WO1999051982A2 - Procede de determination automatisee de groupes sanguins au niveau des hematies - Google Patents

Procede de determination automatisee de groupes sanguins au niveau des hematies Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999051982A2
WO1999051982A2 PCT/DE1999/000977 DE9900977W WO9951982A2 WO 1999051982 A2 WO1999051982 A2 WO 1999051982A2 DE 9900977 W DE9900977 W DE 9900977W WO 9951982 A2 WO9951982 A2 WO 9951982A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blood group
albumin
sera
reaction
profile
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1999/000977
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999051982A3 (fr
Inventor
Jörg Spindler
Original Assignee
Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19815943A external-priority patent/DE19815943C2/de
Application filed by Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft Mbh filed Critical Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft Mbh
Priority to EP99923401A priority Critical patent/EP1066519A2/fr
Priority to DE19980612T priority patent/DE19980612D2/de
Priority to AU41183/99A priority patent/AU4118399A/en
Publication of WO1999051982A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999051982A2/fr
Publication of WO1999051982A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999051982A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
    • B01L3/5085—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/80—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood groups or blood types or red blood cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for automated erythrocyte-side blood group determination according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Erythrocyte properties which are characterized by the presence of specific antigens (blood group substances) on the erythrocyte membrane and can be detected with serological laboratory methods.
  • Blood group determination is essential in transfusion treatment to prevent and clarify transfusion incidents, in transplantation, in prenatal care, in forensic medicine and much more.
  • the blood group system that has been known for the longest and is used as standard in blood group determination is the ABO system with the blood groups ( Phenotypes) A, B, AB and 0.
  • the blood group of a sample is determined by detection of the blood group substances by specific antigen-antibody reactions when a serum containing the respective antibodies, here referred to as blood group serum, is supplied.
  • hemagglutination By analyzing the hemagglutination reaction of an erythrocyte sample with different antisera, the pattern of the antigens present in the erythrocyte sample and thus ultimately the blood group can be determined.
  • a serum cross-test is also carried out, in which antibodies contained in the blood serum of the same sample are detected by specific reactions.
  • Hemagglutination can be visualized in various ways.
  • a previously known method for blood group determination uses round-bottom microtiter plates, a series of different antisera, in particular anti-A, anti-B, anti-D and rhesus control serum for determining the blood group in the ABO system, being pipetted into the wells of the plate and with the erythrocytes to be tested in diluted form.
  • the plate is centrifuged and then carefully shaken.
  • the erythrocytes have agglutinated into a lump which is collected in the middle of the well by the centrifugation step and, if possible, is not destroyed by shaking.
  • a positive reaction can therefore be optically detected as a point or button-shaped accumulation of erythrocytes in the middle of a well.
  • the erythrocytes accumulated in the middle of the well after the centrifugation step are thus distributed by shaking over a large part of the U-shaped well bottom.
  • a negative reaction can thus be optically detected by a flat erythrocyte stain extending over the bottom of the depression.
  • Such a method with additional heating, washing and two centrifugations is, for example, from the reference Parker JL, Maroux DA, Hafleigh EB, Germet FC: Modified microtiter tray method for blood typing, Transfusion (Philadelphia) 1978, 18 (4), 417- 22 [Reference in: 15-Immunochemistry, Vol. 89, 1879, Page 425].
  • Another method uses specially prepared microtiter plates for the detection of antibody-antigen reactions, in which a step-like structure is milled into the V-bottom of the individual wells.
  • the width of the individual stairs is of the order of a few micrometers.
  • the wells of the plate are reacted in a known manner with antisera with erythrocyte and blood serum samples and evaluated after an incubation period. If there is no antibody-antigen reaction in a well, the erythrocytes collect in the middle of the V-shaped well and can be detected as point or button-shaped sediment. If the reaction is positive, however, the erythrocytes cross-link and form a flat, agglutinated structure that is held by the stepped structure.
  • This method can be automated as a classic sedimentation method, in which no additional mechanical interventions are necessary; Evaluation is also possible automatically, photometrically or with a video camera, based on clear sedimentation images that are relatively stable to mechanical disturbances.
