WO2000025825A1 - Composes dds et procede de dosage de ces composes - Google Patents
Composes dds et procede de dosage de ces composes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000025825A1 WO2000025825A1 PCT/JP1999/006016 JP9906016W WO0025825A1 WO 2000025825 A1 WO2000025825 A1 WO 2000025825A1 JP 9906016 W JP9906016 W JP 9906016W WO 0025825 A1 WO0025825 A1 WO 0025825A1
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- compound
- gly
- carboxy
- dds
- sugar
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/61—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule the organic macromolecular compound being a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/65—Peptidic linkers, binders or spacers, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0009—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0021—Dextran, i.e. (alpha-1,4)-D-glucan; Derivatives thereof, e.g. Sephadex, i.e. crosslinked dextran
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DDS compound (DDS: drug delivery system) in which a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound is bound to a pharmaceutical compound such as an antitumor agent. Further, the present invention relates to a method for measuring a DDS compound in which a polymer carrier and a pharmaceutical compound such as an antitumor agent are bound.
- DDS drug delivery system
- Antitumor agents used in the treatment of solid cancers such as lung cancer and gastrointestinal cancer, and blood cancers such as leukemia are systemically administered by intravenous or oral administration routes and then migrate to specific tumor sites It inhibits or suppresses the growth of cancer cells and exerts a therapeutic effect.
- systemically administered antitumor agents are rapidly taken up from the blood into organs of the liver and retina, or excreted rapidly in the urine, resulting in lower blood levels and migration to tumor sites. May not be enough.
- ordinary antitumor agents themselves have low selectivity to transfer to tumor sites (tumor selectivity), so that the antitumor agent is distributed evenly throughout various cells and tissues throughout the body, resulting in normal cells and tissues. It also acts as a cytotoxin, causing a very high rate of side effects such as vomiting, fever, and hair loss. Therefore, there is a need to develop a means for efficiently and selectively transferring an antitumor agent to a tumor site.
- a polysaccharide compound having a carboxyl group is used as a polymer carrier, an antitumor agent is bound to the polymer carrier, and the disappearance of the antitumor agent in blood is delayed.
- WO094 / 19376 has a carboxyl group.
- a DDS compound in which a peptide chain (having 1 to 8 amino acids) is bonded to the carboxyl group of a polysaccharide, and to which doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, or the like is further bound via this peptide chain, has been disclosed. I have.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-84481 discloses a DDS compound in which the above-mentioned antitumor agent is introduced into a carboxymethylated mannoglucan derivative via a Schiff base or acid amide bond.
- DDS compounds (sometimes referred to as “drug conjugates”) have superior anti-tumor effects compared to using the anti-tumor agent conjugated to the polymer carrier alone, ⁇ It is characterized by reduced side effects.
- an antitumor agent can be linked to a polymeric carrier such as a polysaccharide compound and a pharmaceutical compound such as an antitumor agent via a 1- to 8-amino acid spacer.
- a DDS compound capable of site-selectively transferring a pharmaceutical compound such as the above to a target tissue is provided (International Publication W097 / 46260).
- carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol has an excellent nature as a polymer Kiyaria one, carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalkoxy - DDS comprising Le as the polymer carrier one Compounds provided (International Publications, above).
- carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalkoxy - DDS comprising Le as the polymer carrier one Compounds provided (International Publications, above).
- Serdy on polysaccharide-peptide-doxorubicin complex Relationship between blood stability of polysaccharide compound and antitumor effect” on technology for DDS compound using polyalcoholated polysaccharide compound as polymer carrier.
- a polymer carrier such as a polysaccharide compound
- a sugar-modified polyglutamic acid derivative Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-178986
- a sugar-modified polylysine derivative Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-222187
- Poly-substituted-L-lysine D-galactovilanos Gluconic acid derivative Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-70311
- sugar-modified poly- ⁇ -substituted-L-glucamic acid derivative Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-228688
- Bonded polysaccharide compounds JP-A-8-85703
- glucosyl-protein derivatives JP-A-9-118699
- the blood concentration of the DDS compound itself is accurately measured.
- the residue content of a drug compound such as an antitumor agent introduced into the DDS compound must be determined. It needs to be measured accurately.
- the measurement of the blood concentration of a DDS compound and the measurement of the residue content of a drug compound of a DDS compound have been performed based on the fluorescence or UV absorption of the drug compound as an index, rather than the DDS compound.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a means for enhancing the organ directivity (for example, directivity to the liver, etc.) of a DDS compound containing carboxy c 1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol as a polymer carrier, and has the above-mentioned features.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a DDS compound.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a polysaccharide compound useful as a raw material for producing a DDS compound having the above characteristics.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a DDS compound in which a polymer carrier and a residue of a pharmaceutical compound are bound via a spacer containing an oligopeptide. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for accurately measuring the content of residues of a DDS compound itself or a drug compound such as an antitumor agent introduced into the DDS compound. . More specifically, it is possible to accurately quantify the blood concentration or tissue concentration of the administered DDS compound, or to accurately quantify the residue content of the drug compound introduced into the DDS compound. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and found that using carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound as a polymer carrier has extremely high organ directivity. It has been found that DDS compounds can be produced, and in particular, DDS compounds containing carboxy CM alkyldextran polyalcohol conjugated to galactose have excellent liver tropism.
- the present inventors treated a DDS compound in which a polymer carrier and a residue of a drug compound were bound via a spacer containing an oligonucleotide with a beptidase, and obtained the hydrolyzate obtained. It has been found that by measuring the concentration of the DDS compound, the blood concentration of the DDS compound and the content of the residue of the drug compound introduced into the DDS compound can be accurately and simply quantified. The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
- the present invention provides a DDS compound containing residues of the modified carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextranase down polyalcohols and forming combined pharmaceutical compound to the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol a sugar compound Things.
- the above-mentioned DDS compound in which a carboxy c 1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound is bound to a residue of a drug compound via a spacer; carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound, a sugar compound and a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran poly; the DDS compound but a single amino acid or base peptide bonded 2 to 8 amino acids was The above DDS compound in which an alcohol is bound via a linker; and a compound in which a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound is classically modified with a sugar compound via a linker. Certain of the above DDS compounds are provided.
- a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl moiety is produced by binding a residue of a drug compound to a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol in which a part of the carboxyl group is modified with a sugar compound.
- DDS compounds are provided that can be used.
- the above DDS compound which can be produced by binding the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol to a residue of a pharmaceutical compound via a spacer; and carboxy C 1-4 Arukirudekisu Trang polyalcohols carboxy C 1-4 alkyl portion of part of the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl prepared by binding the linker one bound to a sugar compound or a saccharide compound to a carboxyl group
- the DDS compound is provided, which can be produced by binding a residue of a pharmaceutical compound to dextran polyalcohol.
- a carboxy C 1-4 Arukirudeki stringent run polyalcohol residues of some pharmaceutical compounds to the carboxyl group is linked via a scan Bae one service one carboxy C 1-4 alkyl moiety in the sugar compound
- a DDS compound that can be produced by the method is provided.
- the above DDS compound which can be produced by binding the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol and a sugar compound via a linker; and carboxy C 1- 4 alkyl dextran poly Pharmaceutical compounds via a spacer consisting of one amino acid or a peptide consisting of two to eight amino acids bound to one part of the carboxyl group of the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl moiety of alcohol
- the DDS compound is provided which can be produced by modifying the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol produced by binding the following residue with a sugar compound.
