WO1999040601A1 - Dispositif emetteur d'electrons, son procede de production, et son procede d'excitation; afficheur d'images comprenant ledit emetteur d'electrons et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Dispositif emetteur d'electrons, son procede de production, et son procede d'excitation; afficheur d'images comprenant ledit emetteur d'electrons et son procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999040601A1 WO1999040601A1 PCT/JP1999/000543 JP9900543W WO9940601A1 WO 1999040601 A1 WO1999040601 A1 WO 1999040601A1 JP 9900543 W JP9900543 W JP 9900543W WO 9940601 A1 WO9940601 A1 WO 9940601A1
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- electron
- emitting device
- particles
- emitting
- conductive layer
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
- H01J1/304—Field-emissive cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
- H01J1/312—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode having an electric field perpendicular to the surface, e.g. tunnel-effect cathodes of metal-insulator-metal [MIM] type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
Definitions
- Electron-emitting device method of manufacturing and driving method thereof, and image display device using the electron-emitting device and method of manufacturing the same
- the present invention provides an electron-emitting device that emits electrons by using an appropriate material (for example, particulate diamond) as an electron-emitting source (emitter), a method for manufacturing the same, and a device including such an electron-emitting device.
- an appropriate material for example, particulate diamond
- the present invention relates to an image display device and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a method for driving the above-described electron-emitting device.
- microelectron emitting devices have been actively developed as electron emitters for thin displays and emitters for microvacuum devices capable of high-speed operation.
- a “heat-emitting device” in which a high voltage is applied to a material such as tungsten heated to a high temperature has been used.
- tungsten heated to a high temperature a material such as tungsten heated to a high temperature
- a cold-cathode-type electron-emitting device (hereinafter also referred to as a “cold-cathode device”) are that low voltage, low power consumption driving is possible, and high current is stably obtained. That is.
- a structure using diamond in the electron emission region (emitter) has been proposed as such a cold cathode device. This is a very important material for electron-emitting devices, such as being a semiconductor material with a large forbidden band width (5.5 eV), having high hardness, abrasion resistance, high thermal conductivity, and being chemically inert.
- the property of having a negative electron affinity means that electrons can be easily emitted by injecting electrons into the conduction band of diamond.
- An electron-emitting device using diamond is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-282715, and a simplified diagram of the configuration is shown in FIG.
- a conductive layer 1 1 1 2 functioning as an electrode is formed on the substrate 1 1 1 1, and a diamond particle 1 1 2 is further formed on the conductive layer 1 1 1 2
- An electron emission region 1 1 1 4 consisting of 1 1 3 is formed.
- Each of the diamond particles 111 has a negative electron affinity by a predetermined treatment.
- An opposing electrode (not shown) is provided so as to oppose the electron-emitting region 111 composed of such diamond particles 111, and by applying a potential to this electrode, each particle 111 is formed. Extract electrons from 3.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and has the following objects.
- An electron-emitting device capable of stably obtaining a high current by driving at a low voltage and a method of manufacturing the same.
- An electron-emitting device includes an electron-transporting member, an electron-emitting member, and the electron-transporting member. And an electric field concentration region formed between the electron emission member and the electron emission member.
- the electron transport member may be a conductive layer.
- the electric field concentration region may be composed of an insulating layer.
- the electron emission member may be composed of particles.
- the electron transporting member is a conductive layer
- the electric field concentration region is formed of an insulating layer formed on the conductive layer
- the electron emitting member is provided on the insulating layer. Composed of particles.
- the electron emission member is arranged at a predetermined position with respect to the electron emission member.
- the device further includes an extraction electrode to which a potential for applying the voltage is applied.
- the surface of the electron transporting member is roughened so as to have an uneven shape
- the electron emitting member has at least the unevenness on the roughened surface of the electron transporting member. It is arranged via a convex part of the shape.
- the semiconductor device further includes a circuit for flowing a current to the electron transport member.
- the electric field concentration region includes an insulating layer formed on the surface of particles constituting the electron emitting member, and the particles are formed on the electron transporting member via the insulating layer. It is arranged.
- the electron transporting member is a conductive layer
- the electric field concentration region is formed of an insulating layer formed on the conductive layer
- the electron emitting member is one of the insulating layers. It is composed of particles arranged to bury the part.
- the thickness of the electric field concentration region is 100 OA or less.
- the electron-emitting member is composed of a plurality of particles that are independently provided without being in contact with each other.
- the electron emission member is made of particles of a material having a negative electron affinity.
- the particles may be diamond particles.
- the diamond particles Artificial diamond particles are diamond particles synthesized by a gas phase synthesis method.
- the particles may be carbon particles partially having a diamond structure.
- the outermost surface atoms of the diamond particles or the carbon particles may have a terminal structure bonded to a hydrogen atom.
- the diamond particles or the carbon particles are formed by being exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere of 600 ° C. or more.
- the diamond particles or the carbon particles may contain impurities.
- the impurities may be formed by ion implantation.
- the density of the impurities is 1 ⁇ 10 13 pieces / cm 3 or more.
- the electron transport member may be a conductive layer made of a low work function material.
- An electron-emitting device includes at least an electron injection member, an electron emission member, and an electron transport member located between the electron injection member and the electron emission member.
- the electron transporting member includes a portion that is electrically insulating or has high resistance when a predetermined small DC voltage is applied.
- the electron transport member includes a portion having an electric resistivity of 1 cm or more when a small electric field such that the maximum electric field strength in the electron transport member is 1 m or less.
- the electron emission member may include a substance having a negative electron affinity.
- the electron emission member may include a substance containing at least carbon or particles thereof.
- the electron emission member includes graphite particles.
- the electron emission member includes at least a wide band gap semiconductor particle having a band gap of 3.5 eV or more.
- the electron emission member includes diamond particles.
- the electron emission member is composed of particles, and the particles are: It is larger than a cube whose side is 1 nm, and is included in a cube whose side is l mm.
- the electron transporting member is formed of particles or a thin film of a wide band gap semiconductor material having a band gap of 3.5 eV or more, and the electron emitting member is formed of particles or a film of the wide band gap semiconductor material. It is formed on the surface of the thin film.
- each of the electron transporting member and the electron emitting member is formed of a diamond material particle or a thin film formed by a gas phase growth method.
- the electron emission member may be a hydrogenated diamond material particle or a thin film surface conductive layer.
- each of the electron transporting member and the electron emitting member is formed of a diamond thin film, and the thickness of the diamond thin film is not less than 10 nm and not more than 10 m.
- the electron-transporting member is made of diamond particles, and the electron-emitting member is formed on at least a part of the surface of the diamond particles constituting the electron-transporting member. It is composed of a system thin film or fine particles.
- At least one of the electron-emitting member and the electron-transporting member is made of a wide-bandgap semiconductor material having a node gap of 3.5 eV or more. Is a compound of nitrogen and at least one or more of Ga, A 1, In, and B.
- the electron injection member and the electron transport member are in ohmic contact.
- the electron transporting member may include an insulating layer having a thickness of 500 nm or less.
