the longitudinal axis of the enclosure, a monobloc lateral part having, in cross section, an L-profile comprising a substantially vertical branch extending along the corresponding side of the pipe and a substantially horizontal branch extending below the pipe to form at least part of the support base on the ground.
• a monobloc lateral part having, in cross section, an L-profile comprising a substantially vertical branch extending along the corresponding side of the pipe and a substantially horizontal branch extending below the pipe to form at least part of the support base on the ground.
• the support block is made up of two L-profile parts, the horizontal branches of which join on either side of the median plane of the pipe passing through the longitudinal axis, to form a continuous base.
• the support block is made of reinforced concrete and the reinforcement can be constituted in a conventional manner to resist the applied forces, in particular, the spacing of the lateral parts.
• the frame can consist of at least one bent sheet embedded in the concrete block and having two branches, respectively horizontal and vertical, each extending in the corresponding branch of each L-shaped part. of the massif.
• each L-shaped lateral part of the support block has an internal face for applying and fixing the enclosure, the orientation of which varies progressively between a substantially horizontal lower part and a substantially vertical upper part.
• Figure 1 is a schematic view, in cross section and in perspective, of part of a pipe according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 schematically shows the conditions of deformation of a pipe, in the event of a vacuum with respect to the outside.
• Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment
• Figure 4 is a detail view of the side part of the massif.
• Figure 5 shows, in cross section, another alternative embodiment.
• Figure 6 is a detail view of a joining means between the pipe and the block.
• Figure 7 shows schematically the production and transport of the prefabricated elements.
• Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment with fastening crosspiece.
• Figures 9 and 10 illustrate embodiments allowing a change of direction of the axis of the pipe.
• FIG. 1 a part of a pipe according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in perspective, generally made up of a pipe A associated with a concrete support block B.
• the pipe A is consisting of curved metal panels welded along their adjacent edges, the number of panels depending on the passage section to be ensured.
• the pipe A can consist, in cross section, of only two panels, respectively a bottom panel 1 and an upper panel 2, which are welded along their adjacent longitudinal edges 11, 21, 11 1 , 21 'and cover, in the direction of the longitudinal axis O, O 'of the pipe, a length L which depends on the transport possibilities.
• the panels 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b of two successive sections of the pipe are welded along their transverse edges opposite 12a, 12b, 22a, 22b, so as to constitute a sealed tubular enclosure A resistant to internal pressure.
• the tubular enclosure A is applied to a support block B which envelops its entire lower part and therefore has a U-shape comprising a base 3 and two lateral wings 31, 31 'which rise vertically along the two lateral sides of the enclosure A.
• the assembly is symmetrical with respect to a vertical median plane PI passing through the longitudinal axis O, O '.
• the two wings 31, 31 'of the base B rise substantially to the level of the horizontal diametral plane P2 of the pipe, passing through the axis O, O' and, even, slightly above this plane in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
• the two lateral sides 13, 13 ′ of the lower panel 1 of the enclosure A can rise further above the plane P2 because they are stiffened by the two wings 31, 31 ′ of the base and their longitudinal edges 11 , 11 ′ are therefore kept parallel and aligned with the corresponding edges of the part of the pipe already produced, which facilitates the fitting and welding of the upper panel 2.
• the lower panel 1 then covers an angular sector greater than 180 ° , at angle entering, the upper panel 2 covering the complementary angular sector.
• the upper part of the pipe 1 consisting of the upper panel 2 and the sides 13, 13 'of the lower panel 1, which are tangentially connected, advantageously has the form of a cylinder of revolution centered on the axis O, O', at least up to the level of the diametrical plane P2.
• the enclosure A withstands the applied stresses in the best conditions. Indeed, the application of an internal pressure only determines tensile stresses in the metal wall which is easily calculated and whose thickness can be relatively small.
• the semi-circular shape of the wall 2, 13, 13 allows it to withstand the best conditions, not only to internal pressure but also to external loads, for example, in the case of a pipe buried under an embankment before the pressurization of the fluid inside the enclosure A.
