Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
  • B29D30/005—General arrangement or lay-out of plants for the processing of tyres or parts thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
  • B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
  • B65G47/52—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices
  • B65G47/60—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices to or from conveyors of the suspended, e.g. trolley, type
  • B65G47/61—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices to or from conveyors of the suspended, e.g. trolley, type for articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
  • B29D30/0016—Handling tyres or parts thereof, e.g. supplying, storing, conveying
  • B29D2030/0022—Handling green tyres, e.g. transferring or storing between tyre manufacturing steps

Definitions

• the present invention relates to automated monorail conveyance systems for transporting green tires (i.e., unvulcanized tires) within a tire manufacturing factory and more specifically to an elevator system incorporated in the monorail conveyance system for transferring the green tire from a monorail to a tire molding press.
• Tire manufacturing factories are arranged into separate areas within which specific tire manufacturing operations take place.
• Two manufacturing steps having major significance in relation to the present invention are the tire assembly process and the tire curing, or vulcanizing process . These two processes take place in separate locations within a manufacturing operation, typically within a single building of the tire building factory.
• tires are assembled in an uncured or unvulcanized state in one part of a factory, and then moved to another part of the factory where they are inserted into heated tire presses wherein the tire is molded under heat and pressure and, in the same process, vulcanized.
• the tire assembly process involves the use of a tire building machine which includes a cylindrical assembly drum upon which such tire components as the inner liner, the cord-reinforced plies, the beads and the sidewalls of the "green carcass” are assembled into a cylindrical shape.
• the green carcass then undergoes an initial "blow up” into a toroidal shape more closely resembling a typical tire.
• the blow-up process typically coincides with the installation upon the green carcass of the belt structure, fabric overlay and tread cap, all of which are typically assembled upon a separate "ring” into which the green carcass is expanded during the blow-up process.
• the green tire After the green tire has been assembled, it must be moved to the portion of the tire-manufacturing facility or building wherein the tire is molded and cured.
• the molding and curing are performed in a heated tire molding press in which the external rubber surfaces of the green tire are shaped, as with the tread pattern, under pressure.
• the tire molding press also heats the tire so as to induce the curing or vulcanizing process during which the previously uncured rubber undergoes thermally induced chemical changes that result in the formation of the kinds of firm, stabilized, shape-holding rubber that is typical of a finished tire.
• the two above-described processes are separated in time by the transport of the green tires from the tire assembly area to the location of the curing presses. Often, if not typically, the transport of the green tires involves a layover of the green tires within an intermediate storage area. A given green tire is stored until an appropriate press, one that is suited for that specific type of green tire, is ready to receive the tire.
• the tires that are assembled in a typical tire-building process are commonly not all of the same type or size. In other words, multiple types of tires are assembled in the tire-building region of the factory.
• each different tire type (or size) must be cured in a press that has been set up to receive specific tire types and to shape and cure the specific tire types .
• a multiplicity of considerations come into play in the period of time from when the tire is assembled to when it is cured.
• One consideration is whether or not the tire must be physically transported to the intervening storage area prior to being moved to the curing press .
• Tire transport typically involves the use of such vehicles as fork-lift trucks or similar wheeled vehicles upon which the green tires can be loaded for transport and then unloaded.
• Another consideration is that each different tire type must be accounted for and readily retrievable from within the storage area. That is, each green tire must be easily identifiable so that it can be retrieved from the storage area and then transported to the appropriate tire curing press for insertion into the press as soon as the appropriate press becomes available to receive the green tire.
• the manufacturing facility must be designed to accommodate the wheeled transfer vehicles, that is, it must have wide surfaces "roads" upon which the wheeled vehicles can travel with sufficient room so as to minimize the chances of a collision between the vehicle and stationary objects or with other vehicles or with people.
• the storage area must be large enough to accommodate sufficient numbers of each given type of tire so that at no time, ideally, will any curing press or presses be removed from service for want of a tire in need of molding and curing.
