Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/54—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/56—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
  • C07C217/58—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring, or the condensed ring system containing that ring, bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
  • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/12—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
  • A61P3/14—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis for calcium homeostasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel cyclopropane derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods of using them.
• the compounds of the invention bind to the calcium-sensing receptor and thus, are useful in treating diseases related to calcium imbalance and metabolism.
• Known cyclopropane derivatives include secondary and tertiary cyclopropyl methylamines described in Teotino, U.M. ; Delia Bella, D.; Gandini, A.; Benelli, G. , J. Med. Chem. 1967, Vol. 10, p. 1091 as monoamine oxidase inhibitors; and cyclopropyl-methylguanidines described in Borne, R.F.; Forrester, M.L.; Waters, I.W., J. Med Chem, Vol. 20, p. 771 (1977) as useful in treating hypertension.
• GB 1,086,191 discloses certain phenyl cyclopropane derivatives.
• Extracellular calcium can exert effects on different cell functions as discussed in Nemeth et al . , 11 Cell Calcium 319,1990.
• the role of extracellular calcium in parafollicular and parathyroid cells is discussed in Nemeth, et al . , 11 Cell Calcium 323,1990.
• PCT/US93/01642 (WO 94/18959) ; PCT/US95/13704 (WO 96/12697) and PCT/US92/07175 (WO 93/04373) disclose compounds which are described as modulators of inorganic ion receptor activity, such as mimicing or blocking the effect of extracellular calcium on a cell surface calcireceptor .
• the present invention is directed to compounds of Formula I
• R 1 is unsubstituted aryl; or aryl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, nitro, and C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy;
• R 2 is phenyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, chloro, fluoro, iodo, C.-C 6 alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, hydroxy, hydroxy alkyl, -COOR 7 and CON(R 8 ) 2; unsubstituted heteroaryl or heteroaryl substituted with at least one substituent selected from C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, chloro, fluoro and iodo;
• R 3 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl or C ⁇ -C 6 geminal dialkyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, CON(R 9 ) 2/ SO 2 N(R 10 ) 2 , COR 11 or COOR 12 ;
• R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl ;
• n 1;
• the compounds of formula I bind to the calcium- sensing receptor and thus are useful in treating diseases related to calcium imbalance and metabolism.
• diseases include hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, hypercalcemia malignancy, hypertension and renal osteodys rophy.
• the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of the compounds of formula I and methods for the treatment of disorders related to calcium imbalance, such as, hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, and the like.
• the claimed invention relates to intermediates of formula
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as described above, and one of R 5 and R 6 is alkyl and the other is hydrogen or both R 5 and R 6 are alkyl .
• alkyl refers to straight, cyclic and branched- chain alkyl groups.
• alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec- butyl, t-butyl and the like, preferably Cx-C ⁇ alkyl.
• Alkoxy radicals are oxygen ethers formed from the previously described straight or branched chain alkyl groups, Ci-C ⁇ alkoxy is preferred.
• aryl indicates aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl or naphthyl, more particularly preferred is phenyl and heteroaromatic cyclic groups ("heteroaryls" ) such as furan, pyridine, thiophene and pyrrole, preferably the heteroaromatic cyclic group is a 5 or 6 membered ring wherein the hetero atom is at least one of N, S or 0, more preferred is one hetero atom.
• substituents the term independently means that when more than one of such substituent is possible, such substituents may be the same or different from each other.
• halogen defines fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo .
• acid addition salts may be prepared.
• suitable acids to form such salts include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, perchloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, acetic, propionic, glycolic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, benzoic, cinnamic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclo hexanesulfamic, salicylic, 2-phenoxybenzoic or 2- acetoxybenzoic, and the like.
• Such salts can be made by known methods of reacting the free base of compounds of formula I with the acid and isolating the salt.
• Stereochemistry of the cyclopropane is cis or trans, preferably trans, and absolute stereochemistry at the stereogenic center identified in formula I by an asterisk is R or S, preferably R.
• stereochemically isomeric forms as used herein defines the different isomeric forms which the compounds of formula I may possess .
• chemical designation of compounds denotes the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms, said mixtures containing all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure.
• All stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of formula I both in pure form or in admixture with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention can be obtained using conventional means.