- the method for manufacturing an electron-emitting device includes a step of forming an electron-transporting member on a substrate, and disposing an electron-emitting member in contact with the electron-transporting member via an electric field concentration region. Setting up.
- the electron transporting member is a conductive layer formed on the substrate, and the electron emitting member is in contact with the conductive layer via an insulating layer functioning as the electric field concentration region. Composed of particles arranged in
- the method further includes a step of disposing an extraction electrode to which a potential for extracting electrons from the electron emission member is applied at a predetermined position with respect to the electron emission member.
- the method further includes the step of roughening the surface of the electron transport member. In one embodiment, the method further includes a step of configuring a circuit for causing a current to flow through the electron transport member.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes: forming an insulating layer functioning as the electric field concentration region on a conductive layer functioning as the electron transporting member; Arranging particles functioning as the electron-emitting member.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes: forming an insulating layer that functions as the electric field concentration region on a surface of the particle that functions as the electron-emitting member; and Disposing on a conductive layer functioning as the electron transport member.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes the steps of: adhering a mixture of a liquid curable insulating material and predetermined particles onto a conductive layer functioning as the electron transport member; Curing a conductive insulating material; selectively removing only a surface layer of the cured insulating material to expose a part of the particles contained in the mixture; Functioning as an electron emission member.
- the selective removal process may be performed by a chemical etching process.
- the chemical etching process is a hydrogen plasma irradiation process.
- the step of arranging the electron emission member includes the step of: Forming an insulating layer functioning as the electric field concentration region on the conductive layer functioning as an electric field, and disposing the substrate on which the insulating layer is formed in a solution in which babies are dispersed And applying ultrasonic vibration to the solution to cause the particles in the solution to adhere to the insulating layer.
- the attached particles function as the electron-emitting member.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes: forming an insulating layer that functions as the electric field concentration region on a conductive layer that functions as the electron transporting member; and dispersing the particles.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes: forming an insulating layer that functions as the electric field concentration region on a conductive layer that functions as the electron transporting member; and dispersing the particles. Adhering the particles to the insulating layer by an electrophoresis treatment process using the solution, wherein the adhered particles function as the electron-emitting member.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes: a step of forming an insulating layer that functions as the electric field concentration region on a surface of the particle that functions as the electron-emitting member; and dispersing the particle. Placing the substrate on which the conductive layer functioning as the electron transporting member is formed in the solution, applying ultrasonic vibration to the solution to apply the particles in the solution to the conductive layer. Attaching.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes: forming an insulating layer that functions as the electric field concentration region on a surface of the particle that functions as the electron-emitting member; and Applying a solution in which the particles are dispersed on the conductive layer that functions, onto the insulating layer, and attaching the particles to the insulating layer.
- the step of disposing the electron-emitting member includes: forming an insulating layer that functions as the electric field concentration region on a surface of the particle that functions as the electron-emitting member; and Using a solution in which the particles are dispersed on the functional conductive layer, and attaching the particles by an electrophoresis process.
- the step of roughening the surface of the electron transporting member includes a step of forming a conductive layer functioning as the electron transporting member by a thermal spraying method.
- the step of roughening the surface of the electron transporting member includes the step of forming a flat conductive layer functioning as the electron transporting member, and the step of roughening the surface of the flat conductive layer.
- the step of roughening the surface of the flat conductive layer is performed by blasting.
- the step of roughening the surface of the flat conductive layer is performed by chemical etching.
- the method further comprises the step of roughening the surface of the substrate, wherein the electron transporting member is formed on the surface of the roughened substrate, whereby the surface of the electron transporting member is roughened. I do.
- At least one of the electron transport layer and the electron emission layer is a diamond thin film grown by a vapor phase growth process, and as a pretreatment step of the vapor phase growth process, IX 101 Q and a step of distributing diamond growth nuclei having a distribution density of not less than cm 2 .
- an electron injection member located between the electron injection member and the electron emission member.
- an electron transport member located between the electron injection member and the electron emission member.
- the time-varying potential is applied to the electron-emitting member while the electron-emitting member is DC-insulated from the electron-injecting member.
- the time-varying potential is formed by superimposing a DC voltage on the electron injection member such that the electron emission member has a positive potential on a predetermined AC voltage.
- the electric field for emitting electrons from the electron-emitting member is an electric field.
- a DC voltage is applied to the 31 extraction electrode, which is applied to the electron emission member via a vacuum, so that the electron injection member is negative and the bow I extraction electrode is positive.
- An image display device includes at least: an electron emission source; and an image forming unit that forms an image using electrons emitted from the electron emission source.
- the electron emission source includes at least a plurality of electron emission elements.
- each of the plurality of electron-emitting devices is an electron-emitting device of the present invention having the features described above.
- the method for manufacturing an image display device includes: a step of forming a plurality of electron-emitting devices; forming an electron-emitting source using the formed plurality of electron-emitting devices; And a step of disposing an image forming section for forming an image with electrons emitted from the electron emission source in a predetermined positional relationship with respect to the electron emission source.
- Each of the plurality of electron-emitting devices is formed by the method for manufacturing an electron-emitting device according to the present invention, which has the features described above.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram schematically depicting an electric field (equipotential lines) when an electric field concentration region exists in the configuration shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 1C is a diagram schematically illustrating an electric field (equipotential lines) in the configuration shown in FIG. 1A when no electric field concentration region exists.
- FIG. 1D is a schematic sectional view of a modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1E is a schematic cross-sectional view of another modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of still another modified structure of the electron-emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows still another modified example of the electron-emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a typical sectional view of a composition.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic sectional view of a modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of an electron-emitting device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view of a modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the 12th embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 19 (a) to 19 (c) are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating manufacturing steps of the electron-emitting device of FIG. 1A.
- 20 (a) to 20 (d) are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating manufacturing steps of the electron-emitting device of FIG.
- FIGS. 21 (a) to 21 (c) are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating manufacturing steps of the electron-emitting device of FIG. 5A.
- FIGS. 22A to 22D are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a manufacturing process of the electron-emitting device of FIG. 6A.
- FIGS. 23 (a) to 23 (c) are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating manufacturing steps of the electron-emitting device of FIG.
- FIGS. 25 (a) to 25 (c) are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating the steps of manufacturing the electron-emitting device of FIG.
- 26 (a) to 26 (d) are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating the steps of manufacturing the electron-emitting device of FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the image display device according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 28 (a) to (d) are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating manufacturing steps of the image display device of FIG. 27.
- FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of an electron-emitting device according to a conventional technique.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- the configuration in FIG. 1A is generally called a diode configuration.
- an electron transport member 1 is formed on a substrate 11, and an electron emission member 3 constituting an electron emission region 4 is formed on the electron transport member 1 via an electric field concentration region 2.
- the electron emitting member 1 may be a conductive layer 1
- the electron emitting member 3 may be a particulate object
- the electric field concentration region 2 may be an insulating layer 2, but is not limited thereto.