- the DDS compound wherein the sugar compound is galactose or galactosamine or a derivative thereof; dextran polyalcohol constituting carboxy C 1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol is substantially completely
- the above-mentioned DDS compound which is a dextran polyalcohol obtained by treating dextran under conditions that allow polyalcoholization; the above-mentioned DDS compound, wherein the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol is carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol; galacto Ichisu or galactosamine or a derivative thereof or clustered galactose or galactosamine or degree of substitution derivatives thereof 0.01 per sugar residue of the carboxy (alkyl dextran polyalcohol; 1.0 der The above DDS compound, wherein the pharmaceutical compound is an antitumor agent or an anti-inflammatory agent; the above DDS compound, wherein the pharmaceutical compound is (1S, 9S)-: 1-a
- the present invention provides a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound; a polymer carrier comprising a carboxy ( 4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound);
- the present invention provides a carboxy ( 4- alkyldextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound for the purpose of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a sugar compound modified with a sugar compound for producing the DDS compound Use of a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol is provided.
- the present invention provides that from 2 to 8 amino acids linked to a peptide
- the polymer carrier and the residue of the pharmaceutical compound are linked via a spacer containing an acid.
- the present invention provides a method for measuring a DDS compound, the method including a step of measuring a hydrolyzate obtained by treating the DDS compound with a peptidase.
- the above method used for measuring the concentration of the DDS compound contained in a biological sample the above method used for measuring the content of a residue of a drug compound introduced into the DDS compound
- the hydrolyzate is a pharmaceutical compound
- the above-mentioned method wherein the hydrolyzate is a compound in which a part of a spacer is bonded to a residue of the pharmaceutical compound
- the portion is one amino acid derived from Susa.
- the above method wherein the polymer carrier is a polymer carrier having a carbonyl group, preferably a polysaccharide derivative; the polymer carrier is a carboxy C 1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol,
- the above-mentioned method which is preferably carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol; dextran polyalcohol constituting carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol was obtained by treating dextran under conditions under which substantially complete polyalcoholization was possible.
- the above method which is dextran polyalcohol; the above method, wherein the high molecular carrier is modified with a sugar compound; and the pharmaceutical compound introduced into the DDS compound is an antitumor agent or an antiinflammatory drug.
- the above method which is an agent; the spacer is from the N-terminal side-Gly- Gly- Phe- From the tetrapeptide represented by Gly- or the N-terminal side-The above method in which the tetrapeptide represented by Gly-Gly- Gly-Phe- is used; Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly- NH-Y '-CH 2 - 0- CO- or a group N from the distal side represented - Gly- Gly- Gly- Phe- NH-Y , - CH 2 -0- CO Wherein the Y is a p-phenylene group; the above method wherein peptidase is hechymotrypsin or papain; and the pharmaceutical compound is (1S , 9S)
- the above method comprises -tetralyptide represented by -Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly- from the N-terminal side or tetra-tetrafluoroethylene represented by -Gly-Gly-Gly-Phe- from the N-terminal side.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing blood and ascites concentrations of DDS compounds measured by the method of the present invention (Example 4).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing blood and ascites concentrations of DDS compounds measured by the method of the present invention (Example 5).
- Fig. 3 DDS compound of the present invention having a polymer carrier modified with a sugar compound
- FIG. 8 is a view showing an ultraviolet absorption spectrum of (Example 6).
- Fig. 4 DDS compound of the present invention having a polymer carrier modified with a sugar compound
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a GPC chart of (Example 6).
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the accumulation of DDS compounds ((C) and (D)) produced in Example 6 in the liver.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the DDS compound of the present invention (Example 6 (D)).
- FIG. 7 is a view showing an ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the DDS compound of the present invention (Example 7).
- FIG. 8 is a view showing an ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the DDS compound of the present invention (Example 9).
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a GPC chart of the DDS compound of the present invention (Example 6 (D)).
- FIG. 10 is a view showing a GPC chart of a DDS compound (Example 7) of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing a GPC chart of a DDS compound (Example 9) of the present invention.
- the DDS compound of the present invention comprises a residue of a pharmaceutical compound linked to a modified carboxy C 1-4 Arukirudeki stringent run polyalcohol and the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalkoxy one Le sugar compound I have. More specifically, the DDS compound of the present invention comprises (1) a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound and a residue of a drug compound bound without a spacer. And (2) the case where the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with the sugar compound and the residue of the pharmaceutical compound are bonded via a spacer.
- Examples of the case where a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound and a residue of a pharmaceutical compound are linked via a spacer include, for example, carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol.
- modification refers to a state in which a sugar compound and a carboxy C1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol are covalently bonded directly or indirectly via a linker. Should be interpreted in the broadest sense, including in any sense Should not be interpreted restrictively.
- the residue of the pharmaceutical compound contained in the above-mentioned DDS compound is, for example, the main one of the pharmaceutical compounds used for the treatment and / or prevention of diseases of mammals including humans as pharmaceuticals such as antitumor agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial agents and the like. Mean partial structure.
- the use of the pharmaceutical compound is not limited to the above, and as the pharmaceutical compound, it can participate in binding to carboxyl C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol or spacer 1 or 2 Any substance having the above reactive functional group (for example, amino group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, ester group, etc.) may be used.
- the residue of the drug compound may be a carboxyl group of a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol, a reactive functional group present in a spacer (for example, when a peptide spacer is used, its N-terminal amino group or C-terminal carboxyl group or a reactive functional group present in the amino acid constituting the spacer).
- a prodrug compound also includes a prodrug compound which contains the main structure of a compound which itself has a medicinal action as its partial structure and can regenerate the compound in vivo.
- the residue of the drug compound is a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol or a bond between the spacer and the residue of the drug compound, wherein the reactive functional group in the drug compound and the carboxy CM alkyl
- a partial structure derived from a pharmaceutical compound present in a compound after binding, assuming that it is formed by a reaction with a reactive functional group in dextran polyalcohol or spacer (eg, dehydration condensation). is there.
- D-NH 2 when the pharmaceutical compound is represented by D-NH 2 , D-COOH, D-COOR, D-0H, D-SH, D-C0NH 2 , D-NH-C00R (R is a lower alkyl group, etc.) D-NH- (D-NH-C0-Q, etc.), D-CO- (D-CO-NH-Q, D-CO-OQ, D-C0-SQ, etc.) , D-CO- (D-CO-NH-Q, D-CO-OQ, D-C0-SQ, etc.), D-0- (D-0-C0-Q, DOQ, etc.), DS- (DS -CO-Q, DSQ, etc.), D-CONH- (D-C0-NH-C0-Q, etc.), D-NH-CO- (D-NH-C0-0-Q, D-NH-CO-NH (In the box, the bond between the spacer or the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol and the residue of the drug
- residue of the pharmaceutical compound examples include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, cyclocytidine, vincristine, vinplastin, methotrexet, a platinum-based antitumor agent (cisbratin or a derivative thereof), taxol or a derivative thereof.
- Camptothecin or a derivative thereof (the antitumor agent described in JP-A-6-87746, preferably (1S, 9S) -triamino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3 described in claim 2) -Dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3,4,: 6,7] indridino [1,2-b] quinoline-10,13 (9H , 15H) _dione, etc.).
- residues of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as hydrocortisone succinate and prednisolone succinate, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen and tinolidine are also suitable.
- a spacer consisting of one amino acid or a peptide-bonded 2 to 8 amino acids as a spacer that binds the residue of a pharmaceutical compound to carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol
- the spacer is a residue of one amino acid (a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom and one hydroxyl group from the amino group and carboxyl group of an amino acid, respectively).
- Preferred spacers are the residues of an oligonucleotide consisting of 2 to 6 amino acids.
- the type of amino acid constituting the spacer is not particularly limited.
- an L- or D-amino acid preferably an L-amino acid can be used.
- Acids, aminoaminobutyric acid and the like may be used.
