Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
  • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
  • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
  • B22F9/026—Spray drying of solutions or suspensions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
  • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
  • B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
  • B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
  • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
  • B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
  • B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
  • C01G39/006—Compounds containing molybdenum, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
  • C01G41/006—Compounds containing tungsten, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
  • C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
  • C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
  • C01G49/0063—Mixed oxides or hydroxides containing zinc
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
  • C01G49/009—Compounds containing iron, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
  • C01G51/80—Compounds containing cobalt, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
  • C01G51/82—Compounds containing cobalt, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
  • C01G53/80—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
  • C01G53/82—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
  • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
  • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
  • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
  • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
  • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
  • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
  • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
  • C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
  • C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
  • C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
  • C01P2006/12—Surface area
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
  • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
  • C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles

Definitions

• Micronic pre-alloyed metal powder based on 3d transition metals Micronic pre-alloyed metal powder based on 3d transition metals.
• the invention relates to novel micron metallic powders based on 3d transition metals.
• the metal parts used concretely are generally metal alloys. It is recalled that the metal alloys, according to the characteristics of mutual solubility of the constituent metals, can be single-phase or polyphase systems.
• pre-alloyed powders it is possible in particular to use techniques of coprecipitation of salts or of metal hydroxides.
• the coprecipitates, dried and optionally ground, are then subjected to the action of a reducing agent, for example hydrogen, in order to obtain metallic powders.
• a reducing agent for example hydrogen
• suspensions containing the metal salts or hydroxides can be prepared in the required proportions, and the suspensions obtained are subjected to a co-drying operation by atomization. Particles are thus obtained whose composition in metal salts and / or hydroxides is homogeneous. These particles can then be reduced to pre-bonded metal powders using a reducing agent.
• micron powders are called powders such that the largest dimension of the elementary grains is greater than 200 nm and less than 5 micrometers. The dimensions of the elementary grains can be measured in particular with a scanning electron microscope. Micron powders must be distinguished from nanometric powders, the elementary grains of which have dimensions of less than about 100 nm.
• the invention relates to new metallic powders based on at least two 3d transition metals chosen from iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc and copper, and which may also contain molybdenum.
• the powders of the invention have advantageous properties in various applications, as will be specified in the following description.
• the subject of the invention is therefore a pre-alloyed metal powder consisting essentially of at least two transition metals chosen from iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc, and which can also contain molybdenum when the iron content is greater than or equal to 50% by weight, and possibly 0 to 3% by weight of an additive, said pre-alloyed metallic powder having elementary grain dimensions, measured with a scanning electron microscope, greater than 200 nm and less than 5 ⁇ m ; as well as a sintered part obtained using such a powder.
• a powder “consisting essentially” of such and such a metal contains each of these metals in an amount of more than 1% by weight, and in particular of more than 3 % in weight.
• Such a constituent when it can be used in an amount of less than 3%, and in particular of less than 2% or less than 1%, is then considered as an additive in alloys where it is present in such low proportions .
• the additives can in practice be any metal or metalloid capable of improving the properties of the powders or sintered parts. In a given powder, the additives can be chosen in particular from all the metals which are not essential constituents (as defined above) of the powder, or the oxides of these metals.
• additives may in particular be to improve the sintering operations. It is known that the presence of an additive, even in very small quantities (for example of the order of 0.1%) often often significantly lowers the sintering temperature. The choice of additives and their quantity can be determined by simple routine experiments.
• the percentages of metals are percentages by weight, based on the total weight of the metals of the powder. It is known that metal powders tend to oxidize in air, this oxidation increasing over time and with the more or less oxidizable nature of the metals present.
• the total oxygen content (measured by reduction using carbon), leaving the oven where the reduction of hydroxides and / or metal salts has been carried out, is generally less than 2% based on the total weight of the powder.
• the powders of the invention can be prepared according to the methods of co-precipitation and optionally spray drying, followed by reduction, which have been described above and which are known per se.