- the electric field concentration region 2 when the electric field concentration region 2 is provided as shown in FIG. 1B, the electric field (equipotential lines) is applied between the electron emitting member 3 and an electrode (not shown) facing the electron emitting member 3, and the It also concentrates on the electric field concentration region 2 located between 3 and the electron transport member 1. The presence of the electric field concentration in the electric field concentration region 2 facilitates the injection of the electrons from the electron transport member 1 to the electron emission member 3.
- the thickness of the electric field concentration region 2 is sufficiently smaller than the distance between the electron emission member 3 and the not-shown counter electrode, the magnitude of the generated electric field concentration is smaller than that near the tip of the electron emission member 3. Larger in the electric field concentration area 2. Therefore, the electrons are first injected into the electron emitting member 3 by tunneling the electric field concentration region 2 from the electron transporting member 1. When the electron injection is sufficient, the electron-emitting member 3 has the same potential as the electron-transporting member 1, and in terms of potential, the electron-emitting member 3 is like a projection existing on the electron-transporting member 1. become. At this point, the concentration of the electric field in the electric field concentration region 2 also disappears. You.
- the electric field concentration occurs again in the electric field concentration region 2 and two places between the electron emitting member 3 and the counter electrode (near the tip of the electron emitting member 3).
- the shape of the electron-emitting member 3 is assumed to be particulate. However, this has the effect of further increasing the electric field concentration between the two when the electrons are extracted from the electron-emitting member 3 to the counter electrode. Intended to get.
- the present invention is not limited to the above case. For example, as shown in FIG. 1D, even in a configuration in which a layered electron-emitting member (electron-emitting layer) 3 is provided on an electron-transporting member 1 via an electric field concentration region 2, the same effect as described above can be obtained. Can be obtained.
- the electric field concentration region 2 is not limited to the case where the electric field concentration region 2 is formed of the insulating layer as described above.
- the vacuum space portion 2 of the gap acts as the electric field concentration region 2, The same effect as described above can be obtained.
- the thickness of the electric field concentration region (for example, insulating layer) 2 is preferably set to a thickness that enables electron tunneling, for example, about 100 OA or less.
- particles 3 as an electron-emitting member 3 constituting an electron-emitting region 4 adhere to a conductive layer 1 as an electron-transporting member 1 via an insulating layer 2 as an electric-field concentration region 2.
- the configuration provided is shown. However, the configuration for realizing the present invention is not limited to this.
- an insulating layer 2 The particles 3 on which the particles 3 are formed are attached and disposed on the conductive layer 1, or the particles 3 are formed in the insulating layer 2 formed on the conductive layer 1 as shown in FIG. A configuration in which a part is buried may be used.
- the emission current from the electron emission region 4 is the accumulation of the amount of electron emission from each particle 3, the particles 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 adhere independently without contacting each other. It is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of current and uniformity and stability of the amount of current temporally and spatially.
- diamond is used especially as the particle 3
- stability in terms of material properties can be obtained, and the stability with time of electron emission can be further increased.
- diamonds that can be used industrially include artificial diamonds synthesized by a gas phase synthesis method. Also, it is generally said that electron affinity becomes negative when the surface of diamond is hydrogen-terminated. From such a viewpoint, if the particle 3 is diamond and its surface is further hydrogen-terminated, The effect of the invention can be further enhanced.
- Examples of the method of terminating diamond particles with hydrogen include a method of exposing diamond particles to a hydrogen atmosphere at 600 ° C. or higher and a method of exposing the diamond particles to hydrogen plasma.
- the same effect as described above can be obtained even if carbon particles partially having a diamond structure are used as the particles 3. Also in this case, the effect of the present invention can be similarly enhanced by terminating the hydrogen.
- the method of hydrogen termination is the same as that for diamond particles.
- the diamond particles 3 or the carbon particles 3 partially having the diamond structure contain impurities therein, the electric resistance of the particles themselves decreases, and the effect of increasing the amount of current is obtained. Can be This makes it possible to further enhance the effects of the present invention.
- These impurities can be artificially controlled and present inside the particles 3 by a method such as ion implantation.
- the impurity density is preferably, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 3 or more.
- the conductive layer 1 functions as an electrode for supplying electrons to the particles 3 constituting the electron emission region 4, and is formed of a thin film or a thick film of any conductive material such as a normal metal. It can be. It is obvious that the effects of the present invention can be obtained with either a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure. Further, if the structure permits, a configuration in which the substrate 11 also functions as the conductive layer 1 is possible.
- the conductive layer 1 is formed on the surface of the Si substrate 11.
- an Sio 2 film 2 having a thickness of 500 is formed on the conductive layer 1.
- diamond particles 3 having an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 are adhered to form electron emission regions 4.
- a method of attachment for example, a method in which diamond particles 3 are mixed into a vehicle and spin-coated to adhere the particles, and a substrate 11 shown in Fig. 19 (b) is immersed in a solution in which the particles 3 are dispersed and placed.
- a method of attaching the particles 3 in the solution by applying ultrasonic vibration to the solution or a method of attaching the particles 3 by an electrophoresis method can be applied.
- the particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- a structure in which diamond particles 3 are embedded so as not to damage the oxide film 2 may be employed.
- a structure in which diamond particles 3 are embedded so as not to damage the oxide film 2 may be employed.
- only a portion of the insulating material near the surface layer is selectively removed to remove a part of the particles. by a method in which the exposed, c the same effect as described above can be obtained In any of the above manufacturing processes (and the configuration obtained thereby), a plurality of particles 3 are deposited on the conductive layer 1 without making contact with each other.
- the individual particles 3 function as an electron emission source (emitter), and the amount of emission current (electrons) from the electron emission region 4 is an accumulation of the amount of electrons emitted from the individual particles 3 .
- an electron-emitting device capable of extracting a large current can be obtained.
- the diamond used above is, for example, an artificial diamond synthesized by a gas phase synthesis method. When this diamond was exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere at 600 ° C. to terminate the surface of the diamond with hydrogen, a decrease in the electron emission starting voltage was observed. Alternatively, similar effects were obtained by exposing the diamond particles to hydrogen plasma.
- Black diamond particles which are generally considered to be of poor quality, are actually carbon particles partially having a diamond structure, but the same effect is obtained when this is used as particle 3. I was able to. In this case, the same effect as that of diamond particles was obtained by terminating the surface with hydrogen by the same process as described above.
- diamond particles or carbon particles partially provided with a diamond structure contain impurities therein, so that the electric resistance of the particles themselves decreases, and as a result, the amount of current increases.
- the electron emission characteristics can be controlled by artificially controlling the presence of the impurities inside the particles 3 by ion implantation. For example, by implanting boron as an impurity at a density of 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm 3 or more, an effect of further improving the emission characteristics was observed.
- the electron transport member 1 in the above configuration is made of a material having a work function as small as possible.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an electron-emitting device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a conductive layer (electron transport member) 1 is formed on a substrate 11. Further, an insulating layer (electric field concentration region) 2 is formed on the conductive layer 1, and particles (electron emitting members) 3 adhere to the insulating layer 2 to form an electron emitting region 4. I have. Further, an extraction electrode 5 having an opening 5 a at a position corresponding to the electron emission region 4 is provided at a predetermined distance from the electron emission region 4.