• the present invention is directed to compounds of Formula I
• R 1 is unsubstituted aryl; or aryl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ .-C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, nitro, and alkoxy;
• R 2 is phenyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, chloro, fluoro, iodo, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl , -COOR 7 and CON(R 8 ) 2;
• R 3 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl or Ci-C ⁇ geminal dialkyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, CON(R 9 ) 2 , SO 2 N(R 10 ) 2 , COR 11 or COOR 12 ;
• R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl;
• n 1 ;
• R 1 is unsubstituted aryl or aryl substituted with halogen or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl
• R 2 is unsubstituted pyridyl , pyridyl substituted with at least one of C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, chloro, fluoro or iodo, or phenyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, chloro, fluoro, iodo, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -COOR 7 and CON(R 8 ) 2 ; stereochemistry at the cyclopropane is trans, preferably R,R absolute configuration; R 3 is alkyl, preferably methyl and R is hydrogen, CON(R 9 )
• R 1 is unsubstituted phenyl or thiophene or phenyl or thiophene substituted with halogen or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl
• R 3 is phenyl substituted with C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, chloro, fluoro, iodo or C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy.
• R 1 is unsubstituted phenyl or thiophene and R 2 is phenyl substituted with C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy.
• the absolute stereochemistry is most preferably RRR.
• the compound of formula I is N-((R,R)-2- phenylcyclopropanylmethyl) -1- (R) - (3- methoxyphenyl) ethylamine, represented by formula IA.
• R 1 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 are as described above and R 2' is as described above for R 2 except that R 2' is not phenyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, -COOR 7 and -CON(R 8 ) 2 .
• R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as described above and R 2" is phenyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, -COOR 7 and CON(R 8 ) 2 .
• the styrene of formula II a known compound or compound prepared by known methods
• an alkyl diazoacetate a known compound or compound prepared by known methods
• a high boiling inert solvent such as xylene
• a metal hydroxide such as, potassium or sodium hydroxide
• the compound of formula III is separated into its cis and trans components by known methods ( Org. Syn . Coll . Vol . VI 1988, 913) .
• the compound of formula IV is converted to the corresponding compound of formula VI by reacting, preferably at room temperature with a compound of formula Va, in an aprotic polar solvent, such as acetonitrile and a coupling reagent such as dieyelohexylcarbodiimide . ⁇ Aust . J. Chem . 1984, 37, 1709) .
• the compound of formula VI is reduced to the corresponding compound of formula la with a reducing agent, such as with BH 3 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or with lithium or sodium borohydride followed by addition of chlorotrimethylsilane, at elevated temperatures in the range of 50° C to reflux.
• a reducing agent such as with BH 3 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or with lithium or sodium borohydride followed by addition of chlorotrimethylsilane, at elevated temperatures in the range of 50° C to reflux.
• a compound of formula IV can be reduced to the corresponding primary alcohol of formula VII with a reducing agent such as BH 3 , preferably at room temperature.
• the compound of formula VII can be converted to the corresponding compound of formula lb by a displacement reaction, such as, a Mitsunobu reaction, with a compound of formula Vb.
• R 2' is as described above for R 2 except that R 2' is not phenyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, -COOR 7 and - CON(R 8 ) 2 ;
• R 3' is hydrogen or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl.
• R is as described above and R is C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl
• R 3 is as described above and X is a leaving group, such as, halogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.
• a primary amine of formula Ve a known compound or compound prepared by known method, is protected with a group such as phthalimide to form the corresponding compound of formula XIII.
• the methyl ether of the compound of formula XIII is removed with a Lewis acid, preferably BBr 3 in a non polar solvent, such as methylene chloride, to form the corresponding phenol of formula XIV.
• the phenol of formula XIV is alkylated with an alkylating agent, such as, alkyl halide, an alkyl tosylate, or an alkyl mesylate in the presence of a base, preferably NaH to form the corresponding compound of formula XV.
• the compound of formula XV can be deprotected, for example, with hydrazine in refluxing alcohol, preferably ethanol, to form the corresponding primary amine of formula Vf .
• R 2 is phenyl substituted with hydroxyl or hydroxyalkyl
• the hydroxyl group is first protected with a protecting group such as t butyldimethylsilyl group.