- Amino acids other than such amino acids are preferably arranged in the spacer at a position close to the polysaccharide compound.
- the binding direction when using an oligopeptide spacer is not particularly limited, but generally, the N-terminus of the spacer is acid amide bonded to the carboxyl group of carboxy c 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol. And the C-terminus of the spacer can be bound to the amino group of the pharmaceutical compound.
- the N-terminus of the spacer is acid amide bonded to the carboxyl group of carboxy c 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol.
- the C-terminus of the spacer can be bound to the amino group of the pharmaceutical compound.
- an ⁇ -amino group and a £ -amino group of the lysine residue are acid-amide bonded to a carboxyl group of another amino acid.
- both ends of the peptide chain are both terminal ends, it becomes possible to bind the carboxy group of the pharmaceutical compound.
- one or more diamine compound or dicarboxylic acid compound residue (for example, diamine residue such as ethylenediamine ⁇ dicarboxylic acid residue such as succinic acid, etc.) in the spacer is a structural unit. It is also possible to use a spacer having both ends at the both ends and a spacer having both ends at the C end.
- the amino acid sequence when using a spacer composed of an oligopeptide is not particularly limited.
- the residue of a dipeptide represented by - ⁇ - ⁇ - (X is a hydrophobic amino acid) Z represents the residue of a hydrophilic amino acid
- -XZ- represents the hydrophobic amino acid (X) and hydrophilic amino acid (Z) at the N-terminal and C-terminal, respectively.
- X is a hydrophobic amino acid
- Z hydrophilic amino acid
- Z hydrophilic amino acid
- a spacer containing a peptide residue as a partial peptide sequence can be suitably used.
- hydrophobic amino acid for example, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine and the like
- hydrophilic amino acid for example, glycine, alanine and the like
- the donor may have a repeating sequence of such a peptide residue (eg, -X-Z-XZ-, -X-ZXZX-Z-, etc.).
- the basease is hydrolyzed at a tumor site or an inflammation site which is considered to be rich in beptidase, and , A high concentration of the pharmaceutical compound is released in a short time.
- the partial structure formed by bonding the spacer containing the dipeptide and the pharmaceutical compound is a preferred partial structure of the DDS compound of the present invention.
- a residue of a concentration-dependent antitumor agent for example, doxorubicin
- a peptide consisting of the above-mentioned peptide residue represented by -X-Z- It is preferable to use a spacer or a spacer containing the peptide residue as a partial peptide sequence.
- antitumor agents include, for example, the antitumor agents described in JP-A-6-87746, preferably the antitumor agents described in claim 2.
- it is not limited to the above-mentioned space, but is preferably used in view of the mechanism of action of the antitumor agent, characteristics of pharmacokinetics and toxicity, and release of the antitumor agent in the body. It is necessary to select a product. In general, it is preferable to select the above spacer that can release a high concentration of a pharmaceutical compound in a short period of time for a rapidly growing cancer type.
- oligonucleotides that can be used as spacers are shown in the following table.
- spacers used as needed for the DS compound are not limited to the following, and selection of whether or not to use spacers, or selection of the type when spacers are used Can of course be adjusted by a person skilled in the art to give an optimal release rate of the pharmaceutical compound (in the table, the peptide sequence is the N-terminal on the left,
- the residue of the drug compound binds to the C-terminal side.
- D-Phe indicates a D-phenylalanine residue
- other amino acids indicate L-amino acids.
- the magnitude of the release rate was determined based on the degree of efficacy of the DDS compound bound to doxorubicin against the Walker 256 tumor-bearing rat or the concentration of free doxorubicin in the tumor site of the Walker 256 tumor-bearing rat. ).
- spacers for doxorubicin, it is preferable to use a spacer capable of releasing a high concentration of a pharmaceutical compound in a short time, such as (N-terminal) -Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-. . table 1
- the DDS compound of the present invention is characterized in that it has a sugar compound-modified lipoxy ( 4- alkyldextran polyalcohol) as a polymer carrier.
- the carboxy C 1-4 alkyldextranpolyal in the DDS compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, dextran polyalcohol constituting carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol was obtained by treating dextran under conditions under which substantially complete polyalcoholization was possible. Dextran polyalcohol is preferred.
- the type of dextran used to produce the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol is not particularly limited, and may contain a-D-1,6-linkage in any ratio.
- dextran having a ratio of hy-D-1, 6-bond of 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more can be used.
- the molecular weight of dextran is not particularly limited.
- dextran having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 2,000,000, preferably about 3,000 to 800,000 can be used.
- Carboxy C 1-4 is a C 1-4 alkyl which constitutes the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl group Arukirudekisu Trang polyalcohols, straight chain or branched C 1-4 alkyl chain, for example, methyl, An ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group and the like can be used, but a methyl group can be preferably used.
- dextran polyalcohol in which dextran is substantially completely polyalcoholized.
- Carboxy C 1-4 alkylation can be carried out, for example, by adding chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, polychloropropionic acid, polymethyl-1-chloropropionic acid,?
- Halogenated C 1-4 alkyl carboxylic acids such as methyl monochloropropionic acid, monochlorobutyric acid, chlorobutyric acid, and chlorobutyric acid, preferably chloroacetic acid are reacted to form hydroxyl groups. This can be done by partial or complete carboxy c 1-4 alkylation.
- dextran polyalcohol is dissolved in an inert solvent that does not participate in the reaction (for example, water, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc.), and a base (for example, sodium hydroxide / hydrazine hydroxide) is dissolved.
- an inert solvent for example, water, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc.
- a base for example, sodium hydroxide / hydrazine hydroxide
- Halogenated C 1-4 alkyl carboxylic acid or a salt thereof is added in the presence of water, and the reaction may be carried out for several minutes to several days under ice-cooling or a temperature range of about 100 ° C.
- the degree of introduction of the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl group can be easily determined, for example, by appropriately selecting the reaction temperature of the carboxy C 1-4 alkylation and the amounts of the halogenated C 1-4 alkyl carboxylic acid and the base used as the reagent. And such means are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the degree of carboxy C 1-4 alkylation of the dextran polyalcohol with respect to the sugar residue is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 2.0, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.0.
- the type of sugar compound that modifies carboxy is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to conditions such as the type of organ to which the DDS compound is directed and the pharmacokinetics. Either a monosaccharide, an oligosaccharide, or a derivative thereof may be used as the saccharide compound.
- the type of the bond between the saccharide compound and the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol is not particularly limited.
- the saccharide compound and the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol may be directly bonded by, for example, a 0-glycoside bond or a 0-/?-Glycoside bond, or via an appropriate linker.
- linker one as used in may. herein they are both bound Te is sugar compound residue and a carboxy C 1-4 Arukirude
- Introduction amount of the sugar compound to the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextrose stringent run polyalcohol (the degree of substitution) is limited Can be appropriately selected depending on various conditions, such as the type of sugar compound, the desired degree of directivity, and the type of pharmaceutical compound. In general, the content of carboxy CH alkyl dextran polyalcohol is 0.01 to 0.01- It is about 1.0.
- the type of the linker is not particularly limited.
- These linkers are preferably linked at the 0-terminus or N-terminus, preferably at the 0-terminus, to a sugar compound with a 0-glycoside bond or a 0-?-Glycosidic bond, and the other end is a carboxy C 1-4 alkyldextran.
- Carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol can be modified with a sugar compound by forming an amide bond or an ester bond with a carboxyl group of polyalcohol.
- the modified class I compound is a compound in which a sugar compound is bound in a tuft form to a carboxyl group of carboxy c 1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol using a linker suitable for cluster monomodification.
- the column is described, for example, in Japanese Patent No. 2774417, Japanese Patent No. 2774429, or Biol. Pharm. Bull., 20, pp. 259-266, 1997.