• the storage area also acts as a buffer zone from which a supply of green tires can be withdrawn even if there is a slowdown in the tire assembly process due to disabled machinery or other hold-up problems .
• Tires that are moved from the assembly area to the storage area and then to the curing area are labeled in the assembly area. That is, a tag of some sort is put on the tire, identifying its type, size and other parameters which determine the specific curing press type to which it is to be delivered for final molding and vulcanizing.
• the tag is also placed in such a location on the tire as to indicate the green tire's proper orientation when it is finally delivered to, and loaded into, the curing press. That is to say, the orientation of the tire within the curing press is not random. Rather the tire is preferably placed in the press at a precise rotational orientation determined by numerous factors that are not specifically relevant to the present invention and are therefore not discussed herein.
• the size of the storage area must be large enough to accommodate both people and vehicles as well as to hold a sufficient number of tires so that specific tire types can be readily and rapidly located and retrieved for transport to the appropriate curing presses.
• Robot arms are used to move the green tires to and from the pallets, which, at the time of loading or unloading, may or may not be situated upon a conveyor vehicle.
• a conveyor vehicle may or may not be situated upon a conveyor vehicle.
• FIGURE 5 in the Nakagawa patent shows a conveyor system that appears to incorporate a monorail, though the term “monorail” is not used per se within the patent .
• the Nakagawa patent addresses centrally located automated control from a site within the factory.
• the "219 patent also refers to the use of a "demand signal,” which is not specified as being by wire or radio, as a communication link with the rail-borne “trucks.”
• the apparent monorail trucks of the "219 patent are able to deliver tires directly into the tire presses.
• the Nakagawa patent also includes a buffer storage area located between the tire-building part and the tire press part of the factory.
• One object of the present invention is to provide an automated monorail transport system for automating that part of the tire manufacturing process that involves the transport of tires from the location of green tire assembly to the location of the curing presses where the green tires are molded and vulcanized.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an automated monorail transport system to minimize the portion of factory floor area that would otherwise be given over to roadways wide enough to safely accommodate both human beings and powered wheeled vehicles .
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an automated monorail transport system that maintains a real-time, computer-based accounting of the location in storage or in transport of each green tire according to type and curing press to which it is to be delivered.
• Still another object of the present invention is to provide an automated monorail transport system with automated means by which to rotate each green tire to an optimal angular orientation prior to insertion into the tire molding press .
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an automated monorail transport system that reduces the number of monorail carriers used to transport green tires from the buffer storage to the curing presses.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an automated monorail transport system that reduces the number of human beings involved in the physical handling, loading and unloading of green tires and to eliminate both the ergonomic problems associated with manual handling of green tires and the potential for manual-induced damage to uncured tires .
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an automated monorail transport system with central computer management of the automated monorail tire transport system.
• the present invention relates to automated monorail conveyance systems for transporting green tires (i.e., unvulcanized tires) within a tire manufacturing factory. More specifically, the present invention relates to the transport of a plurality of green tires to a plurality of tire curing presses. It includes a monorail track upon which ride one or more monorail transport carriers .
• the conveyance system is characterized by one or more elevator systems located near each of the plurality of the tire presses for receiving green tires from the monorail carriers.
• Each of the elevator systems has an elevator that is vertically moveable for conveying green tires from the monorail carriers to a loader of the tire press.
• the elevator can ride upon a vertical support rail and includes a supporting arm with a basket mounted at the distal end of the arm. In operation, the basket receives a green tire from a monorail truck at a first location and is then moveable along a vertical path to a second location where the green tire is unloaded from the basket by a loader of the press .
• the supporting arm and basket of the elevator system can be angularly moveable in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis extending through the vertical support rail.
• the elevator system can also be moveable in horizontal linear translation from the second location to a third location where the tire is unloaded by a press loader.