  • the high expenditure for producing the microtiter plates in question by milling the stair structure is problematic. Therefore, the prices of the microtiter plates are so high that a single use is not economically viable.
  • complex cleaning and sterilization steps of the plates are necessary in order not to get falsified results.
  • the service life of the microtiter plates is limited to around 60 uses.
  • bovine albumin in the detection of antibodies is known per se.
  • the serum of each blood donor is tested with test erythrocytes in a three-step test for the presence of antibodies before each donation.
  • the saline phase a 5% test erythrocyte suspension is mixed with serum from the blood donor and centrifuged. If the erythrocytes clump, the serum contains complete antibodies of the IgM type.
  • the supplement phase the serum test erythrocyte mixture is supplemented.
  • Supplement is the generic term for protein-containing solutions such as AB serum and bovine albumin as well as macromolecular solutions such as dextran, gelatin and low ionic strength solutions (R.
  • DE 195 49 049 discloses a test plate for an agglutination test with a large number of recesses formed therein, each of which has Protein A and / or Protein G adhering to a surface; however, these are only able to detect Igg antibodies.
  • a test plate made of polycarbonate with V-shaped depressions, which are rounded at the lowest point, is known, which is designed for several heating cycles, which is why the test plate is heat-resistant up to 125 degrees Celsius.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for erythrocyte-side blood group determination, which can be easily and inexpensively automated both in the preparation and in the evaluation of the samples, both semi and fully automated, and which allows the use of disposable microtiter plates .
  • the object is achieved by a method for erythrocyte-side blood group determination according to claim 1 by using pointed bottom microtiter plates; Pipetting in a predetermined volume of one or more blood group sera diluted with physiological saline one well each of the microtiter plates, the dilution ratios of the serum or sera being determined in a known manner by pre-titration; Adding a predetermined volume of physiological saline diluted erythrocytes of the blood to be typed to the respective reagents; Incubation of at least 30 minutes at temperatures from about 15 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees Celsius; optical evaluation of the sedimentation image to detect erythrocyte agglutination by antigen-antibody reaction, whether an antibody-antigen reaction has taken place in a well of the microtiter plate, steps 1.1. until 1.5. be carried out automatically using a pipetting machine by means of a control program for controlling the machine, the optical evaluation of step 1.5. is carried out photometrically or video-controlled.
  • the absorption of the erythrocyte-reagent mixture contained in the well of the microtiter plate is measured and recorded along a predetermined line and the local absorption profile determined in this way is evaluated.
  • the profile length is determined for a fixed profile width and a positive or negative reaction is diagnosed if the profile length is below or above a predeterminable value.
  • a predetermined volume of one or more reagents with all the antigen properties of the erytrocytes is pipetted into a well of the microtiter plate, the dilution ratios of the sera being determined in a known manner by pre-titration and as sera monoclonal or pol clonal antibodies Sera are used, preferably monoclonal antibody sera. Monoclonal or polyclonal antibody sera are used as sera.
  • a predetermined volume of one or more of the following reagents is preferably pipetted into a well of the microtiter plate: a) anti-A serum diluted with physiological saline solution, b) anti-B serum diluted with physiological saline solution, c ) anti-D serum diluted with physiological saline, d) rhesus control serum diluted with physiological saline, wherein the dilution ratios of the sera were determined in a known manner by pre-titration and albumin is added to the solution in such a way that the albumin concentration is 0.05 mg / ml to 2.2 g / ml and at room temperature from approx. 18 to 28 Degrees Celsius is worked and monoclonal or polyclonal antibody sera are used as sera.
  • the procedure is a classic sedimentation procedure without a centrifugation phase or shaking the samples and without the use of a (37 degree C) incubator.
  • the method can be automated with regard to the preparation and evaluation of the samples, in particular it can be carried out with pipetting machines of a known type.
  • the method can be carried out either semiautomatically or fully automatically, semiautomatic being understood as a method in which the microtiter plate is moved by hand in any step.
  • Fully automated means the automatic pipetting, the mechanical movements or manipulations of the plates, the time management and the automatic evaluation.
  • antisera / blood group sera are used to detect the individual blood group substances and thus to determine the blood group by evaluating the reactions of a sample with a series of antisera.
  • one or a combination of the following blood group sera is used to determine the blood group in the ABO system: anti-A, anti-B, anti-D and rhesus control serum.