- the modified class I is characterized by the fact that a plurality of sugar compounds are arranged in a certain space, so that the affinity with the receptor is enhanced and excellent organ directivity can be exhibited.
- Monosaccharides include hexoses such as glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, fucose, neuraminic acid, and peronic acid; hexosamines such as galactosamine and glucosamine; ribose, deoxyribose, arabinose, and xylose. Vent etc. can be mentioned.
- hexoses such as glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, fucose, neuraminic acid, and peronic acid
- hexosamines such as galactosamine and glucosamine
- ribose deoxyribose, arabinose, and xylose. Vent etc.
- these derivatives for example, N- or 0-acyl derivatives, 0-alkyl derivatives, sulfates, phosphates and the like may be used.
- monosaccharide derivatives there are N-acetylaminolaminate, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetyldarcosamine, mannose-6-phosphate, galactose-3-phosphate, 6-0 -Benzoylglucose, 6-0-carboxymethyl-N-acetylglucosamine, 2-N-benzylglucosamine and the like.
- oligosaccharide for example, a linear or branched hetero-oligosaccharide or homo-oligosaccharide composed of the above-mentioned monosaccharide or a derivative thereof can be used.
- sucrose, sialyl Lewis A, sialyl Lewis X, lactose, maltose, Lewis X, sulfated Lewis X and the like can be used.
- sugar compounds that enhance liver tropism include galactose or galactosamine or a derivative thereof, or an oligosaccharide having galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine on the non-reducing terminal side (eg, lactose). ) Is preferred, and galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine is particularly preferred.
- the method for producing the DDS compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a general production method will be described below. Further, one example thereof is shown specifically and in detail in the examples of the present specification. Those skilled in the art, referring to the production methods described in the following general description and examples, appropriately select production raw materials, reaction reagents, reaction conditions, and the like, and modify or modify the methods as necessary.
- the DDS compound included in the present invention can be easily produced.
- carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol is modified with a sugar compound according to an appropriate method, and the modified product is reacted with the residue of the pharmaceutical compound or a spacer bound to the pharmaceutical compound. Thereby, the DDS compound of the present invention can be produced.
- carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol is prepared as an aqueous solution in the form of an alkali metal salt such as sodium salt or magnesium salt, and the sugar compound is modified and the pharmaceutical compound (or conjugated to the pharmaceutical compound) is prepared.
- the reaction with water can be carried out in water or in a water-containing organic solvent.
- the carboxy 4- alkyldextran polyalcohol modified with carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol or sugar compound
- the carboxy is converted into the form of an organic amine salt, and the subsequent reaction is carried out in an organic solvent substantially free of water.
- the salt of an organic amine include salts of aliphatic amines such as triethylamine, trimethylamine, and triethanolamine, as well as N-methylbilysine, N-methylbiperidine, and N-methylmorpholine.
- salts of fat ⁇ or aromatic Amin such as dimethyl ⁇ amino pyridine, tetramethylammonium Niu arm chloride, can be used as quaternary Anmoniumu salts such as chloride Te tiger E chill ammonium Niu beam.
- carboxy C 1-4 Carboxy modified with alkyl dextran polyalcohol or sugar compound The conversion of the sodium salt of the C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol to the salt of the organic amine can be carried out using an ion exchange resin or the like.
- the sodium salt of carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol or its modified sugar compound was dissolved in water, applied to a column filled with Bio-Rad AG50W-X2 (200-400 mesh, H + type) resin, and eluted with water. Thereafter, an organic amine such as triethylamine can be added and freeze-dried. It is also possible to carry out the conversion in one step by dissolving sodium salt of carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol or its modified sugar compound in water and passing the solution through a triethylammonium type resin.
- C 1-4 bond of an alkyl dextran polyalcohol Cal Bokishiru group, or binding a pharmaceutical compound scan Bae one mono- was coupled with a carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol carboxyl group is generally The reactive amino group of the pharmaceutical compound itself or a reactive amino group of the drug (such as the N-terminal amino group in peptide drugs) and the carboxyl of the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol What is necessary is just to make an acid amide bond with a group.
- the bond between the spacer and the carboxy group of the carboxy ( 4- alkyldextran polyalcohol is not limited to the above, and other chemical bonds or one or more spacers may be bonded.
- an acid anhydride may be formed by the C-terminal carboxyl group of the peptide peptide or the carboxyl group of the pharmaceutical compound and the carboxyl group of the carboxy C 1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol.
- a diamine compound such as ethylenediamine may be used as a spacer, and each carboxyl group may be acid-amide-bonded to each amino group of diamine.
- N-terminal amino group of the base and the carboxyl group of carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol are When linked by a bond, a conventional dehydration condensing agent used for peptide chain synthesis, for example, N, N, -dicycloalkylcarbodiimide such as N, N, -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Imids, carbodiimide derivatives such as 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAPC), and triethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroxyquinoline (EEDQ)
- a benzotriazo such as trihydroxybenzotriazole (H0BT) may be used. May be added.
- the reaction may be performed by an active ester method, an acid halide method, or the like.
- the solvent is an organic solvent substantially free of water, and is a reactive species (a salt of an organic amine of carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound and a pharmaceutical compound or Any substance can be used as long as it can dissolve a spacer to which a pharmaceutical compound is bound.
- a reactive species a salt of an organic amine of carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound and a pharmaceutical compound or Any substance can be used as long as it can dissolve a spacer to which a pharmaceutical compound is bound.
- the amount of the residue of the drug compound introduced into the lipoxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with the sugar compound is not particularly limited, but the type of the residue of the drug compound, and the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, Should be selected appropriately from the viewpoint of toxicity and the like. Generally, a range of about 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably about 2 to 15% by weight can be selected.
- the amount introduced is, for example, about 1 to 15% by weight, preferably about 4 to 8% by weight.
- the ratio of the residues of the pharmaceutical compound introduced into the carboxy C 1-4 alkyldextran polyalcohol can be easily determined by, for example, absorbance analysis.
- the pharmaceutical compound when used as a pharmaceutical compound, is a compound having a lactone ring in an acidic aqueous medium (for example, about pH 3) ( It is known that the equilibrium is biased toward a ring-closed compound, while in a basic aqueous medium (eg, about pHIO), the equilibrium is biased toward a compound having a lactone ring opened (ring-opened product).
- an acidic aqueous medium for example, about pH 3
- a basic aqueous medium eg, about pHIO
- DDS compounds having residues corresponding to such closed and open forms have the same antitumor effect, however, carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with sugar compounds and the above-mentioned drugs
- a ring-opening reactive species is present in a reaction system when reacting with a spacer (for example, an oligopeptide spacer) to which a compound is bonded, a carboxyl group derived from a lactone ring and a spacer are used.
- Condensation reaction proceeds with an amino group derived from one source, which not only significantly lowers the reaction yield, but also sometimes makes it impossible to obtain a desired uniform DDS compound.
- Such side reactions are: This can be avoided by using a closed ring as a reactive species in a non-aqueous system where equilibrium is not achieved.
- the DDS compound of the present invention exerts a desired pharmaceutical activity locally on a tumor site or an inflammatory site depending on the type of the residue of the pharmaceutical compound (for example, the residue of the pharmaceutical compound such as an antitumor agent or an anti-inflammatory agent). It is characterized in that it can be specifically expressed and that the toxicity of the pharmaceutical compound itself can be reduced. Further, the DDS compound of the present invention has excellent vascular permeability.
- DDS compounds with oligopeptide spacers are readily hydrolyzed by the spacers and released drug The compound migrates into the cell and exerts its drug effect, or the DDS compound is taken into the cell via a receptor that recognizes the sugar of the target cell, and the drug released by the protease exerts its drug effect.
- carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol is lowly recognized as a foreign polymer in vivo, for example, in the liver, spleen, or bone marrow. For this reason, it is characterized by low transferability to these organs, while it is distributed at a high concentration in organs rich in the corresponding sugar receptor, depending on the type of sugar compound.
- the DDS compound of the present invention having galactose-modified carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol has excellent directivity to the liver. Therefore, a DDS compound bound with an antitumor agent as a pharmaceutical compound is useful for treating liver cancer.
- the medicament containing the DDS compound of the present invention can be usually filled into vials and the like in the form of a lyophilized product, and is provided clinically as a parenteral administration formulation such as a dissolution-type injection or infusion formulation.
- a parenteral administration formulation such as a dissolution-type injection or infusion formulation.
- the pharmaceutical form of such a drug is not limited to the above embodiment.
- additives for preparations available in the art such as a solubilizer, a pH adjuster, and a stabilizer can be used, and the above-mentioned preparations can be prepared as a pharmaceutical composition.
- the dose of the above drug is not particularly limited, but usually, the dose of the drug compound constituting the residue of the drug compound, the amount of the residue of the drug compound introduced into the DDS compound, the condition of the patient or disease. Decide in consideration of types, etc. Should.
- parenteral administration is required. is generally one day per body surface area 1 m 2 diary about 0. 1 to 100 mg extent, preferably administered once in a range of about L ⁇ 30 mg, preferably a this repeating administered every 3 to 4 weeks .
- the present invention provides a method for measuring a DDS compound in which a polymer carrier and a residue of a drug compound are bound via a peptide containing 2 to 8 amino acids bound to a peptide.
- the present invention provides a method comprising a step of measuring a hydrolyzate obtained by treating the DDS compound with beptidase.
- the term “measurement” needs to be interpreted in the broadest sense, including measurement performed for the purpose of quantification, qualitativeness, etc., but preferably means quantification.
- the DDS compound to be subjected to the measurement method of the present invention is a compound in which the polymer carrier and the residue of the drug conjugate are bound via a spacer containing 2 to 8 amino acids linked to a peptide. It should not be construed as limiting in any way. Examples of peptides containing 2 to 8 amino acids with peptide bonds include a peptide consisting of only 2 to 8 amino acids with peptide bonds, and 2 to 8 amino acids with peptide bonds.
- the phenylene group may have one or more substituents, and is preferably a p-phenylene group).
- Examples include spacers having a linking group bonded thereto.
- the measurement method of the present invention can be used, for example, for measuring the concentration of a DDS compound itself contained in a biological sample such as blood or body fluid.
- the method of the present invention can be used to measure the amount of the residual drug compound introduced into the DDS compound (for example, the weight% of the drug compound residue relative to the total weight of the DDS compound). .
- the meaning of the residue of the drug compound contained in the DDS compound to be measured by the method of the present invention is the same as that described above, and the drug compound is a bond with spacer.
- Any compound may be used as long as it has one or more reactive functional groups (for example, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an ester group, etc.) that can participate in the combination.
- the residue of the pharmaceutical compound may be bound to the N-terminal amino group or C-terminal carboxyl group of the spacer or a reactive functional group present in the amino acid constituting the spacer.
- residue of the drug compound are as described for the DDS compound in which the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with the sugar compound and the residue of the drug compound are bonded via a spacer.
- residues of pharmaceutical compounds that can be suitably used.
- the meaning of the residue of the pharmaceutical compound contained in the DDS compound to be measured in the method of the present invention is to bind to the polymer carrier via a spacer, and a preferred spacer is a peptide bond.
- a preferred spacer is a peptide bond.
- -NH-Y '-CH 2 -to the oligonucleotide residue consisting of 2 to 8 amino acids or the oligopeptide consisting of 2 to 8 amino acids bonded to peptide 0-C0- (wherein, Y, represents a ⁇ -phenylene group) is a spacer to which a linking group is bonded, and the type of amino acid constituting the spacer, Sa first binding direction, the amino acid sequence, etc.
- the polymer carrier constituting the DDS compound for example, in addition to the polysaccharide derivative, a synthetic polymer can be used, etc.
- the polysaccharide derivative and the synthetic polymer have substantially no toxicity to living organisms
- any of polysaccharide derivatives and synthetic polymers conventionally used in the production of DDS-conjugated compounds can be used as a polymer carrier.
- a polysaccharide derivative having a carboxyl group can be preferably used, and a polyalcoholized polysaccharide derivative can be particularly preferably used.
- Synthetic polymers include, for example, polyethylene glycols, polyglutamic acid, Polyamino acids such as polyaspartic acid or polylysine; or Derivatives of polyvinyl compounds such as N- (2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide derivatives can be mentioned.
- polysaccharide derivative having a carboxyl group for example, a polysaccharide or a derivative obtained by chemically or biologically modifying the polysaccharide can be used, and one having a carboxyl group in the molecule is preferably used. be able to.
- polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid, carboxylic acid, alginic acid, chondroitin, heparin, pullulan, dextran, mannan, chitin, inulin, levan, xylan
- Polysaccharides such as araban, mannoglucan, and chitosan, in which a functional group having a carboxy group is introduced into a part or all of the hydroxyl groups, can be used.
- those obtained by alkylating a hydroxyl group with carboxy C 1-4 or those obtained by esterifying a hydroxyl group with one carboxyl group of a polybasic acid can be suitably used.
- those obtained by introducing a functional group having a carboxyl group after polyalcoholizing the above polysaccharide may be used.
- a DDS compound using carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol as a polymer carrier is a particularly suitable measurement object in the method of the present invention.
- the degree of polyalcoholization of the carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol, the type of dextran used for the production, and the production method are determined by comparing the carboxy ( 4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with the sugar compound with the residue of the drug compound). This is the same as that described for the above-mentioned DDS compound bonded via a pen.
- a DDS compound using a polymer carrier modified with a sugar compound as a polymer carrier is also a suitable object of the measurement method of the present invention.
- carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound can be suitably used as the polymer carrier.
- the method of modifying the polymer carrier with the sugar compound, the type of the sugar compound, and the like are the same as those described above for the carboxy- 4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with the sugar compound.
- the object of the measurement method of the present invention is to use a linker suitable for so-called class modification. It may be a DDS compound (so-called modified class) produced by the above method.
- modified class a linker suitable for so-called class modification.
- the concept of class modification is similar to that described above for carboxy C 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohols modified with sugar compounds.
- the method of the present invention is characterized in that, when measuring the above-mentioned DDS compound, a hydrolyzate obtained by allowing peptidase to act on the DDS compound is measured.
- Peptidases that can hydrolyze the oligopeptide portion (oligopeptide portion in which 2 to 8 amino acids are peptide-bonded) included in the DDS compound range are used. Is not particularly limited. For example, subtilisin, hy-chymotrypsin, type IV collagenase, pepsin, sa-molysin, papain, eras yu-ze, and the like can be used.
- the type of the hydrolyzate is not particularly limited, it is desirable that the hydrolyzate can be detected by ordinary spectroscopic techniques such as an ultraviolet absorption spectrum and a fluorescence spectrum.
- a hydrolyzate in addition to the pharmaceutical compound itself, a compound in which a part of the spacer remains and binds to the residue of the pharmaceutical compound, for example, one amino acid derived from the spacer , A pharmaceutical compound to which an oligopeptide consisting of 2 to 8 amino acids derived from a spacer is bound, or -NH-Y-CO-, wherein Y is 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a part or all of the reactive functional groups of the pharmaceutical compound may have undergone hydrolysis. By selecting an appropriate peptidase according to the type of the DDS compound, a desired hydrolyzate can be measured.