• the lower part 1 is not necessarily semi-circular and may even be planar since the base 3 of the concrete block B and its reinforcements can be calculated so as to withstand the bending forces.
• the solid mass of the support consisted of three parts, respectively a base extending below the lower part of the enclosure and two lateral support pieces which support the sides of the enclosure and are applied against the lateral faces of the base by prestressed tie rods.
• the junction between the two lateral support pieces and the base of the block works in the manner of an articulation.
• At least the lateral part 31 of the support block B placed on each side of the enclosure A consists of a single piece having, in cross section, an L-shaped profile which comprises a branch which is substantially vertical 32 extend along the corresponding side of the enclosure A and a substantially horizontal branch 33 extending below the pipe to form at least a portion of the base 3 of support on the ground.
• This arrangement ensures continuity of the transmission of stresses, the spacing forces applied by the lateral sides
• the base is subjected only to bending forces resulting from the tendency to spread the sides 32, 32 'which are moreover compensated by the weight of the pipe A and the application of the pressure on its underside 14.
• the base 3 of the support block can therefore be lightened and it is possible, even for very large sections, for example a diameter of the order of 3 m, to produce a one-piece support block as shown in FIG. 1.
• Solid B will normally be made of reinforced concrete, for example as shown in section partial in FIG. 1.
• the frame 5 must then have the desired U shape and can be made up, in a conventional manner, of longitudinal bars 51 associated with transverse frames 52.
• the lower part 1 of the tubular enclosure can have a radius of curvature greater than that of upper part 2 and may even be planar. It is however preferable to ensure a progressive connection between the bottom of the pipe A and the upper part 2 external to the block B, so as to ensure the continuity of the transmission of the forces without any angular point.
• FIG 2 there is shown schematically in solid lines a pipe 1 according to the invention comprising a metal pipe A associated with a concrete base B and, in phantom, the deformed A ', B' , determined by calculation in the case of an overpressure from the outside relative to the inside of the pipe, for example under the weight of an embankment.
• angles 7, 7 ′ each forming at least one re-entrant angle having a side 71 covering the upper face 30 'of each wing 32, 32' of the support block B and a side 72 extending upward and tangent to the outer face of the corresponding lateral side 13, 13 'of the thin wall A, at the outlet of frame B.
• Side 71 is sealed in concrete and side 72 is welded to the external face of the lateral side 13, 13 'which is thus stiffened and kept applied against the wing 32, 32' of frame B, this which avoids any risk of detachment which could lead, for example, to water entering.
• the angle iron 7, 7 ′ is provided with sealing parts 73 and can advantageously cover the outer edge of the upper face 30 ′ of the block B to reduce the risks of cracking of the concrete.
• angles 7, 7 ′ extend all along the face 30 ′ of the block B, but they can also be simple sealing tabs spaced from each other.
• the continuous transmission of the forces in the support block B makes it possible to simplify the production of the frame, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
• the reinforcement can consist essentially of a simple sheet metal 54 which is curved with the same curvature as the wall 1 of the enclosure A and embedded in the concrete 30. Perforations 55 provided on all of the sheet metal surface 54 ensures the penetration of concrete for better joining.
• the sheet 54 can also be provided, on its two faces, with projecting elements 56 to ensure a complete connection.
• the two parallel sheets 1 and 54 connected by the concrete 30 cooperate with each other in the manner of a curved beam to absorb the spacing forces of the lateral sides 32, 32 '.
• a light reinforcement 5 ' for example a welded mesh, in particular along the external faces of the block.
• the concrete 30 can be a fiber concrete comprising, in known manner, a multitude of metallic fibers 57 distributed regularly in the mass of the concrete and oriented randomly.
• the concrete block B can be further lightened.
• H fibers are produced from aggregates of small dimensions, the largest pieces not exceeding, in practice, 8 mm.