  • any other blood group sera can also be used to determine further blood group characteristics in the context of the method according to the invention, e.g. Ag, C, c, E, e, K.
  • the commercially available antisera are diluted with physiological saline, the optimal dilution ratios to obtain a reliable reaction due to possible concentration and / or effectiveness fluctuations between sera from different manufacturers or between different batches in a known manner by pre-titration, e.g. using a geometric dilution series.
  • albumin preferably bovine albumin
  • albumin Concentration of the reagent thus formed is 0.05 mg / ml to 2.2 g / ml.
  • the albumin concentration for all reagents is 0.1 mg / ml to 1.0 g / ml, in a further embodiment 0.2 mg / ml to 1.0 mg / ml.
  • Reliable reaction results were also achieved with an albumin concentration of 0.3 mg / ml to 0.4 mg / ml for all reagents.
  • the reactions can also be achieved without adding albumin due to the use of monoclonal antibody sera.
  • pre-titration to determine the optimal dilution ratios is also carried out with the addition of albumin in the concentration used in the blood group determination.
  • sodium acid or another preservative is preferably added to the reagents in a concentration of 0.01 to 0.02 mg / ml, preferably 0.016 to 0.02 mg / ml, in the total solution.
  • a predetermined volume, usually 25 ⁇ l, of one or more of the previously applied reagents is pipetted into a V-shaped well of the microtiter plate by means of an automatic pipetting device, which is program-controlled.
  • an automatic pipetting device which is program-controlled.
  • the four serums mentioned, anti-A, anti-B, anti-D and rhesus control serum are sufficient on the erythrocyte side. If further blood group characteristics are to be determined, further wells of the microtiter plate must be filled with the appropriate reagent for each erythrocyte sample to be examined.
  • the blood groups of a plurality of samples can be typed on a microtiter plate.
  • the automatic pipetting device is correspondingly programmed in a simple manner by means of a control program, preferably using software.
  • a predetermined volume, usually likewise 25 ⁇ l, of an erythrocyte suspension diluted with physiological saline solution is added to the reagent pipetted into a V-shaped well.
  • the dilution ratio of the erythrocyte suspension is approximately 1:60 to 1:20, preferably 1:81.
  • Each blood sample is combined with each of the sera used in a well of the microtiter plate.
  • the automatic pipetting device can be programmed accordingly in a simple manner.
  • the microtiter plate filled completely or partially is incubated at temperatures of approximately 15 ° C. to 30 ° C. for approximately 50 to 70 minutes, preferably 60 minutes.
  • the erythrocytes agglutinate in the event of a positive antibody-antigen reaction and form a “lawn” or “carpet” which is already visible to the naked eye and which largely covers the pointed bottom of the wells of the microtiter plate.
  • This lawn formation is preferably achieved by adding albumin and is largely stable after the incubation against mechanical disturbances and also over several hours, possibly even days, reactions being obtainable even without adding albumin.
  • the erythrocytes sediment in the middle of the depression at the deepest point of the soil and are optically detectable as erythrocyte clumps. Negative and positive reactions are always clearly distinguishable when carrying out the method according to the invention due to a clear punctiform or flat sedimentation. Reliable results were observed with an incubation time of about 60 minutes at room temperature.
  • the sedimentation images are preferably, also automatically, optically evaluated to detect erythrocyte agglutination by means of an antigen-antibody reaction.
  • the optical evaluation can be done manually, i.e. by eye, by an operator who does not have to be specially trained because of the clear sedimentation images that can be achieved.
  • the microtiter plates are automatically evaluated, the plates being inserted into and removed from the photometer using a gripping robot.
  • An automatic evaluation e.g. photometrically or by evaluating images from a video camera is reliably possible because of the clear sedimentation images that can be achieved by the invention. This leads to considerable time and cost savings as well as increased confusion of the samples.
  • a particularly advantageous development of the method with regard to the automatic evaluation of the sedimentation images for analyzing whether an antibody-antigen reaction has taken place in a well of the microtiter plate is the evaluation of the sedimentation images by means of a photometer.
  • the absorption or transmission of the erythrocyte-reagent mixture contained in a well is checked along a agreed line measured and recorded. This line preferably runs through the center of the depression and extends from one edge of the depression to the next.
  • the evaluation is preferably carried out using the curve length method.
  • the length L of the profile or a measure therefor e.g. by summing the distances of all or individual points of the measured profile in the two-dimensional data space.