• a tire-grasping portion of each of the monorail carriers can angularly orient each green tire about the tire's axis such that subsequent angular motions of the elevator system and the press loader are taken into account in delivering the green tire at a predetermined angular orientation to the press.
• the basket of the elevator system in conjunction with the press loader associated with each press act functions as a buffer storage for the green tires in process.
• the present invention is also directed to a method for conveying a plurality of green tires to a plurality of tire- curing presses with one or more monorail transport carriers.
• the method includes a transferring step wherein each green tire is transferred from one of the monorail carriers to a loader of a tire press.
• the transferring step includes movement of a green tire along a vertical path from a first location where the tire is transferred from the monorail carrier to an elevator to a second location.
• the transferring step can include angular movement of the green tire within a horizontal plane from its position at the first location to its position at the second location where the green tire can be transferred to the loader of the press.
• the transferring step of the present invention can also involve a horizontal translation movement of the green tire from the second location to a third location where the green tire is transferred to the loader of the press .
• the method of the invention can also include a step of angularly orienting each green tire about its axis while still being carried by the monorail carrier in such a way that subsequent angular motions while transferring the green tire are accounted for placing the tire in the tire press at a predetermined angular orientation.
• the method of the invention further includes providing a buffer storage for the green tires between the location where the green tire is transferred to the elevator system from the monorail carrier and the press loader.
• FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of a factory in which green tires are assembled in one area and then transported to another area where they are molded and cured;
• FIGURE 2A is a side view schematic showing the monorail, the elevator system, the tire press and tire unloader of the present invention
• FIGURE 2B is a front view of the tire elevator and basket of the present invention.
• FIGURE 3A is a front view schematic of an open tire press
• FIGURE 3B is a front view schematic of a closed tire press ;
• FIGURE 4 is a top view schematic of a tire press and its loaders ;
• FIGURE 5A is a side view of a ceiling-suspended tire- receiving elevator and basket;
• FIGURE 5B is a side view of another embodiment of a ceiling-mounted tire-receiving elevator and basket which is able to translate rather than having a swivelling basket arm.
• Axial and “Axially” means the lines or directions that are parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
• Bead or “Bead Core” generally means that part of the tire comprising an annular tensile member of radially inner beads that are associated with holding the tire to the rim; the beads being wrapped by ply cords and shaped, with or without other reinforcement elements such as flippers, chippers, apexes or fillers, toe guards and chafers.
• Belt Structure or "Reinforcement Belts” or “Belt Package” means at least two annular layers or plies of parallel cords, woven or unwoven, underlying the tread, unanchored to the bead, and having both left and right cord angles in the range from 18° to 30° relative to the equatorial plane of the tire.
• Carcass means the tire structure apart from the belt structure, the tread, and the undertread over the plies, but including the beads .
• “Casing” means the carcass, belt structure, beads, sidewalls and all other components of the tire excepting the tread and undertread.
• “Circumferential” most often means circular lines or directions extending along the perimeter of the surface of the annular tread perpendicular to the axial direction; it can also refer to the direction of the sets of adjacent circular curves whose radii define the axial curvature of the tread, as viewed in cross section.
• Core means one of the reinforcement strands, including fibers, with which the plies and belts are reinforced.
• Center or “Tire Crown” means the tread, tread shoulders and the immediately adjacent portions of the sidewalls.
• “Curing” is the same as “vulcanizing” which refers to the cross-linking of the polymers comprising the elastomeric rubber compounds which are, by weight, the main constituents of tires.
• Elevator system refers to the intermediate tire conveying device which receives individual green tires from the monorail carrier and moves the tires to within grasping range of the loaders on a tire press.
• Grauge refers to thickness.
• Inner Liner means the layer or layers of elastomer or other material that form the inside surface of a tubeless tire and that contain the inflating gas or air within the tire .
• “Lateral” means a direction parallel to the axial direction.
• Molding is the process by which a green tire is subjected to heat and pressure within a curing press that imprinted the tire's finished shape and structure and vulcanizes the tire's uncured rubber components.