• the choice of temperature and reduction time can be determined using simple routine experiments, including thermogravimetric analysis.
• the size of the elementary grains can be optimized knowing that this size increases with temperature and with the duration of heating, during the reduction operation.
• the invention also relates to sintered parts obtained from such powders, and more generally to all finished industrial articles containing these powders.
• powders consisting essentially of iron and nickel; iron, nickel and molybdenum; iron, copper or nickel; or iron, copper, nickel and molybdenum.
• Such powders are used to prepare special sintered steels.
• Such powders can be used in particular for preparing by sintering cemented carbides (with tungsten carbide) and cermets (with titanium carbide). (c) those consisting essentially of 60 to 95% by weight of copper and from 5 to
• Such powders can be used in particular in the manufacture by sintering of diamond tools, electrical parts, or material for welding (brazing).
• Such powders can serve as binders in the preparation by sintering of diamond tools. They can also serve as magnetic pigments (for example for paints), or also serve for the preparation of sintered magnets.
• Such powders can be used in particular as binders in the preparation by sintering of diamond tools, or even as a base for special sintered steels.
• powders consisting essentially of iron, nickel, cobalt and copper, and of at least one additive, in a content of not more than 3% by weight, the proportions of the constituents being as follows: less than 50% , and in particular less than 40%, for iron, more than 1% to 50% for copper, more than 1% to 50% for cobalt, and 30% to 90% for the whole iron + nickel.
• These powders can be used as a base for sintered special steels, or even as binders for sintered diamond tools.
• (g) powders consisting essentially of 40% to 85% by weight of copper, 5% to 40% by weight of iron, 0% to 30% by weight of cobalt, and 5% to 40% of zinc. These powders can serve in particular as binders for sintered diamond tools.
• the invention also relates to the use of a powder as defined above as a magnetic pigment in paints or as a powder allowing the production of sintered parts which can be used as parts conducting electricity, solders, magnets, special steels, cutting tools or abrasion, diamond or titanium carbide or tungsten carbide.
• a powder as defined above as a magnetic pigment in paints or as a powder allowing the production of sintered parts which can be used as parts conducting electricity, solders, magnets, special steels, cutting tools or abrasion, diamond or titanium carbide or tungsten carbide.
• the powders of the invention used in obtaining sintered parts, have the advantage of improving the mechanical or physical properties of the parts obtained and / or the advantage of facilitating sintering by allowing in particular to operate at temperatures and / or pressures not too high and / or to improve the densification of the sintered parts.
• An aqueous solution of copper and zinc chlorides is prepared by dissolving in 40 liters of water 7.27 kg of crystals of cupric chloride and 1.64 kg of crystals of zinc chloride. This solution is poured into 40 liters of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 123 g / 1 heated to 60 ° C., so as to effect the coprecipitation of the copper and zinc hydroxides. The precipitate thus obtained is then separated by filtration and then washed to remove the sodium chloride. The precipitate is resuspended in water and then dried in an atomizer dryer.
• An aqueous solution is prepared containing copper, zinc and iron chlorides by dissolving in 22 liters of water 10.2 kg of cupric chloride crystals, 0.81 kg of zinc chloride crystals and 1.75 liters of '' a 152 g / l ferric chloride solution.
• This solution is poured into 50 liters of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 129 g / 1 heated to 60 ° C., so as to effect the coprecipitation of the hydroxides of copper, zinc and iron.
• the precipitate thus obtained is then separated by filtration and then washed.
• the precipitate is resuspended in water and then dried in an atomizer dryer.
• a metallic powder is obtained titrating 1.9% oxygen, 82.5% copper, 9.3% zinc and 6% iron.
• An aqueous solution containing copper, nickel and iron chlorides is prepared by mixing 0.16 liter of a cupric chloride solution (211 g / 1 copper) with
• a solution of molybdic acid (titrating 135 g / l of molybdenum) is added to this suspension in an amount of 0.01 liter of this molybdic solution per kg of precipitate.
• the suspension is dried in an atomizer dryer.
• a metallic powder is obtained titrating 1.39% in oxygen, 93.8% in iron, 3.15% in nickel, 1.2% in copper and 0.53% in molybdenum.
• the specific surface of the powder measured by the BET method is 0.54 m 2 / g.
• the powder obtained by the process described above is then cold compacted into parallelepipedic test pieces of approximately 60% relative density, that is to say of which the density represents 60% of the theoretical density.
• a sintering operation in a hydrogen furnace rise in 5 hours at 1100 ° C, then leveling for 1 hour at 1100 ° C, followed by cooling in about 12 hours) the parts exhibit a volume shrinkage due to sintering of 26 %.
• EXAMPLE 4 An aqueous solution containing the cobalt and nickel chlorides is prepared by mixing 14 liters of a solution of cobalt chloride at 172 g / l of cobalt with 13.7 liters of a solution of nickel chloride at 175, 9 g / 1 in nickel. This solution is poured with stirring into 40 liters of a sodium hydroxide solution titrating 187.5 g / 1 heated to 60 ° C, so as to effect the coprecipitation of the cobalt and nickel hydroxides. The precipitate thus obtained is then separated by filtration and then washed. The precipitate is then resuspended in water at the rate of approximately 5 liters of water per 1 kg of precipitate.
• pre-alloyed powders were prepared, the metal composition of which is as follows: - Iron 97.5; nickel 2.5;

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• Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
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• 1998
  • 1998-10-16 FR FR9813031A patent/FR2784691B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1999
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  • 1999-10-15 JP JP2000577338A patent/JP2002527627A/ja active Pending
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