  • a positive or negative reaction is diagnosed if the profile length L of the absorption curve is below or above a predeterminable value. If the transmission was measured, the situation is reversed. In the case of a positive reaction, increased absorption or reduced transmission can be observed over the majority of the width of the depression. This leads to a flat profile with a shortened curve length. In the event of a negative reaction, the absorbent material concentrates on a narrow spatial area, which leads to a strongly pronounced absorption maximum or transmission minimum and thus to an extended curve length.
  • the "lawn formation" effect according to the invention in the case of a positive antigen-antibody reaction can also be achieved instead of albumin with ovalbumin, thyroglobulin, fibrinogen, tissue antigens or a mixture of these substances, including albumin.
  • one or both of the enzymes bromelin or papain for example in a ratio of 0.05V% to 2V%, can also be added to the blood group sera, whereby a reaction can still be achieved for weak antigens.
  • Antigen-antibody reaction Figure 3 shows an agglutination measurement of a cavity with a positive
  • FIG. 4 an agglutination measurement of another cavity with a negative result.
  • FIG. 1 shows the top view of a pointed-bottom microtiter plate 1 with 96 wells 2, which are arranged in 12 rows 1 to 12 of 8 pieces A to H each.
  • fields 1A and 1E is anti-A serum
  • fields 1B and 1F anti-B serum in fields 1B and 1F anti-B serum
  • fields IC and IG anti-D serum and in fields 1D and 1H rhesus control serum of the composition described above and pipetted amount.
  • Erythrocyte suspension of a first blood sample was added to fields 1A to 1D and a second blood sample to fields 1E to 1H.
  • FIG. 1 After an incubation period of approximately one hour, the image shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
  • fields 1A, 1B, IC, 1E and IG a "turf" has formed due to a positive antigen-antibody reaction, which covers the sloping floor practically completely.
  • the erythrocytes are sedimented in the middle of the well and are visible as a "button.
  • the result for the first sample is as follows: anti-A positive, anti-B positive, anti-D positive, rhesus control negative, i.e. the blood group was determined to be "AB positive”.
  • the result for the second sample is as follows: anti-A positive, anti-B negative, anti-D positive, rhesus control negative, i.e. the blood type was determined to be "A positive”.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b each show a recess 2 of a microtiter plate 1 with a V-shaped, pointed bottom 3 in cross section. Furthermore, a negative (FIG. 2a) or a positive (FIG. 2b) antigen-antibody reaction is shown schematically.
  • FIG. 2a the erythrocytes have slipped into the center of the well due to gravity and due to a lack of bridging due to a specific antigen-antibody reaction and form a button 4.
  • FIG 2b the erythrocytes have been crosslinked on account of the specific antigen-antibody reaction and form a lawn 5 which covers the inclined floor area 3. Albumin can serve to stabilize the crosslinking.
  • FIG. 3 shows an agglutination measurement of a cavity, in which the points from 10-30 have been taken into account. The result is a lawn and therefore a positive result. The curve length is zero.
  • FIG. 4 shows another agglution measurement again taking points 10 to 30 into account. The result is a button and thus negative. The calculated curve length is 3.06.
  • microtiter plates whose V-shaped depressions have a rounded bottom.
  • the automated process is commercially applicable in all areas in which blood is routinely examined and typed, in particular in the large blood donation services and in hospitals.
  • the usefulness of the sedimentation process is that it takes place without an centrifugation phase or without shaking the samples or without a 37 degree C incubator in an automatic process.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de groupes sanguins au niveau des hématies. Selon ce procédé, on utilise de façon avantageuse des plaques à microtitration à fond en pointe jetables. On ajoute aux antisérums de l'albumine de telle façon que la concentration d'albumine soit comprise entre 0,05 mg/ml et 2,2 g/ml, de préférence entre 0,2 mg/ml et 1,0 mg/ml. Ce procédé est un procédé de sédimentation classique sans phase de centrifugation ni secouage des échantillons. En ce qui concerne la préparation des échantillons, ce procédé peut donc facilement être automatisé, notamment à l'aide d'appareils automatiques à pipette de forme connue. Les images de sédimentation permettent de distinguer de façon univoque les réactions positives des réactions négatives. En ce qui concerne le matériel d'évaluation, le procédé est automatisé de façon simple et fiable, notamment par évaluation optique photométrique des images de sédimentation. On obtient ainsi un débit d'échantillons élevé pour un faible coût de matériau et un risque d'erreur réduit.
PCT/DE1999/000977 1998-04-02 1999-03-31 Procede de determination automatisee de groupes sanguins au niveau des hematies WO1999051982A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99923401A EP1066519A2 (fr) 1998-04-02 1999-03-31 Procede de determination automatisee de groupes sanguins au niveau des hematies
DE19980612T DE19980612D2 (de) 1998-04-02 1999-03-31 Verfahren zur automatisierten, erythrozytenseitigen Blutgruppen-Bestimmung
AU41183/99A AU4118399A (en) 1998-04-02 1999-03-31 Method for automated erythocytic blood group determination