• Ply means a cord-reinforced layer of rubber-coated radially deployed or otherwise parallel cords.
• Ring and radially mean directions radially toward or away from the axis of rotation of the tire.
• Shader means the upper portion of sidewall just below the tread edge .
• “Sidewall” means that portion of a tire between the tread and the bead.
• Thread Cap refers to the tread and the underlying material into which the tread pattern is molded.
• Thread width means the arc length of the tread surface in the plane that includes the axis of rotation of the tire.
• Trust or “Carrier” refers to the monorail vehicles that convey green tires within the factory.
• Vulcanizing is the same as “curing” which refers to the cross-linking of the polymers comprising the elastomeric rubber compounds which are, by weight, the main constituents of tires.
• FIGURE 1 shows a schematic floor layout of an automated green tire conveyance system 10 contained within a tire factory.
• the tire factory comprises two main regions which the green tire conveyance system services: a tire building area 12, where the green tires are assembled on tire-building drums and then expanded into characteristic toroidal tire shapes, and the tire press area 14.
• the tire press area 14 contains a plurality of pairs of presses 40, which are also designated by the letter P. Adjacent to the rows of presses P are rails 16 along which run a plurality of self-powered, monorail carriers 18. Each of the carriers 18 transports a single green tire from the tire assembly area to the specific presses P that are prepared to receive, mold and cure specific types and models of green tires. For example, tires for large vehicles such as earth-moving vehicles are sent to presses that are prepared to receive large tires, while low- profile passenger vehicle tires are conveyed by the monorail system to other types of presses . Tires are moved from the tire building area 12 by way of exit portal 25 and then onto the monorail carriers 18 which run on the monorail tracks 16 which lead to the tire presses designated by P.
• the GTAMS can include a monorail carrier maintenance and/or buffer storage loop 20 and a main control center 21.
• Green tires can be stored in the buffer storage loop 20 if the system is not ready to immediately transfer the tires to the press area 14.
• the main control center 21 comprises a system of computers and software and radio transmission systems such as for example the type of system disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,268,219 of Nakagawa et al . , which work together to accomplish the following green-tire transport functions : 1. Maintain a running inventory of all tires in the production loop according to tire type and each tire's location within the factory and its processing status; 2.
• each monorail conveyor carrier 18 carries a device that is able to read the tags, such as barcode labels that are placed on each green tire 24, as is shown in FIGURE 2A.
• tags such as barcode labels
• FIGURE 2A Each monorail conveyor carrier 18 carries a single green tire 24 in such a way that the tire's equatorial plane is horizontal, which means that the tire's axis is vertically oriented.
• the monorail carrier's tire-grasping mechanism 26 can grasp the tire 10 by one of the tire's bead regions.
• each monorail carrier 18 is able to rotate the tire about the tire's axis in order to find and read the tire's barcode label, which specifies the tire type and the angular orientation (about the tire's axis) at which the tire should be disposed when the tire is delivered to the press 40
• the green tire 24 carried by the monorail carrier 18 can be rotated for two purposes: (1) so that the barcode can be oriented in order to be read by the barcode reader/scanner; and (2) so that the green tire can be properly angularly oriented so that, when the green tire 24 is loaded by the press loader 38 into the press 40
• the tire's angular orientation within the press will be in accordance with the specific tire's design needs.
• the tire can be angularly oriented to take into account the uniqueness of each green tire with respect to the location of the lettering on the sidewalls of tire as well as taking into account the location of the "tread splice" and other artifacts of both tire design and tire construction.
• the information contained in the barcode also informs the main control center 21 as to the type of tire being carried on each particular carrier 18.
• the geographic location of each tire inside the factory is continually monitored and known at the main control center as a result of the two-way radio frequency (RF) communication link between the main control center and each monorail carrier 18.