• R 3 is as described above and Q is alkyl or aryl .
• a compound of formula XIII can be demethylated with BBr 3 to form the corresponding compound of formula XVI .
• a compound of the formula XVI can be acylated with an agent such as dimethylcarbamic chloride to yield a corresponding compound of formula XVII.
• the compound of formula XVII can be heated, for example in refluxing diphenyl ether, to form the corresponding thiocarbamate of formula XVIII ⁇ Synthesis 1992, 112) .
• the compound of formula XVIII can be hydrolyzed or saponified with aqueous acid or aqueous base, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, to form the corresponding compound of formula XIX.
• aqueous acid or aqueous base such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide
• the compound of formula XIX can be alkylated for example, with an alkyl halide or arylated (J. Org. Chem 1995, 60,7144) to the corresponding compound of formula XX.
• the compound of formula XX can be deprotected with a reagent such as hydrazine to yield the corresponding compound of formula Vf which can be converted to the cyclopropane product of formula I by one of the methods above.
• the compound of formula XX can be oxidized to the corresponding sulfone of formula XXI with an oxidizing agent such as metachloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) (Helv. Chim . Acta 1984, 67 , 1316) .
• mCPBA metachloroperoxybenzoic acid
• the compound of formula XXI can be deprotected with a reagent such as hydrazine to yield the corresponding compound of formula Vg, which can be converted to the cyclopropane of formula I by the method in Scheme lb.
• R 3 and R 8 are as described above and R 7' is alkyl
• a compound of formula XXIV a known compound or compound prepared by known methods, can be converted to the corresponding ester of formula XXV ⁇ Chem. Com . 1990, 426) .
• the compound of formula XXV can be converted to the compound of formula XXVI by a method such as acid hydrolysis with a reagent such as aqueous HCl, at elevated temperature, near reflux.
• a compound of formula XXVI can be converted to a corresponding compound of formula Vh by deprotection with a reagent such as hydrazine in a polar solvent such as ethanol at temperatures near refluxing ethanol .
• a compound of formula XXVI can be converted to a corresponding acid chloride of formula
• XXVII by reaction with a reagent such as thionyl chloride in an inert solvent such as methylene chloride, at or below room temperature .
• the compound of formula XXVII can be converted to a corresponding ester of formula XXVIII with an alcohol, such as 2- (dimethylamino) ethanol, reaction at or below room temperature.
• the compound of formula XXVIII can be deprotected to a compound of formula Vi by a known method such as reacting with ammonia in a polar solvent, such as ethanol , at temperatures near refluxing ethanol .
• a compound of formula XXVII can be aminated and deprotected to a compound of formula Vj by a known method such as by reacting with dimethylamine in an inert solvent such as methylene chloride, at or below room temperature .
• In vitro potency is measured via calcium mobilization in a fluorescence assay using HEK 293 cells transfected to express the same calcium sensing receptor as found in the human parathyroid gland.
• calcium- sensing receptor agonists and antagonists are detected.
• the assay is conducted in a 96-well plate format with the use of FLIPR (fluorescent imaging plate reader; Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) .
• FLIPR fluorescent imaging plate reader; Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA
• the HEK 293 cell media is replaced with the fluorescence dye FLUO-3AM and Pluronic detergent in FLIPR assay buffer. Cells are incubated 60 min (in the dark, at room temperature) , then washed with assay buffer and placed in FLIPR.
• Images are collected by FLIPR in the absence of test compound, then in the presence of test compound (at 25 M) and then after addition of a calcium challenge (at 1 mM) .
• the difference between maximum and minimum fluorescence values is measured following test compound addition. Hits have a change in fluorescence greater than or equal to 50% of that seen with a 1 mM calcium standard.
• the antagonist assay the difference between maximum and minimum fluorescence values is measured following the calcium challenge addition. When compared to challenge in the absence of test compound, hits reduce fluorescence by at least 50%.
• In vivo activity is measured via parathyroid hormone (PTH) supression by test compounds in a rat model.
• PTH parathyroid hormone
• Compound is administered orally using 0.5% Tween 80 in distilled water as vehicle, with a volume of approximately lOmL/kg body weight. Blood samples are taken at 15 minutes (and 4 h if required) post oral dosing. Serum PTH levels are determined with an immunoradiometric assay.