- Samples for measurement include biological samples such as blood, lymph, saliva, urine, faeces, and extirpated tissues isolated from animals (including humans) to which the DDS compound has been administered, as well as an aqueous solution of the DDS compound or substantially Solutions of aqueous organic solvents that do not interfere with the enzyme reaction Which can be used.
- Suitable reaction conditions for various peptidases are known in the art, and those skilled in the art will recognize appropriate reaction conditions depending on the type of peptidase, for example, substrate concentration, pH, buffer, reaction temperature, reaction temperature, etc. Time can be easily selected.
- the above sample is subjected to pretreatment such as homogenate or deproteination as required, and then beptidase is added to a reaction solution in which the DDS compound is diluted to a desired substrate concentration, and the DDS compound is added. The reaction may be continued until it is completely hydrolyzed.
- the method for measuring the hydrolyzate is not particularly limited.However, when quantifying the DDS compound or the amount of the introduced pharmaceutical compound, depending on the nature of the hydrolyzate, ultraviolet absorption spectrum measurement, fluorescence spectrum measurement, etc. It is desirable to use ordinary spectroscopic methods alone or in combination. Further, the measurement may be performed by appropriately combining separation operations such as high performance liquid chromatography. By creating a calibration curve in the measurement system in advance, it is possible to perform quantification with high accuracy. It should be noted that, in the examples of the present specification, typical examples of the method of the present invention are specifically and in detail described. Therefore, those skilled in the art will be able to use the above general description and the specific description of the examples. The method of the present invention can be easily carried out by appropriately modifying or modifying them as necessary. Example
- Carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol which is a high molecular carrier (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as CM-Dex-PA or CM dextran polyalcohol), and an antitumor agent (described in claim 2 of JP-A-6-87746) (1S, 9S) -Triamino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3,, 4 ,: 6,7] indridino [1,2-b] quinoline-10,13 (9H, 15H) -dione: Abbreviated as DX-8951 in the examples.
- a DDS compound (Compound 1) was produced according to the method described in Example 15 of International Publication W097 / 46260. CM-Dex-PA having an average molecular weight of 228 K and a degree of carboxymethylation (degree of substitution of carboxymethyl group per constituent sugar residue) of 0.4 was used.
- the DDS compound 10-1 prepared to 400 ⁇ g / ml in distilled water was added to 180/1 Britton Robinson buffer (pH 6.0), and the polychymotrypsin solution was further adjusted to 10 mg / ml in distilled water. Was added 10/1.
- 200 JUL of 0.5 N HC1 solution containing 50% acetonitrile was added, and the released hydrolyzate (glycine derived from sugar was DX-8951
- the compound described in Example 50 of International Publication W097 / 46260, hereinafter abbreviated as G-DX-8951) was quantified by HPLC.
- a DDS compound (compound 2) in which CM-Dex-PA and DX-8951 are bound via a spacer represented by -Gly-Gly-Gly-Phe-NH- (C3 ⁇ 4) 4 -CO- It was manufactured as follows. 5—Aminopen Penic acid (1.0 g), P-toluenesulfonic acid (1.95 g) and benzyl alcohol (5 ml) in toluene (50 ml) at 140 ° C using Dean-Stark to produce water The reaction was carried out for 5 hours while removing. The reaction solution was concentrated, and ether was added to the obtained residue to solidify. The obtained solid was filtered, washed with ether and dried to obtain 2.9 g of tosyl acid salt of 5-aminopentyl benzyl ester.
- Boc-Gly-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH (575 mg), HOSu (182 mg), and DCC (326 mg) were dissolved in DMF (20 ml) and stirred for 30 minutes.
- DMF 20 ml
- Boc-Gly-Gly-Gly-Phe-NH- (CH 2 ) 4 -COOBzl (Bzl represents a benzyl group).
- Boc-Gly-Gly-Gly- Dissolve Phe-NH- (CH 2 ) 4 -C00Bzl (380 mg) in 50% aqueous methanol (20 ml), add 5% Pd-C (50% aqueous) (300 mg), and stir for 1 ⁇ under normal pressure of hydrogen did.
- the catalyst in the reaction solution was removed by filtration and concentrated to dryness to obtain 330 mg of Boc-Gly-Gly-Gly-Phe-NH- (C NH) 4 -C00H.
- Boc-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly- Phe-NH- (CH 2) dissolved 4 -C00H and (150 mg) DCC and (70 mg) HOSu a (40 mg) in DMF, and stirred for 30 minutes.
- a solution of DX-8951 (160 mg) and triethylamine (0.040 ml) dissolved in DMF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
- Reaction liquid was diluted with ultrapure water, low molecules were removed using an ultrafiltration membrane (50K), freeze-dried, the resulting powder was dissolved in 3M saline, added dropwise to ethanol, and the precipitated solid was centrifuged. Separated by separation. The supernatant was removed, the solid was dissolved in water again, and low molecular weight was removed with an ultrafiltration membrane (50K).
- the hydrolyzate in the enzyme reaction solution was quantified by a calibration curve prepared using a solution containing 2 nmol / ml of the bound DX-8951 (FG-DX-8951).
- subtilisin A and spike-chymotrypsin released 100% of G-DX-8951 from compound 1 under the above conditions.
- thermolysin released FG-DX-8951 by 100 °.
- Meth A cells (lxlO 6 cells / mouse) subcultured and maintained intraperitoneally were transplanted intraperitoneally into BALB / c (c>) mice. After intraperitoneal administration at 2.5 mg / kg (equivalent to DX-8951), blood was collected from the heart over time (2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours), left for 10 minutes, and then 12,000. A serum was obtained by centrifugation at 10 rpm for 10 minutes, and the cancerous ascites was collected at that time.
- thermolysin solution adjusted to 2 mg / ml using 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.5 / 0.1 M CaCl 2 was added to 25 jul of the supernatant, and reacted at 50 ° C for 1 hour.
- 250 ⁇ l of 0.5 N HC1 containing 50% acetonitrile was added, and 20 ⁇ l of the solution was subjected to HPLC analysis using a Symmetry C18 (4.6 ⁇ 100 thigh) as a column.
- the solution (1: 2) was eluted with a 0.1 M AcONa (pH 5) solution containing 41%, and the hydrolyzate was detected by fluorescence spectrum measurement (Ex. 375 nm, Em.
- Meth A cells (lx10 6 cels / mouse) maintained in the intraperitoneal cavity were transplanted intraperitoneally into BALB / c () mice, and 5 days later, compound 1 (DX-8951 content: 6.6%) was transferred. They were intravenously administered at 10 and 2.5 mg / kg (DX-8951 equivalent) (3 animals per group). After administration, blood was collected from the heart over time (5 minutes, 30 minutes, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours), allowed to stand for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum. . In addition, the cancerous ascites at that time was collected.
- a DDS compound having a polymer carrier modified with a sugar compound was produced as follows. In the following scheme, one or two structural units having a carboxymethyl group introduced as a structural unit of a sugar chain are exemplarily described, but the carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol portion of the DDS compound described in the Examples is It should be understood that the above structural units are not constituted by repetition.
- the degree of carboxymethylation of carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol was 0.1 N after converting sodium salt of carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol to free acid form. It was determined by dissolving in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and titrating with 0.1N hydrochloric acid.
- the amount (% by weight) of the drug introduced was determined by absorbance analysis (around 362 dishes) using the characteristic absorption of the drug. Further, the gel filtration method was performed under the following conditions (column: TSK gel G4000 PW X, eluent: 0.1 M NaC flow rate: 0.8 ml / min, column temperature: 40.C).
- the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (hexane: ethyl acetate 2: 1) using silica gel to obtain 3.3 g of a chloro form.