- the configuration in FIG. 4 is generally called a triode configuration.
- the configuration of the electron-emitting device is slightly more complicated, but the voltage applied to the extraction electrode 5 for extracting electrons e and the phosphor (not shown)
- the voltage that needs to be applied to the opposite electrode (not shown) to emit light can be set independently of each other. Therefore, the extraction electrode 5 can be installed close to the electron emission region 4, and as a result, the electron e can be extracted at a lower voltage.
- the shape of the opening 5a provided in the extraction electrode 5 is not limited to a specific shape, and various shapes such as a circular hole, a square hole, or a hole having another polygonal shape are possible. . Alternatively, it is also possible to form a slit-shaped opening. In the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 4, the end face of the hole that is seen when the opening 5a is a circular or polygonal hole is omitted for simplification. This is the same in the similar drawings included in the present application.
- a conductive layer 1 is formed on the surface of the Si substrate 11. You.
- an Sio 2 film 2 having a thickness of 500 A is formed on the conductive layer 1.
- Examples of the adhesion method include a method in which diamond particles 3 are mixed in a vehicle and spin-coated to adhere the particles, and a substrate 11 shown in FIG. 20 (b) is immersed in a solution in which the particles 3 are dispersed and placed.
- a method of attaching the particles 3 in the solution by applying ultrasonic vibration to the solution or a method of attaching the particles 3 by an electrophoresis method can be applied.
- the particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- the extraction electrode 5 having the opening 5a is formed of a thin metal plate made of an appropriate material, and the opening 5a is formed at a position corresponding to the electron emission region 4 as shown in FIG.
- the extraction electrode 5 is arranged at a distance of l mm from the electron emission region 4 such that When a voltage was applied to the extraction electrode 5, an emission current of 1 AZcm 2 or more was obtained at a voltage of about 3 kV.
- the extraction electrode 5 having the opening 5a is provided at a predetermined position, it is also possible to perform the attachment treatment of the particles 3 constituting the electron emission region 4. However, in that case, it is necessary to prevent the particles 3 from adhering to the extraction electrode 5.
- the particles (electron emission members) 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 adhere to the conductive layer (electron transport member) 1 via the insulating film (electric field concentration region) 2.
- the effect obtained by the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the specific constituent materials and modified contents of the insulating layer 2, the particles 3, and other constituent elements, the effects obtained by them, and the electron emission mechanism are the same as those in the first embodiment. .
- particles 3 or particle aggregates 3 as electron emitting members 3 are further disposed on an insulating layer 2 formed on a conductive layer 1.
- the configuration is not limited to this.
- a structure in which a layer 3 having an insulating layer 2 formed on the surface is disposed on the conductive layer 1 or a particle 3 in the insulating layer 2 formed on the conductive layer 1
- the structure provided so as to bury the part may be the same as in the case of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- a conductive layer (electron transport member) 1 is formed on a substrate 11.
- the surface of the conductive layer 1 is roughened to form irregularities, and the insulating layer (electric field concentration region) 2 is formed along the irregularities.
- Particles (electron-emitting members) 3 adhere to the insulating layer 2 such that each comes into contact with at least one projection, thereby forming an electron-emitting region 4.
- the configuration of FIG. 5A is also generally called a diode configuration.
- the particles 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 are placed on the conductive layer 1 having a roughened surface. Since the particles 3 and the conductive layer 1 are attached via the insulating layer 2, the conductive layer 1 is attached to the conductive layer 1 as compared with the case where the particles 3 and the conductive layer 1 are in planar contact with each other via the insulating layer 2 as in the first embodiment.
- the electric field concentration between the particles and the particles 3 is further increased. As a result, electric field concentration area 2 is set.
- a conductive layer 1 having a roughened surface is formed on a Si substrate 1.
- a method for roughening the surface of the conductive layer 1 for example, there is a method of forming the conductive layer 1 by a thermal spraying process.
- the size (surface roughness) of the concavo-convex shape obtained in this case can be controlled by adjusting the spraying conditions, and a maximum surface roughness of about 10 m can be obtained.
- the thermal spraying process is characterized by being able to form a film under atmospheric pressure instead of a vacuum process, the cost of forming the conductive layer 1 is reduced.
- the surface can be roughened by a sand blast process.
- a sharp projection can be formed on the surface of the conductive layer 1.
- the flat conductive layer 1 after the flat conductive layer 1 is formed, its surface can be chemically etched to be roughened. For example, when using a wet etching process, a predetermined etching solution can be sprayed (sprayed) on the surface of the conductive layer 1 to form an uneven shape having a surface roughness of about 2 ⁇ m. it can.
- a conductive layer is formed on the roughened surface.
- the surface on which the conductive layer 1 is formed can have an uneven shape.
- the above-described sandblasting and etching methods can be used.
- Examples of the adhesion method include a method in which diamond particles 3 are mixed into a vehicle and spin-coated to adhere the particles, and a substrate 11 shown in Fig. 21 (b) is immersed in a solution in which the particles 3 are dispersed and installed.
- a method of attaching the particles 3 in the solution by applying ultrasonic vibration to the solution or a method of attaching the particles 3 by an electrophoresis method can be applied.
- the particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- a plurality of particles 3 are deposited on the conductive layer 1 without making contact with each other.
- the individual particles 3 function as an electron emission source (emitter), so that the amount of emission current (electrons) from the electron emission region 4 is equal to the amount of electrons emitted from the individual particles 3. It becomes accumulation.
- an electron-emitting device capable of extracting a large current can be obtained.
- the counter electrode 5 was disposed at a distance of l mm from the substrate 11 and a voltage was applied, an emission current of 1 ⁇ cm 2 or more was obtained at a voltage of about 2 kV.
- the configuration of the present embodiment is limited to a configuration in which particles 3 as electron emitting members 3 are further disposed on an insulating layer 2 formed on an uneven conductive layer 1 as shown in FIG. 6A.
- the particles 3 having the insulating layer 2 formed on the surface are disposed on the uneven conductive layer 1 or in the insulating layer 2 formed on the uneven conductive layer 1
- the structure in which the particles 3 are provided so as to partially bury the particles 3 may be the same as in the previous embodiment.
- a layered (that is, having a layered structure) electron-emitting member 3 is provided on the unevenness of the conductive layer 1 with the insulating layer 2 interposed therebetween. The effect can be obtained.
- the electron emission layer 3 is provided only at a portion corresponding to the tip of the protrusion in the uneven shape of the conductive layer 1 via the insulating layer 2. It is also possible. Even with this configuration, the same effect as the configuration in FIG. 5A can be obtained.
- FIG. 6A is a sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- a conductive layer (electron transport member) 1 is formed on a substrate 11.
- the surface of the conductive layer 1 is roughened to form an uneven shape, and an insulating layer (electric field concentration region) 2 is formed along the uneven shape.
- Particles (electron-emitting members) 3 adhere to the insulating layer 2 so that each comes into contact with the plurality of projections to form an electron-emitting region 4.
- an extraction electrode 5 having an opening 5 a at a position corresponding to the electron emission region 4 is provided at a predetermined distance from the electron emission region 4.