• RF radio frequency
• each carrier 18 The tire grasping mechanism 26 of each carrier 18 is able to angularly orient each tire 24 in such a way as to take into account the angular motions of the press loader 38 and the elevator 30.
• each green tire 24 arrives within the respective press at a predetermined angular orientation with respect to that press .
• FIGURE 2A shows, in summary, a monorail carrier 18 suspended from a monorail 22.
• Green tire 24 is suspended by the carrier's tire-grasping mechanism 26, which can expand or contract in order to grasp or release the green tire 24.
• the tire-grasping mechanism 26 of the monorail carrier 18 releases the green tire 24 into an elevator system 31 which includes a basket 28 attached to an elevator 30 that rides on a vertical support rail 32.
• the tire-grasping mechanism 26 of the monorail carrier 18 can rotate the tire 24 about its axis, as will be described in more detail below.
• a motor 33 secured to support rail 32, controls the vertical motion of the elevator 30 and its basket 28.
• FIGURE 2B shows a second view of the elevator system 31, with its elevator 30, vertical support rail 32, and the chain or cable 34 driven by conventional means, such as the motor 33, to raise or lower the basket 28 and the elevator 30.
• the term "elevator system” generally refers to the intermediate tire conveying system, comprising an elevator 30 with an attached basket 28 that can move upward or downward in a vertical path with respect to vertical support 32, which receives individual green tires from the monorail carrier and moves the tires to within grasping range of the press loader by each tire press, as discussed hereinafter.
• the monorail carrier 18 deposits the green tire 24 at a first or upper location in the basket 28 attached to the elevator 30, after which the elevator 30 moves along a vertical path to a second or lower position or location 36, as shown in FIGURE 2A.
• the green tire 24 in the basket 28 attached to the elevator 30 in the lower position 36 can then be carried in the basket 28, as the basket moves through a circular arc with respect to elevator 30, the radius of which arc is defined by the arm 29 which supports the basket 28.
• the basket can either move through the arc in conjunction with its movement along the vertical path or subsequent to arriving at the lower location where the green tire is transferred to the loader 38, which is typically an integral part of the tire press 40.
• the arm portion of the loader 38 rotates within a horizontal plane in such a way as to allow the loader to retrieve the tire 24 from the elevator basket 28 and then deliver the tire into the press 40.
• a control panel 42 at the site of the press 40 allows onsite manual control and override of the automated processes in the event of emergencies or in case of the need for specialized control or override of the automated processes .
• FIGURE 3A shows the tire press 40 in the open position, with the upper mold half 44 raised.
• the press loaders 38 which operate in conjunction with each press 40 have two degrees of motion: they can move up and down, and that can rotate within a horizontal plane. For example, as shown in FIGURE 2A, loaders 38 can retrieve green tires from the basket 28 of the elevator system 31 and then move each green tire 24 into the press 40.
• FIGURE 3B shows the tire press 40 in the closed position, with the upper mold half 44 in a lowered position in relation to the lower mold half 46. The press 40 is closed after the tires 24 have been loaded into the press .
• FIGURE 4 is a top view of the lower part 46 of the press
• Superstructure 50 supports the vertical support rails 32 of the elevator system 31 with its elevator 30 and the elevator's basket 28 and moveable arm 29.
• the basket 28 is able to swing through an angular arc ⁇ within a horizontal plane at the first location where the basket 28 receives the green tire 24 or at the lower, second location prior the green tire being handed off to the loader 38 of the press.
• the arm of the loader 38 is able to pivot through an angle ⁇ about the loader's vertical support structure 49 as it receives the tire 24 from the basket 28 of the elevator 30
• FIGURE 4 (which is unlabelled as such in FIGURE 4 and shows only the vertical support rail or girder 32 upon which the elevator moves upward or downward) .
• the press loaders 38 are necessary due to the way in which modern tire presses open and close.
• the top part or mold half 44 of the press 40 lifts vertically upward from the lower part or mold half 46 of the press.