- the obtained chlorinated product (3.3 g) and NaN 3 (2.0 g) were stirred in DMF (15 ml) at 60 ° C. for 2 days.
- the solvent was distilled off, the residue was dissolved in a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate was filtered off, and the solvent was distilled off to obtain 2.8 g of an azide form.
- the obtained azide compound (1.5 g) was dissolved in methanol (30 ml), a 28% MeONa-containing methanol solution was added until the solution pH reached 10, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour.
- Dowex in reaction solution 50WX8 (H +) was added until the solution became neutral, the resin was filtered off, and the solvent was distilled off.
- the obtained residue was dissolved in a mixture of methanol (50 ml) and water (10 ml), 5% Pd-C (50% water-containing) (2.0 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour under a normal pressure of hydrogen.
- the catalyst was removed by filtration, and the solvent was distilled off, thereby obtaining 1.2 g of Compound 2-2.
- the pH was adjusted to 7.5 using an 8 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under ice cooling.
- the above process was performed twice, the resulting two aqueous solutions were combined into one, and the residual solution was removed by ultrafiltration using a Biomax-3 membrane (Millipore) to remove the low molecular fraction. Obtained.
- This residual solution was passed through a Biomax-30 membrane.
- the passed solution was desalted by an ultrafiltration method using a Biomax-3 membrane, and then lyophilized to obtain purified dextran polyalcohol (12.0 g).
- the molecular weight (gel filtration, pullulan standard) of this material was 9K.
- the purified dextran polyalcohol (9.4 g) was added to an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving sodium hydroxide (39.3 g) in water (282 ml), and dissolved at room temperature. Monochloroacetic acid (56.4 g) was added to this solution under ice cooling to dissolve it, and then reacted at room temperature for 20 hours. After the pH of the reaction solution was adjusted to 8 with acetic acid, the low-molecular fraction was removed by an ultrafiltration method using a Biomax-5 membrane. The residual solution was freeze-dried to obtain carboxymethyl (hereinafter abbreviated as CM) dextran polyalcohol sodium salt (12 g).
- CM carboxymethyl
- CM dextran polyalcohol 4.0 g was added to an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving sodium hydroxide (17 g) in water (120 ml), and dissolved at room temperature.
- Monochloroacetic acid 24 g was added to this solution under ice cooling to dissolve it, and then reacted at room temperature for 20 hours.
- CM dextran polyalcohol sodium salt (4.0 g).
- the molecular weight (gel filtration, pullulan standard) of this substance was 14K, and the degree of CM per sugar residue was 0.7 from alkali titration.
- the obtained sodium salt of CM dextran polyalcohol (1.0 g) was dissolved in water (100 ml), and a solution of the compound 2-2 of Example 1 (800 mg) in methanol (100 ml) was added.
- water-soluble carbodiimide hydrochloride (240 mg) was added three times every two hours, and the mixture was stirred for a total of six hours.
- the solvent in the reaction solution was distilled off, the obtained oil was dissolved in water, and desalted by ultrafiltration using Biomax-3.
- the obtained aqueous solution was freeze-dried to obtain 1.1 g of the title compound.
- the galactose content in the compound As a result of quantification by the enol-sulfuric acid method, the ratio was 1.0 per 10 sugar residues.
- the sodium salt of galactose-modified CM dextran polyalcohol (1.0 g) obtained in (B) above was dissolved in water (30 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid of Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-DX-8951 was dissolved.
- a methanol solution (40 ml) of the salt (150 mg) and trihydroxybenzotriazole (35 mg) was added.
- the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0, water-soluble carbodiimide hydrochloride (35 mg) was added three times every two hours, and the mixture was stirred for one minute.
- the solvent in the reaction solution was distilled off, and the obtained residue was dissolved in 3M aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 ml), added dropwise to ethanol (100 ml), and the deposited precipitate was centrifuged (3500 rpm, 8 minutes) Collected by This precipitate was dissolved in water and desalted by ultrafiltration using a Biomax-3 membrane. The residual solution that did not pass through the membrane was filtered through a Millipore filter (0.22 ⁇ m), and then lyophilized to obtain 900 m of the title compound.
- the galactose-modified DDS compound obtained in the above (C) and the DDS compound of the above (D) as a control were dissolved in distilled water for injection so that the concentration converted to DX-8951 was 0.5 mg / ml. Prepared. These DDS compound aqueous solutions were administered to C57BL / 6 mice in a group of 5 mice per tail vein. The dose was 5 mg / kg in terms of DX-8951. After administration, livers were collected over time (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours) and the amount of these DDS compounds was determined. Water was added 5 times the weight of the obtained liver, and homogenized.
- the solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 15 minutes.
- To 50.1 of the obtained supernatant was added 450 ⁇ l of a poly-chymotrypsin solution adjusted to 2 mg / ml with Br-ton-Robinson Buffer (B.R.B) at pH 6, and reacted at 40 ° C for 2 hours.
- B.R.B Br-ton-Robinson Buffer
- add 500 ⁇ l of 0.5N HCl solution containing 50% acetonitrile centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and analyze 20 201 of the supernatant by HPLC to quantify the released G-DX8951.
- the amount of DDS compound was determined.
- the aqueous solution of each DDS compound used for the administration was adjusted to 50, 10, and 2 g / ml with distilled water, and each of them was enzymatically treated with the above method to quantify G-DX8951. was used as the calibration curve.
- aqueous solution (5000 ml) of sodium periodate (165.0 g) was added to 0.1 g of a 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5.5) (5000 ml) of dextran T500 (Pharmacia, molecular weight 500K) (50 g).
- ethylene glycol (35.0 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight.
- pH of the reaction solution was adjusted to 6.5 using an 8M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under ice-cooling, a solution of sodium borohydride (70 g) suspended in water (2000 ml) was added. After dissolution, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.
- the mixture was cooled on ice, adjusted to pH 5.5 with acetic acid, and stirred at 4 ° C for 1 hour.
- the pH was adjusted to 7.5 using an 8 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under ice cooling.
- the obtained aqueous solution was subjected to ultrafiltration using a Biomax-50 membrane to remove a low molecular weight fraction to obtain a residual solution.
- This residual solution was passed through an ultrafiltration membrane (1000K, manufactured by Filtron).
- the passed solution was desalted by an ultrafiltration method using a Biomax-50 membrane, and then freeze-dried to obtain dextran polyalcohol (21.1 g).
- the molecular weight (gel filtration, pullulan standard) of this material was 128K.
- the dextran polyalcohol (5 g) obtained above was added to an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving sodium hydroxide (13.84 g) in water (150 ml), and dissolved at room temperature. To this solution was added sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid (61.6 g) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature overnight. After adjusting the pH of the reaction solution to 8.5, a low-molecular fraction was removed by ultrafiltration using a Biomax-50 membrane. The high molecular fraction was freeze-dried to obtain sodium salt of CM dextran polyalcohol (6.2 g).
- the molecular weight (gel filtration, pullulan standard) of this substance was 428K, and the degree of conversion to CM per sugar residue was 0.9 from alkali titration.
- the obtained sodium salt of CM dextran polyalcohol (500 mg) was dissolved in water (50 ml), and a solution of compound 2-2 (400 mg) of Example 1 in methanol (20 ml) was added to trihydroxybenzotriazole. (160 mg) in methanol (20 ml) was added. Further, water-soluble carbodiimide hydrochloride (120 mg) was added three times every two hours, followed by stirring for a total of six hours. The solvent in the reaction solution was distilled off, and the obtained oil was dissolved in water.
- the low molecular fraction was removed by an ultrafiltration method using a Biomax-50 membrane.
- the residual solution was lyophilized to obtain 600 mg of the desired product.