- the configuration in FIG. 6A is also generally called a triode configuration.
- the electric field is concentrated on the surface of the electron emission region 4 to extract the electrons e, and the opening 5 a To be taken out.
- the configuration as an electron-emitting device becomes slightly more complicated.
- a voltage applied to the extraction electrode 5 to extract the electron e and a phosphor (not shown) emit light. Therefore, the voltages that need to be applied to the counter electrode (not shown) can be set independently of each other. Therefore, the extraction electrode 5 can be installed close to the electron emission region 4, and as a result, it is possible to extract the electrons e at a lower voltage.
- a conductive layer 1 whose surface is roughened is formed on a Si substrate 1.
- a method for roughening the surface of the conductive layer 1 for example, there is a method of forming the conductive layer 1 by a thermal spraying process.
- the size (surface roughness) of the concavo-convex shape obtained in this case can be controlled by adjusting the spraying conditions, and a maximum surface roughness of about 10 m can be obtained.
- the thermal spraying process is characterized by being able to form a film under atmospheric pressure instead of a vacuum process, the cost of forming the conductive layer 1 is reduced.
- the surface can be roughened by a sandblasting process.
- a sharp projection can be formed on the surface of the conductive layer 1.
- the flat conductive layer 1 after the flat conductive layer 1 is formed, its surface can be chemically etched to be roughened. For example, when using a wet etching process, a predetermined etching solution can be sprayed (sprayed) on the surface of the conductive layer 1 to form an uneven shape having a surface roughness of about 2 / m. it can.
- the surface on which the conductive layer 1 is formed can have an uneven shape.
- the above-mentioned sand blasting method and etching method can be used for the roughening of the substrate 1.
- an Sio 2 film 2 having a thickness of 500 A is formed on the concavo-convex shape of the formed conductive layer 1. Further, as shown in FIG. 22 (c), diamond particles 3 having an average particle diameter of 10 are adhered thereon to form electron emission regions 4.
- Examples of the adhesion method include a method in which diamond particles 3 are mixed in a vehicle and spin-coated to adhere the particles, and a substrate 11 shown in FIG. 22 (b) is immersed in a solution in which the particles 3 are dispersed. By installing and applying ultrasonic vibration to the solution, the particles in the solution A method of attaching particles 3 or a method of attaching particles 3 by electrophoresis can be applied. In any of the methods, by setting appropriate adhesion conditions, the particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- the extraction electrode 5 having the opening 5a is formed of a thin metal plate of an appropriate material, and the opening 5a is formed at a position corresponding to the electron emission region 4 as shown in FIG. 22 (d).
- the extraction electrode 5 is arranged at a distance of 1 mm from the electron emission region 4 so that is positioned.
- the extraction electrode 5 having the opening 5a is provided at a predetermined position, it is also possible to perform the attachment treatment of the particles 3 constituting the electron emission region 4. However, in that case, it is necessary to prevent the particles 3 from adhering to the extraction electrode 5.
- the configuration of the present embodiment it is possible to apply a voltage to the anode electrode (not shown) independently of the applied voltage for extracting electrons e. For example, applying a voltage of 10 kV to the anode electrode has made it possible to display images with high brightness.
- particles (electron emission members) 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 are formed by forming an insulating film (electric field concentration region) 2 on a conductive layer (electron transport member) 1 having a roughened surface.
- the effect obtained by the attachment via the via hole is the same as in the case of the configuration of the third embodiment.
- the specific constituent materials and modified contents of the insulating layer 2, the particles 3, and other constituent elements, the effects obtained by them, and the electron emission mechanism are the same as those in the first embodiment. .
- the configuration of the present embodiment is, as shown in FIG. 6A, formed on the uneven conductive layer 1.
- the present invention is not limited to the configuration in which the particles 3 as the electron emitting members 3 are further disposed on the insulating layer 2.
- the structure in which the particles 3 having the insulating layer 2 formed on the surface are disposed on the uneven conductive layer 1 or in the insulating layer 2 formed on the uneven conductive layer 1
- the structure in which the particles 3 are provided so as to partially bury the particles 3 may be the same as in the previous embodiment.
- the surface roughness of the roughened surface of the conductive layer 1 is limited to that of the particles 3. It is preferable that the diameter be sufficiently smaller than the diameter.
- the electron emission layer 3 is provided only at a position corresponding to the tip of the protrusion in the uneven shape of the conductive layer 1 via the insulating layer 2. It is also possible. With this configuration, it is possible to obtain the same effect as the configuration of FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the electron-emitting device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined amount of current through conductive layer 1 is further formed in the configuration shown in FIG. 1A.
- a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined amount of current through conductive layer 1 is further formed in the configuration shown in FIG. 1A.
- the conductive layer 1 is formed on the surface of the Si substrate 11.
- a circuit 6 for supplying a predetermined current to the conductive layer 1 formed I do Specifically, a circuit 6 for passing a current of about 1 mA to the conductive layer 1 at a voltage value of 1.5 V using a circuit element such as a resistor (not shown) having an appropriate value is connected.
- diamond particles 3 having an average diameter of 10 ⁇ adhere to the Si 2 film 2 to form an electron emission region 4.
- any of the methods described in relation to the first embodiment can be used, such as a method in which the diamond particles 3 are mixed into a vehicle and then applied by spin coating. . By setting appropriate adhesion conditions, particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- the particles (electron emission members) 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 adhere to the conductive layer (electron transport member) 1 via the insulating film (electric field concentration region) 2.
- the effect obtained by the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the specific constituent materials and modifications of the insulating layer 2, the particles 3, and other constituent elements, the effects obtained by them, and the electron emission mechanism are the same as those of the previous embodiment. .
- the configuration of the present embodiment is not limited to the configuration in which the particles 3 as the electron emitting members 3 are further disposed on the insulating layer 2 formed on the conductive layer 1 as shown in FIG.
- a structure in which the particles 3 having the insulating layer 2 formed on the surface is disposed on the conductive layer 1, or one of the particles 3 in the insulating layer 2 formed on the conductive layer 1.
- the structure provided so that the part is buried may be the same as in the previous embodiment. (Sixth embodiment)
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of an electron-emitting device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined amount of current to the conductive layer 1 is further formed in the configuration shown in FIG.
- a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined amount of current to the conductive layer 1 is further formed in the configuration shown in FIG.
- a part of the current (electrons) flowing through the conductive layer 1 from the electron emission region 4 by the circuit 6 a larger amount of emission current can be obtained as compared with the configuration of FIG.
- the other configuration is substantially the same as the configuration in FIG. 4, and the corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will not be repeated here.
- the conductive layer 1 is formed on the surface of the Si substrate 11.
- a Si0 2 film 2 having a thickness of 500 A is formed on the conductive layer 1 and a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined current through the conductive layer 1 is formed.
- a circuit 6 for passing a current of about 1 mA at a voltage value of 1.5 V to the conductive layer 1 using a circuit element such as a resistor (not shown) having an appropriate value is connected.