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19814714.7 1998-04-02
DE19814714 1998-04-02
DE19815943A DE19815943C2 (de) 1998-04-02 1998-04-09 Verfahren zur erythrozytenseitigen Blutgruppen-Bestimmung
DE19815943.9 1998-04-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999051982A2 true WO1999051982A2 (fr) 1999-10-14
WO1999051982A3 WO1999051982A3 (fr) 1999-12-02

Family

ID=26045216

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1999/000977 WO1999051982A2 (fr) 1998-04-02 1999-03-31 Procede de determination automatisee de groupes sanguins au niveau des hematies

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1066519A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU4118399A (fr)
DE (1) DE19980612D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999051982A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2484735A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-04-25 Arab Science & Technology Foundation Blood typing method and instrument
EP4253961A1 (fr) 2022-03-31 2023-10-04 Nihon Kohden Corporation Appareil de test sanguin, procédé de test sanguin et programme de test sanguin

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0051496A1 (fr) * 1980-11-04 1982-05-12 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif d'analyse appliqué à des réactions d'agglutination immunologique
US4727033A (en) * 1981-12-17 1988-02-23 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Analyzing apparatus and method for immunological agglutination reactions
WO1993012430A1 (fr) * 1991-12-18 1993-06-24 Baxter Diagnostics Inc. Systemes permettant d'effectuer des procedures analytiques multiples a l'aide d'un moyeu de traitement central

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02296151A (ja) * 1989-05-11 1990-12-06 Shinotesuto:Kk マイクロタイタープレート

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0051496A1 (fr) * 1980-11-04 1982-05-12 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif d'analyse appliqué à des réactions d'agglutination immunologique
US4727033A (en) * 1981-12-17 1988-02-23 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Analyzing apparatus and method for immunological agglutination reactions
WO1993012430A1 (fr) * 1991-12-18 1993-06-24 Baxter Diagnostics Inc. Systemes permettant d'effectuer des procedures analytiques multiples a l'aide d'un moyeu de traitement central