- the galactose content in this compound was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and as a result, the ratio was 1.7 per 10 sugar residues.
- the obtained sodium salt of galactose-modified CM dextran polyalcohol (200 mg) was dissolved in water (3 ml), and a methanol solution of trifluoroacetic acid salt of Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-DX-8951 (27 mg) ( 3 ml) and a solution of trihydroxybenzotriazole (7 mg) in methanol (3 ml) were added.
- the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0, water-soluble carbodiimide hydrochloride (7 mg) was added three times every 2 hours, and the mixture was stirred for 1 minute.
- the solvent in the reaction solution was distilled off, and the obtained residue was dissolved in a 3M aqueous sodium chloride solution (10 ml), added dropwise to ethanol (100 ml), and the deposited precipitate was collected by centrifugation (3500 rpm). This precipitate was dissolved in water and desalted by an ultrafiltration method using a Biomax-50 membrane.
- the residual solution that did not pass through the membrane was filtered through a Millipore filter (0.22 m), and then lyophilized to obtain 180 mg of the title compound.
- N-acetylgalactosamine-modified CM dextran polyalcohol 200 mg was dissolved in water (10 ml), and the Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-DX-8951 trif citrate acetate (30 mg) was dissolved in methanol. (10 ml) and a solution of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (30 mg) in methanol (10 ml) were added. After adjusting the pH of the solution to 7.0, water-soluble carbodiimide hydrochloride (10 mg) was added three times every two hours. After stirring for 2 hours, the pH was brought to 8.5. The low molecular fraction was removed from the reaction solution by an ultrafiltration method using a Biomax-50 membrane.
- DX-8951 for the calibration curve, the content of DX-8951 in the above DDS compound was calculated to be 4.0%. On the other hand, when the DX-8951 content was calculated from the UV absorption of the above DDS compound using DX-8951 as a calibration curve, it was calculated to be 3.3%.
- Example 11 CM-Dex-PA- Gly -Gly- Gly-Phe-NH-Y, the measurement of the DX-8951 content in the -CH 2 -0- CO-DX- 8951
- Example 12 Measurement of DX-8951 content in CM-Dex-PA-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-NH- (C3 ⁇ 4) 4 -C0-DX-8951
- DX-8951 content was calculated from the UV absorption of the above DDS compound using DX-8951 as a calibration curve, it was calculated to be 3.1%.
- Example 13 Determination of DXR content in CM-Dex-PA-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-DXR (DXR: doxorubicin)
- Example 15 Synthesis of CM-Dex-PA-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-NH- (CH 2 ) 4 -C0-DX-8951
- Boc- Gly- Gly- Phe- Gly-NH- ( CH 2) 4 - COOBzl dissolved in (560 mg) was 503 ⁇ 4 aqueous methanol (60 ml), 5% Pd- C (50% water content) of (1.5 g) was added The mixture was stirred under normal pressure of hydrogen for 1 ⁇ . Filtration of the catalyst in the reaction solution was concentrated to dryness, Boc-Gly- Gly- Phe- Gly- NH- (CH 2) 4 - C00H was obtained 300 m.
- Boc-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-NH- (CH 2 ) 4 -C00H (300 mg), DCC (138 mg) and HOSu (77 mg) were dissolved in DMF and stirred for 30 minutes.
- a solution of DX-8951 (317 mg) and triethylamine (0.078 ml) dissolved in DMF was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (C3 ⁇ 4Cl 2 : MeOH 2 10: 1) to give Boc-Gly-Gly-Ply-Phe-Gly-NH- (CH 2 ) 4 -C0- DX-8951 was obtained 400 m.
- the DDS compound of the present invention using a carboxy c 1-4 alkyl dextran polyalcohol modified with a sugar compound as a high molecular weight carrier is extremely high in organ directivity and is useful as a drug capable of exhibiting an excellent therapeutic effect. Further, the method for measuring a DDS compound of the present invention can accurately and easily quantify the blood concentration of a DDS compound and the content of a residue of a drug compound introduced into the DDS compound. It can be used as a very useful method for clinical application.
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Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/807,980 US6811996B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | DDS compounds and method for assaying the same |
EA200100485A EA003790B1 (ru) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | Соединение сдлс и способ его измерения |
MXPA01004239A MXPA01004239A (es) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | Compuesto dds y metodo para la medicion del mismo. |
CA002348931A CA2348931A1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | Dds compound and method for measurement thereof |
IL14284299A IL142842A0 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | Dds compounds and method for assaying the same |
EP99952805A EP1155702A4 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | DDS CONNECTIONS AND TEST METHODS |
AU64880/99A AU765409B2 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | DDS compounds and method for assaying the same |
KR1020017005434A KR20010090602A (ko) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | 디디에스 화합물 및 그의 측정방법 |
BR9915198-7A BR9915198A (pt) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | Composto dds e método para medição do mesmo |
NO20012128A NO20012128L (no) | 1998-10-30 | 2001-04-30 | DDS-forbindelse og metode for måling av denne |
HK02104211.3A HK1042438A1 (zh) | 1998-10-30 | 2002-06-03 | Dds化合物及其測定方法 |
US10/822,661 US7041818B2 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2004-04-13 | DDS compound and method for measurement thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP10/310130 | 1998-10-30 | ||
JP31013098 | 1998-10-30 | ||
JP10/329272 | 1998-11-19 | ||
JP32927298 | 1998-11-19 |
Related Child Applications (3)
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US09/807,980 A-371-Of-International US6811996B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | DDS compounds and method for assaying the same |
US09807980 A-371-Of-International | 1999-10-29 | ||
US10/822,661 Continuation US7041818B2 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2004-04-13 | DDS compound and method for measurement thereof |
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WO2000025825A1 true WO2000025825A1 (fr) | 2000-05-11 |
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PCT/JP1999/006016 WO2000025825A1 (fr) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | Composes dds et procede de dosage de ces composes |
Country Status (15)
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US (2) | US6811996B1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1619210A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20010090602A (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1191093C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU765409B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9915198A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2348931A1 (ja) |
EA (1) | EA003790B1 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1042438A1 (ja) |
ID (1) | ID29943A (ja) |
IL (1) | IL142842A0 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA01004239A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO20012128L (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI232930B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000025825A1 (ja) |
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EP1298145A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2003-04-02 | Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Dds compound and process for the preparation thereof |
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- 1999-10-29 EA EA200100485A patent/EA003790B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-29 AU AU64880/99A patent/AU765409B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 1999-10-29 IL IL14284299A patent/IL142842A0/xx unknown
- 1999-10-29 CN CNB998152889A patent/CN1191093C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-29 BR BR9915198-7A patent/BR9915198A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-29 MX MXPA01004239A patent/MXPA01004239A/es unknown
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- 1999-10-30 TW TW091113738A patent/TWI232930B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2001
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2348931A1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
EP1619210A1 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
EP1155702A4 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
AU765409B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
KR20010090602A (ko) | 2001-10-18 |
EA003790B1 (ru) | 2003-10-30 |
MXPA01004239A (es) | 2002-06-04 |
BR9915198A (pt) | 2001-08-14 |
NO20012128D0 (no) | 2001-04-30 |
EP1155702A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
NO20012128L (no) | 2001-06-20 |
TWI232930B (en) | 2005-05-21 |
ID29943A (id) | 2001-10-25 |
CN1191093C (zh) | 2005-03-02 |
AU6488099A (en) | 2000-05-22 |
IL142842A0 (en) | 2002-03-10 |
CN1661044A (zh) | 2005-08-31 |
HK1042438A1 (zh) | 2002-08-16 |
US6811996B1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
US20040192644A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
CN1332640A (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
US7041818B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
EA200100485A1 (ru) | 2001-12-24 |
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