- diamond particles 3 having an average particle diameter of 10 m are attached to the SiO 2 film 2 to form an electron emission region 4.
- any of the methods described in relation to the above embodiment can be used, such as a method in which diamond particles 3 are mixed into a vehicle and applied by spin coating. By setting appropriate adhesion conditions, the particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- the extraction electrode 5 having the opening 5a is formed of a thin metal plate of an appropriate material, and the opening 5a is formed at a position corresponding to the electron emission region 4 as shown in FIG. 24 (d).
- the extraction electrode 5 is arranged at a distance of l mm from the electron emission region 4 such that When a voltage was applied to the extraction electrode 5, an emission current of 1 A / cm 2 or more was obtained at a voltage of about 2 kV.
- the extraction electrode 5 having the opening 5a is provided at a predetermined position, it is also possible to perform the attachment treatment of the particles 3 constituting the electron emission region 4. However, in that case, it is necessary to prevent the particles 3 from adhering to the extraction electrode 5.
- the particles (electron emission material) 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 are adhered on the conductive layer (electron transport member) 1 via the insulating film (electric field concentration region) 2.
- the effect obtained by this is the same as in the case of the configuration of the second embodiment.
- the specific constituent materials and modifications of the insulating layer 2, the particles 3, and other constituent elements, the effects obtained by them, and the electron emission mechanism are the same as those of the previous embodiment. .
- the configuration of the present embodiment is not limited to a configuration in which particles 3 as electron emission members 3 are further disposed on an insulating layer 2 formed on a conductive layer 1 as shown in FIG.
- a structure in which the particles 3 having the insulating layer 2 formed on the surface is disposed on the conductive layer 1, or one of the particles 3 in the insulating layer 2 formed on the conductive layer 1.
- the structure in which the part is buried may be the same as in the previous embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an electron-emitting device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined amount of current through conductive layer 1 is further formed in the configuration shown in FIG. 5A.
- a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined amount of current through conductive layer 1 is further formed in the configuration shown in FIG. 5A.
- the surface of the Si substrate 11 is subjected to any of the methods described in relation to the previous embodiment, and the conductive surface is roughened.
- FIG. 2 5 (b) together with the surface to form a S i 0 2 film 2 having a thickness of 5 0 0 A on the conductive layer 1 which is roughened, the conductive layer 1 given A circuit 6 for flowing the electric current of is formed.
- a circuit 6 for passing a current of about 1 mA to the conductive layer 1 at a voltage value of 1.5 V using a circuit element such as a resistor (not shown) having an appropriate value is connected. Further, as shown in FIG.
- diamond particles 3 having an average diameter of 10 am are attached to the SiO 2 film 2 to form an electron emission region 4.
- any of the methods described in relation to the above embodiment can be used, such as a method in which diamond particles 3 are mixed into a vehicle and spin-coated to attach the particles. By setting appropriate adhesion conditions, the particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- the particles (electron emitting member) 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 are formed by forming an insulating film (electron concentration member) on a conductive layer (electron transporting member) 1 having a roughened surface and an uneven shape.
- the effect obtained by attaching via the (region) 2 is the same as that of the configuration of the third embodiment.
- the specific constituent materials and modified contents of the insulating layer 2, the particles 3, and other constituent elements, the effects obtained by them, and the electron emission mechanism are the same as those in the previous embodiment. .
- the configuration of the present embodiment is formed on the uneven conductive layer 1.
- the present invention is not limited to the configuration in which the particles 3 as the electron emitting members 3 are further provided on the insulating layer 2.
- the particles 3 having the insulating layer 2 formed on the surface are disposed on the uneven conductive layer 1, or in the insulating layer 2 formed on the uneven conductive layer 1.
- the structure in which the particles 3 are provided so as to partially bury them may be the same as in the case of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a sectional view of an electron-emitting device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- a circuit 6 for flowing a predetermined amount of current through conductive layer 1 is further formed.
- a part of the current (electrons) flowing through the conductive layer 1 from the electron emission region 4 by the circuit 6 By emitting a part of the current (electrons) flowing through the conductive layer 1 from the electron emission region 4 by the circuit 6, a larger amount of emission current can be obtained as compared with the configuration of FIG. 6A.
- the other configuration is substantially the same as the configuration in FIG. 6A, and the corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will not be repeated here.
- a conductive surface having a roughened surface is formed on the surface of the Si substrate 11 by using any of the methods described in relation to the above embodiment.
- FIG. 2 6 (b) together with the surface to form a S i 0 2 film 2 having a thickness of 5 0 0 A on the conductive layer 1 which is roughened, the conductive layer 1 given A circuit 6 for flowing the electric current of is formed.
- a circuit 6 for passing a current of about 1 mA to the conductive layer 1 at a voltage value of 1.5 V using a circuit element such as a resistor (not shown) having an appropriate value is connected.
- FIG. 26 (a) a conductive surface having a roughened surface is formed on the surface of the Si substrate 11 by using any of the methods described in relation to the above embodiment.
- FIG. 2 6 (b) together with the surface to form a S i 0 2 film 2 having a thickness of 5 0 0 A on the conductive layer 1 which is roughened, the conductive
- diamond particles 3 having an average particle diameter of 10 m adhere to the SiO 2 film 2 to form an electron emission region 4.
- any of the methods described in relation to the above embodiment can be used, such as a method in which diamond particles 3 are mixed into a vehicle, and the particles are applied by spin coating. By setting appropriate adhesion conditions, the particles 3 can be adhered without contacting each other.
- the extraction electrode 5 having the opening 5a is formed of a thin metal plate of an appropriate material, and the opening 5a is formed at a position corresponding to the electron emission region 4 as shown in FIG. 26 (d).
- the extraction electrode 5 is arranged at a distance of 1 mm from the electron emission region 4 so that the position is fi.
- an emission current of 1 AZcm 2 or more was obtained at a voltage of about 2 kV.
- the particles (electron emitting member) 3 constituting the electron emission region 4 are formed by forming an insulating film (electron concentration member) on a conductive layer (electron transporting member) 1 having a roughened surface and an uneven shape.
- the effect obtained by the attachment via the (region) 2 is the same as in the case of the configuration of the fourth embodiment.
- the specific constituent materials and modified contents of the insulating layer 2, the abductee 3, and other constituent elements, the effects obtained by them, and the electron emission mechanism are the same as those in the previous embodiment. is there.
- the configuration of the present embodiment is limited to a configuration in which particles 3 as electron emitting members 3 are further disposed on an insulating layer 2 formed on an uneven conductive layer 1 as shown in FIG. Not.
- the structure in which the particles 3 having the insulating layer 2 formed on the surface are disposed on the uneven conductive layer 1 or in the insulating layer 2 formed on the uneven conductive layer 1
- the structure in which the particles 3 are provided so as to partially bury them may be the same as in the case of the fourth embodiment.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 6B may be connected to the circuit 6 described above. (Ninth embodiment)
- an electron transporting member 102 and a conductive electron emitting member 103 are formed on the electron injection electrode 101.
- a counter electrode 104 to which a voltage for forming an electric field for generating electron emission is applied via an electron emitting member 103, for example, through a vacuum gap.