• Table 2 lists compounds that are trans at the cyclopropane (R,R; S,S) with R absolute configuration at the benzylamine position, or without stereochemistry at the benzylamine.
• Table 3 lists compounds with R,R absolute stereochemistry at the cyclopropane and a mixture of stereochemistry at the benzylamine position.
• Table 4 lists compounds with R,R,R absolute configuration.
• Table 5 lists compounds substituted at the amine .
• Table 6 lists IA and all other stereoisomers .
• Table 7 lists those compounds not included in any of the previous six tables.
• Table 8 lists stereoisomers of compound no. 20.
• In vitro data in Table 1 is percent activation of the calcium-sensing receptor versus baseline.
• In vitro data in Tables 2-7 is expressed as a CS50, where potency is at 50% of the calcium standard potency, and the unit is ⁇ M.
• In vivo data represents % blood serum PTH vs. vehicle at 30 mg/kg test compound, levels measured after 15 minutes.
• compositions of this invention one or more compounds or salts thereof, as the active ingredient, is intimately admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, for example, oral or parenteral.
• a pharmaceutical carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, for example, oral or parenteral.
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed.
• suitable carriers and additives include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like;
• suitable carriers and additives include starches, sugars, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. If desired, tablets may be sugar coated or enteric coated by standard techniques.
• the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, though other ingredients, for example, for purposes such as aiding solubility or for preservation, may be included.
• injectable suspensions may also be prepared, in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed.
• the pharmaceutical compositions herein will preferably contain per dosage unit, e.g., tablet capsule, powder, injection, teaspoonful and the like, from about 10 to 1000 mg of the active ingredient, although other unit dosages may be employed.
• the compounds of this invention may be administered in an amount of from about 0.3 to 30 mg/kg 3 times per day orally, particularly preferred is 1 to 10 mg/kg preferably three times a day.
• the compounds may be administered via injection at 0.1 to 10 mg/kg per day. Determination of optimum dosages for a particular situation is within the capabilities of formulators.
• the hydrochloride salt was converted to the free amine by exposure to aqueous K 2 C0 3 and isolation of the organic with 1:1 ether/ethyl acetate. 8.9 g (60 mmol, 80%) of 1- (3-ethylphenyl) ethylamine was obtained as an oil. MS (Cl) m/z 150 (MH + ) .
• the amine was converted to the amide with (R,R) -trans-2- phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, then reduced to the amine as described in Example 2.
• N- ( (R,R) -2-phenylcyclopropanylmethyl) -N-methylcarbamoyl - 1- (R) - (3 -methoxyphenyl) ethylamine N- ( (R,R) -2-phenylcyclopropanylmethyl) -1- (R) - (3- methoxyphenyl) ethylamine (150 mg, 0.53 mmol) was dissolved in 7 mL CH 2 C1 2 . DMAP (65 mg, 0.53 mmol) and methyl chloroformate (0.05 mL, 0.64 mmol) were added and the the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature.
• Lithium borohydride (14.7g, 677.0 mmol was dissolved in 400 ⁇ of THF and treated with [IR- [la (R*) , 2b] ] -2- phenyl-N- (1- (3 - methoxyphenyl) ethyl) cyclopropanecarboxamide (100.0 g, 338.5 mmol).
• the reaction mixture was heated to 60 °C and chlorotrimethylsilane (73.5g, 677.0 mmol) was added dropwise. Upon complete addition, the solution was heated to reflux, for 4 h. The solution was cooled to ambient temperature and added to 600 mL of 6 N HCl at 15-20 °C.
• the aqueous residue was basified with 265g of 50% NaOH and extracted with 1 x 600 mL, then 1 x 400 mL tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) .
• the combined extracts were washed with 500 mL water and 500 mL of brine.
• the organics were dried (MgS0 4 ) then cooled to 0 °C and treated with 18.5 g gaseous HCl.
• the white crystalline HCl salt was collected via filtration and washed with 200 mL of MTBE.

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• 1999
  • 1999-10-13 AU AU64279/99A patent/AU760889B2/en not_active Ceased
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