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 079 (P-1170), 25. Februar 1991 (1991-02-25) & JP 02 296151 A (SHINOTESUTO KENKYUSHO:KK), 6. Dezember 1990 (1990-12-06) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2484735A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-04-25 Arab Science & Technology Foundation Blood typing method and instrument
GB2484735B (en) * 2010-10-22 2014-12-31 Fathy A A Hasan Blood typing instrument and method
EP4253961A1 (fr) 2022-03-31 2023-10-04 Nihon Kohden Corporation Appareil de test sanguin, procédé de test sanguin et programme de test sanguin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19980612D2 (de) 2001-04-26
WO1999051982A3 (fr) 1999-12-02
EP1066519A2 (fr) 2001-01-10
AU4118399A (en) 1999-10-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE68919565T2 (de) Immuntestverfahren unter Verwendung magnetischer Markerteilchen.
EP0305337B1 (fr) Procédé de détection des antigènes et/ou des anticorps et nécéssaire pour sa mise en oeuvre
DE60037362T2 (de) Rückwärtsbestimmung von ABO-Blutgruppen
DE68921650T2 (de) Immunoassays.
DE69306804T2 (de) Immunologischer test auf festphase
CH627281A5 (fr)
EP0019741A1 (fr) Réactif de latex, procédé pour sa préparation, son utilisation et préparation contenant ce réactif
DE2653032A1 (de) Radioimmun-nachweisverfahren fuer ein schilddruesenhormon und dafuer geeignetes reagens
DD202178A5 (de) Verfahren und reagens zur untersuchung von antigen-antikoerper-reaktionen
DE3922960A1 (de) Verfahren zur bestimmung eines analyten
DE2602068C2 (de) Reagens zur Unlöslichmachung eines Antigen/Antikörper-Komplexes
WO2004040311A1 (fr) Agents et methodes de diagnostic d'une infection a treponemes
DE19856703C2 (de) Verfahren zum Nachweis von Antikörpern oder Antigenen
DE602004012161T2 (de) Verkürzung der zeit bis zum vorliegen von blutbankdiagnostikergebnissen
DE3105555A1 (de) Reagens zum nachweis des rheumatoidfaktors, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung
DE2533701A1 (de) Immunologische diagnoseprodukte
WO1999051982A2 (fr) Procede de determination automatisee de groupes sanguins au niveau des hematies
DE2725594C2 (de) Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration freier Schilddrüsenhormone in Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Blutseren
DE69013730T2 (de) Für ganze Zellen geeigneter Satz und Verfahren zu enzymatischen Bestimmungen.
DE69931613T2 (de) Verfahren zum Zählen von Leukozyten und Leukozytenzähler
DE19815943C2 (de) Verfahren zur erythrozytenseitigen Blutgruppen-Bestimmung
DE68907365T2 (de) Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Vorhandenseins leichter Ketten in Urinproben, Komplex von Vorbereitungen zur Erledigung des Verfahrens und damit verbundenes Reagenz.
DE68911619T2 (de) Reagenz und verfahren zum nachweis von rheumatoiden faktoren.
DE69022795T2 (de) Nachweis eines Antikörpers und dessen Immunglobulin-Klasse.
DE10239568A1 (de) Verfahren zum Nachweis von Antikörpern und/oder Antigenen in einer Testflüssigkeit sowie zur Blutgruppenbestimmung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AU BR CA CN CZ DE HU JP PL RU SI US ZA

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AU BR CA CN CZ DE HU JP PL RU SI US ZA

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09677683

Country of ref document: US

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1999923401

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1999923401

Country of ref document: EP

REF Corresponds to

Ref document number: 19980612

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20010426

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 19980612

Country of ref document: DE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

WWR Wipo information: refused in national office

Ref document number: 1999923401

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1999923401

Country of ref document: EP