• additives that improve fluidity are often used, especially for high performance concrete.
• a corrugated joining member which, preferably, consists of a wire mesh 8 having longitudinal bars 81 and bars 82.
• 25 trellises exist commercially and can be corrugated, for example by passing them between rollers provided with overlapping grooves, the corrugations being parallel to the longitudinal bars 81.
• Such a corrugated mesh easily deforms in
• the vertices 83 of the corrugations can then be electrically welded, in known manner, on the external face 14 of the wall 1 which forms a lost formwork, in the manner indicated in the manner indicated in FIG. 6. If a concrete of fine particle size is used, in particular, a concrete of high performance fibers, this may penetrate into the parts 84 of the trellis which protrude between the vertices 83 so that the trellis is completely embedded in the concrete and achieves, after hardening, a perfect connection between the envelope A and the concrete block B.
• the junction at the upper level of the concrete block B can be further improved by an extension 85 of the trellis 8 having an adequate profile. This avoids any risk of water penetration between the envelope A and the concrete block B and we can even remove the angles 7 described above.
• fiber concrete can make it possible to eliminate the other reinforcements 52, 54 described above. Such an embodiment further improves the flexibility of the structure.
• the invention makes it possible to simplify the production of the prefabricated elements and their installation for the construction of a pipe.
• the lower part 1 of the tubular enclosure A can consist, even for large dimensions, of sheet metal plates which are bent with the press or on rollers so as to have the desired curvature.
• the plate 1 is turned over and placed in the bottom of a mold 6 so as to constitute a lost formwork.
• the panel 1 was previously provided, on the upper surface, with securing elements 53 such as welded profiles or else with a corrugated mesh 8, in the case of FIG. 6. After having set up the lateral faces 61 of the mold and the reinforcement 5, the reinforcement is placed and the concrete is poured up to the desired level to give the base B the thickness required.
• the plate-shaped armature of FIGS. 3 and 4 can be fixed in advance, at the desired spacing, to the panel 1.
• the whole After setting, the whole is stripped and turned over.
• anchoring points such as rings 40 sealed in the concrete at the upper part of the wings 32, 32 'and which can be used for the attachment of 'slings.
• the rings 40 can also be welded to the angles 7 sealed on the upper face 30 'of the block B.
• Such prefabricated elements can be easily transported to the construction site, for example on a trailer 62, as shown in FIG. 6. It is thus possible to transport by road elements of very large dimensions if the height h of the element increased by that of the trailer remains compatible with the road gauge. Indeed, it suffices to limit the length L of the prefabricated element so that, the latter being placed crosswise on the trailer, the assembly does not exceed the authorized width.
• the upper panels 2 of the pipe made up of curved sheets, can be simply stacked for transport on site.
• the prefabricated elements are placed one after the other on along the longitudinal axis O, O 'by adjusting the levels and the positioning so that the lateral edges 11a, 11b of the panels 1a, 1b of the element Bl to be put in place and of the element B already laid, are in line with each other, the corresponding transverse edges 12a, 12b being in contact.
• the concrete block B is stopped slightly back of the sheet 1 so as to leave between two consecutive elements B1, B2, a space 34 which facilitates the positioning of the elements and the welding of the sheets.
• the longitudinal reinforcements 51 and / or the securing means 8 are provided with waiting parts which intersect in this space 34 and are then embedded in a sealing mortar.
• the construction of the pipe is therefore particularly easy, the elements being able to be prefabricated in the factory and then transported to the site.
• the sheets 1, 2 can indeed be formed in the workshop and stacked on a trailer to be delivered to the site which can be simply fitted with the necessary molds 6, these being particularly simple.
• the prefabricated elements can also be produced near the site on fairground prefabrication facilities.
• the support block B can be lightened, it must, however, be calculated in depending on the circumstances of use.
• the concrete block advantageously provides a ballast role and its mass is therefore determined accordingly.