- the electron injection electrode 101 is grounded, and a positive voltage is applied to the counter electrode 104 using the power supply 105. I do.
- an AC power supply (a time-varying voltage power supply, which changes over time) 106 whose one side is grounded is connected to the electron emission member 103 via the capacitor 107.
- the AC voltage is applied to the electron emitting member 103, the capacitor 107, the electron injecting electrode 101, the conductive electron emitting member 103, and the insulating material sandwiched between them. It is applied with another capacitor constituted by the electron transport member 102 as a load. With this applied voltage, a charge is accumulated in each capacitor for a voltage that changes sufficiently slowly.
- the other electrode of the capacitor 107 has negative charges and electron emission.
- Positive charges are stored in the member 103, and negative charges are stored in the interface between the electron injection electrode 101 and the electron transport member 102.
- the electric field applied to the electron transporting member 102 becomes sufficiently large, the electrons accumulated at the interface of the electron injection electrode 101 are tunnel-injected into the electron transporting member 102, and are further transported by the electric field to conduct. Electron emitting members reach 103.
- the insulating electronic transporting member 102 and the capacitor 1 The electron-emitting member 103 which is insulated in a DC manner by the negative electrode 107 is negatively charged. The voltage applied by this charge is superimposed on the voltage applied by the counter electrode 104, and the electric field applied to the electron emission region 3 causes electrons to move from the electron emission region 3 into a vacuum. Released.
- FIG. 12 is a modification of the configuration of FIG. 11 and corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the electron emitting member 103 is insulated from the electron injection electrode 101 in a DC manner and is in an electrically floating state.
- This insulating property is achieved by providing a sufficiently small DC electric field to the electron transporting member 102 so that the electron transporting member 102 includes an electrically insulated portion or a high resistance portion. Can be achieved. With such a configuration having an insulating property, efficient electron emission occurs according to the principle of the present embodiment.
- the electron transporting member 102 between the electron injection electrode 101 and the electron emitting member 103 has the most When a sufficiently small electric field is applied so that the electric field strength in the portion where the electric field is concentrated is 1 mV nom or less, if the electric resistivity of the electron transport member 102 is 1 k ⁇ cm or more, The above-described DC floating state is preferably achieved.
- FIGS. 11 or FIG. 12 the configuration shown in FIGS. 12
- the potential of the electron-emitting member 103 is temporally displaced.
- the positive potential of the electron emitting member 103 increases, electrons are injected from the electron injection electrode 101 into the electron transporting member 102. When the electrons reach the electron emitting member 103, the positive potential rapidly changes to a negative potential. This change in potential promotes electron emission from the electron-emitting member 103 to vacuum. As described above, in the electron-emitting device of the present embodiment, the temporal change in the potential of the electron-emitting member 103 as described above is induced, and the temporal change in the potential promotes electron emission. I do.
- the time change of the potential of the electron emitting member 103 may be caused by applying a predetermined voltage, or may be automatically induced. For example, as long as the expected time change of the potential occurs in the electron-emitting member 103, a configuration in which the capacitor, the AC power supply, and the DC power supply are not connected to the electron-emitting member 103 as shown in Fig. 13 However, the same effect can be obtained.
- the electron emitting member 103 sandwiching the insulating electron transport member 102 is provided.
- a voltage is applied between the electron injection electrode 101 and the electron injection electrode 101, electrons are injected from the electron injection electrode 101.
- the electron-emitting member 103 is a substance having a negative electron affinity, electrons are easily emitted from the electron-emitting member 103 to a vacuum, and the electron-emitting element exhibits a predetermined function.
- the counter electrode 104 is not necessarily required for electron emission, and even if the counter electrode 104 is not provided, electron emission into a vacuum can occur. The emitted electrons run in a vacuum even with a very small electric field.
- a molybdenum (Mo) substrate serving also as the electron injection electrode 101 is placed in a solution in which diamond particles having an average particle size of 0.02 / zm are dispersed.
- ultrasonic vibration is applied in this state to form high-density growth nuclei for diamond growth on the substrate surface.
- the diamond particle dispersion is obtained by adding 2 g of diamond particles to 1 liter of pure water, further adding 2 liters of ethanol, and then dropping a few drops of hydrofluoric acid. It is liquid of 3.
- the above ultrasonic vibration treatment is applied for 10 minutes, and the density of the diamond growth nuclei formed on the substrate surface is about 5 ⁇ 10 pieces.
- the substrate on which the diamond growth nuclei have been formed as described above is then placed in a microwave CVD apparatus, and CO gas (1 to 10%) diluted with hydrogen is supplied to generate a power of several hundred watts.
- CO gas (1 to 10%) diluted with hydrogen is supplied to generate a power of several hundred watts.
- the substrate temperature in this case is 800 to 900 ° C.
- CVD growth for several minutes a diamond thin film having a thickness of 0.2 m is formed.
- the intentional doping of diamond results in the formation of a nearly insulating diamond thin film.
- This insulating diamond thin film functions as the electron transport member 102.
- the diamond film surface is hydrogenated and there is a conductive layer on the surface.
- the surface conductive layer of the diamond thin film functions as a conductive electron emitting member 103.
- a Ti electrode is formed on a part of the conductive layer on the surface of the diamond thin film formed as described above by electron beam evaporation using a metal mask having a predetermined pattern.
- Au is further vapor-deposited on the Ti electrode, and a lead wire is taken out from the Au electrode by wire bonding of the Au wire.
- a lead wire is taken out from the electron injection electrode 101 of the Mo substrate.
- the electron emission device using the diamond thin film formed as above There was placed in the vacuum apparatus was kept below 1 0- 7 To rr, further away therefrom lm m, placing the counter electrode 104.
- the lead wire extracted from the electron injection electrode 101 of the Mo substrate is grounded, and the lead wire extracted from the electron emission member 103 of the surface conductive layer of the diamond thin film is connected to the capacitor 107.
- the lead wire connected to the other electrode of the capacitor 107 is connected to the AC power supply 106, and the other terminal of the AC power supply 106 is grounded.
- an AC electric field of 10 VZ60HZ is applied to the electron-emitting member 103 via the capacitor 107, and a DC voltage of 3 kV is applied between the ground level and the counter electrode 104.
- a DC voltage of 3 kV is applied between the ground level and the counter electrode 104.
- the DC voltage applied by the DC power supply 108 is set to 10 V under the same conditions as in the configuration of FIG. It was confirmed that when a DC voltage of 2.5 kV was applied between the substrate and 104, electron emission occurred at a current density of 1 iA / cm 2 or more.
- FIG. 14 shows the configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the electron-emitting member 103 having conductivity is a particle 109 having a particulate shape (hereinafter simply referred to as “particle 109”) (for example, a carbon particle), the particle 109 The electric field tends to concentrate on the leading end 110 of the electrode, and electrons are easily emitted therefrom.
- particle 109 a particulate shape
- the electron emitting member 103 having conductivity contains graphite particles, electrons are emitted from the sp 2 plane edge on the c-plane of graphite. Easy to put out and preferable.