• Older style presses ones of the "watch case” design, had upper mold sections that opened by hinging backward in such a way that the lower mold sections of the press were directly accessible from above.
• the older watch-case style presses allowed for the loading of the green tires into the press directly from above, rather than requiring them to be brought in from the side, as in the case of the newer style presses in which the upper mold section rises vertically rather than hinging backward and out of the way.
• the elevator system 31 of the present invention and the associated parts such as the vertical support rail or beam 32, the elevator 30 and arm 29 and the basket .
• the elevator 30 receives in the basket 28 the green tire 24 from the monorail carrier 18 at a first location.
• the elevator 30 is then lowered with its basket to a second location at which the arm and basket can angularly move within a horizontal plane with respect to the elevator so that the tire can be transferred to the press loader 38 of the press 40.
• the press loader 38 loads the green tire by moving the tire horizontally into the press.
• the basket 28 is generally unmovably attached to the arm 29, it is also within the terms of the invention to provide a power system (not shown) that rotates the basket 28 with respect to arm 29 so that the angular position at which the green tire is loaded into a tire press can be easily controlled.
• the elevator system 31 and its related parts, shown in FIGURES 2A, 2B, 4 and 5A, are an essential feature of the present invention.
• the elevator system 31 allows for the automated transfer of green tires into the new style tire presses, i.e., presses which have top mold halves 44 that lift vertically off from the bottom mold halves 31 of the present invention.
• Another significant advantage of using the elevator system, as an intermediate step in the transfer of the green tire from the monorail to the tire press is that the elevator 30 provides an inherent intermediate tire storage or buffer for tires awaiting processing within each respective tire press 40 while the monorail carrier is free to transfer another green tire to another press.
• Earlier style automated green tire transfer systems most notably the one described in U.S. Patent 4,268,219 by Nakagawa et al .
• FIGURE 5A shows a second embodiment of an elevator system 54.
• the vertical support rail 56 of the elevator system 54 is suspended from an upper support beam 59 which, in FIGURE 5A, appears coincident with the monorail (un- numerated) upon which runs the monorail carrier 18.
• the vertical support rail 56 is not mounted upon or anchored to the floor, as is the embodiment shown in FIGURES 2A and 2B.
• the monorail carrier 18 delivers the green tire 24 into the basket 28 when the basket is in the elevated position 58 at a first location along a vertical path which is parallel to an axis through rail 56.
• the basket 28 is then lowered, and rotated i.e., pivoted within a horizontal plane about the elevator's vertical support rail 56, into a third position or location where the green tire 24 can be retrieved by the loader 38 and then loaded into the press 40.
• FIGURE 5B shows, in simplified schematic form, a third embodiment of the elevator system 63 wherein the arm 29 that supports the basket 28 is not able to rotate in a horizontal plane about the ceiling mounted vertical support post 57.
• the elevator's basket 28 receives the tire from a monorail carrier (not shown) when the elevator system 63 is in the location designated by A.
• the elevator system then moves translationally, under the power of conventional means such as motor 62, along the upper rail 60 to the third location designated by B at which point the green tire 24 can be received by the loader 38 associated with a press, not shown in FIGURE 5B.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Tyre Moulding (AREA)
• Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
• Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=22268486

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (18)

• 1998
  • 1998-12-16 EP EP98963973A patent/EP1140477B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-12-16 DE DE69812192T patent/DE69812192T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-16 CA CA002354403A patent/CA2354403C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-16 BR BR9816089-3A patent/BR9816089A/pt active Search and Examination
  • 1998-12-16 WO PCT/US1998/026724 patent/WO2000035665A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-12-16 JP JP2000587957A patent/JP4510297B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-16 ES ES98963973T patent/ES2194384T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-12-16 AU AU19191/99A patent/AU1919199A/en not_active Abandoned
• 1999
  • 1999-12-02 ZA ZA9907449A patent/ZA997449B/xx unknown

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