• the method of construction, according to FIG. 7, of a tubular enclosure in two parts is particularly advantageous for pipes of very large sections but, because of the advantages obtained, the invention can also be applied to pipes of more common dimensions, for example from a diameter of 0.5 m. In this case, it is more advantageous to produce closed pipes directly.
• Such a tubular section can be placed between two side walls of a mold having, on either side of the pipe, two bottoms placed at the desired level, for example halfway up the pipe. Is then fixed on the convex upper part of the pipe for securing means, for example, a corrugated mesh 8. It can then, as indicated above, pour concrete into the mold thus formed up to a level which exceeds the upper part of the pipe so as to give the concrete block the desired thickness.
• the level of the longitudinal joints 11, 21 and the height (h ') of the lateral sides 32, 32' can be varied, but this must remain sufficient to maintain the rigidity of the sides 13, 13 'and resist a crushing force on the pipe in the event of depression in relation to the exterior.
• the concrete block B must obviously be strong enough to allow the handling, transport and installation of the prefabricated elements.
• the rigidity of the assembly is improved.
• This retaining crossmember can be removably fixed, so as to be removed after the lower element has been put in place, to install the upper panel 2.
• a connecting crossmember can still have advantages after the completion of the driving. Indeed, as indicated in FIG. 8, it can be given the form of a hoop 41 in mechanically welded construction, which spans the pipe and has an internal profile 42 identical to that of the upper wall 2.
• Such an arch 41 can also be fixed in advance on the upper panel 2 if the block B is sufficiently resistant for handling.
• the arch 41 then provides external protection and reinforcement of the panel 2, the thickness of which can be reduced, the latter being calculated solely as a function of the tensile stresses due to the internal pressure.
• the panel 2 thus reinforced by one or more hoops 41, will resist crushing better when the pipe is in depression relative to the outside.
• a pipe according to the invention has still other advantages.
• the successive concrete elements can be interconnected so as to avoid the skidding of the pipe.
• the prefabricated elements can easily be produced so that the transverse joint plane Q in which the transverse edges 12, 22 of the enclosure A are placed is inclined relative to the longitudinal median plane PI of each prefabricated element so as to progressively change direction.
• the successive elements can then be secured by tensioned tie rods 43 which can advantageously be threaded into the tubes 58 described above with reference to FIG. 4, and the ends of which bear on bosses 35, on the outside, at ends of each element Bl, B2.
• the joint plane Q can be inclined relative to the horizontal so as to adapt to a variation in the slope of the laying surface C.
• the particular constitution of the pipe makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the wall of the pipe compared to the usual metal pipes. Therefore, it may be advantageous to produce the pipe in a special metal, for example stainless steel, the increase in cost being offset by the removal of the coating usually required and the improvement of the flow conditions.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
• Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
• Duct Arrangements (AREA)
• Sewage (AREA)
• On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Cited By (3)

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Citations (8)

• 1999
  • 1999-01-29 FR FR9901050A patent/FR2789096B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-01-24 DZ DZ000011A patent/DZ3005A1/xx active
  • 2000-01-28 AU AU22998/00A patent/AU766283B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-01-28 JP JP2000596224A patent/JP2002535577A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-01-28 EP EP00901673A patent/EP1068401A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-01-28 WO PCT/FR2000/000206 patent/WO2000044993A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-01-28 TN TNTNSN00020A patent/TNSN00020A1/fr unknown
  • 2000-01-28 CN CN00800235A patent/CN1294647A/zh active Pending
  • 2000-01-28 OA OA1200000270A patent/OA11623A/fr unknown
  • 2000-01-28 CA CA002325628A patent/CA2325628A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-01-28 BR BR0004533-0A patent/BR0004533A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-01-28 AR ARP000100387A patent/AR022337A1/es unknown
  • 2000-01-28 AP APAP/P/2000/001932A patent/AP2000001932A0/en unknown
  • 2000-09-26 MA MA26069A patent/MA25192A1/fr unknown

Patent Citations (9)

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