- the particles 109 constituting the electron emitting member 103 having conductivity are generally wide band gap semiconductor particles having a band gap of at least 3.5 eV or more.
- the electron affinity which is several eV, is a small positive or negative value.
- the electron is injected into the conduction band and is released into a vacuum by the small activation energy.
- the electron emitting member 103 having conductivity be particles containing a material having a negative electron affinity (for example, diamond), since electrons are easily emitted into a vacuum.
- the conductive electron-emitting member 103 contains a compound of at least one of Ga, Al, In, and B and nitrogen, the negative or small positive It shows the electron affinity of the value, and it is preferable because electron emission easily occurs.
- the individual particles 109 constituting the electron-emitting member 103 are included in a cube having a side of 1 mm, which is larger than a cube having a side of 1 nm. It is preferable to have a size such that If the particle force is smaller than a cube whose one side is' 1 rim, the particle size is too small to keep the crystal structure of the particle and the structure becomes unstable and stable It is difficult to maintain the emitted electron emission.
- the abductor 109 which is larger than a cube having one side of 1 mm, is not preferable in terms of application as an electron-emitting device because the place where electrons are emitted is limited and its abundance decreases.
- diamond particles having a diameter of 1 m are treated in a hydrogen atmosphere at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to hydrogenate the surface and form a conductive surface layer having a negative electron affinity.
- the diamond particles are treated in air at 900 ° C. for 5 minutes to form an oxide film on the surface thereof, and then pressed on a Ni electrode to be dispersed.
- the Ni electrode functions as an electron injection electrode 101
- the oxide film on the surface of the Ni electrode functions as an insulative electron transport member 102
- the hydrogenated surface of diamond abductor functions as an electron emitting member 103.
- the electron-emitting device shown in FIG. 14 is configured.
- the diamond existing in the electron-emitting member 103 can be obtained.
- the aggregate of particles becomes conductive as a whole.
- a lead wire is taken out from the electron emitting member 103, and a capacitor 107, an AC power source 106, and a DC power source 108 are connected in series to the lead wire.
- electron emission occurs with higher efficiency.
- FIG. 15 shows the configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the electron transporting member 102 is composed of particles of a wide band gap semiconductor material having a band gap of 3.5 eV or more, and the surface of the particle has a conductive electron emitting member 103.
- electrons are formed, electrons are efficiently injected from the electron injection electrode 101 into the conduction band of the semiconductor material particles of the electron transport member 102, and the electrons injected into the conduction band are converted into electron emission members. It is transported to 103, and is easily released into a vacuum from the surface of the wide band gap semiconductor material of the electron transport member 1 • 2 having a small positive or negative electron affinity.
- the wide bandgap semiconductor particles having a band gap of 3.5 eV or more that constitute the electron transport member 102 are at least one of Ga, Al, In, and B.
- One or more elements and nitrogen When a compound of the formula (1) is included, a negative or small positive electron affinity is exhibited, and electron emission easily occurs, which is preferable.
- the electron transport member 102 is formed of a thin film of a wide band gap semiconductor material having a band gap of 3.5 eV or more, and a conductive electron emission member 103 is formed on the surface of the thin film.
- the electron emission member 103 may be formed of a wide band gap semiconductor material.
- the electron transport member 102 (and the electron emission member 103) is composed of a diamond thin film formed by a vapor phase growth method, the negative electron affinity of the diamond can be effectively utilized. And preferred.
- the thickness of the diamond thin film forming the electron transporting member 102 (and the electron emitting member 103) is preferably not less than 1 nm and not more than 10 m. When the thickness of the diamond thin film is 1 nm or less, it becomes difficult to maintain the insulating property of the electron transporting member 102. On the other hand, when the thickness is 10 or more, the electric field induced in the electron transport member 102 by the voltage applied between the electron injection electrode 101 and the electron emission member 103 decreases.
- the electron-emitting device of the present embodiment can be easily formed.
- diamond particles with a diameter of 1 m are kneaded into a polymer adhesive and applied to the surface of a tungsten (W) electrode substrate.
- this substrate is placed in a microwave CVD apparatus, and CO gas (1 to 10%) diluted with hydrogen is supplied, and a power of several hundred W is applied to 25 to 40 Torr.
- a diamond thin film is formed at a degree of vacuum. This place The substrate temperature in this case is set to 800 to 900 ° C.
- a diamond thin film having a thickness of 0.2 m is formed by CVD growth for several minutes.
- the polymer adhesive is etched away from the surface by hydrogen plasma and the resulting diamond particles grow on the exposed surface while the diamond particles are hydrogenated.
- the W electrode functions as the electron injection electrode 101.
- the insulating portion located near the W electrode and having insufficient hydrogenation and diamond growth is located at the electron transporting member 102, while the hydrogenation and diamond growth at the tip portion of the diamond particles are performed.
- the conductive surface having a sufficient thickness acts as the electron-emitting member 103, whereby the electron-emitting device of the present embodiment is configured.
- FIG. 16 shows a configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the 12th embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration of the electron-emitting device according to the present embodiment is obtained by further suitably modifying the configuration described in the previous embodiment.
- the electron transport member 102 is composed of diamond particles 109.
- the electron emitting member 103 having conductivity is formed by a carbon-based thin film or fine particles 111 containing diamond formed on at least a part of the surface of the diamond particles 109 constituting the electron transporting member 102. It is configured.
- the size of the diamond particles 109 constituting the electron transporting member 102 is smaller than the diameter of the carbon-based thin film or fine particles 111 including diamond constituting the electron emitting member 103.
- the electric field concentration effectively acts on the electron-emitting member 103 having a fine surface structure, and efficient electron emission is performed.
- the diamond particles 109 constituting the electron transporting member 102 have a diameter of about 0.1 // m to about 1 ⁇ while the electron emitting member 10
- the diameter (thickness) of the thin film or fine particles 11 constituting 3 has a diameter (thickness) of about 0.0111 to about 0.1, more preferable effects can be obtained.
- the thin film or fine particles 111 constituting the electron-emitting member 103 may be formed on a part of the surface of the diamond particles 109 constituting the electron-transporting member 102. However, it is not always necessary to cover the entire surface.
- the electron injection electrode 101 and the electron transport member 102 are ohmically joined, so that the injection of electrons from the electron injection electrode 101 becomes efficient. Also, when a thin insulating layer having a thickness of about 500 nm or less is provided on the electron transporting member 102, the electric field is applied to the insulating layer intensively as described in the first embodiment. And the injection of electrons occurs efficiently, and a more favorable effect is obtained.
- a more specific example of the configuration in FIG. 16 will be described below.
- the diamond fine particles 111 formed by the CVD growth process do not form a continuous film.
- the growth of the diamond fine particles 111 becomes further insufficient.
- the surface of the attached diamond particles 109 is inefficient due to insufficient hydrogenation and diamond growth, while only the surface of the diamond particles 111 grown by CVD is sufficiently hydrogenated and diamond grown. It becomes conductive.
- the CVD-grown diamond particles 111 functioning as the electron-emitting member 103 are electrically connected to the electron injection electrode 101 via the surface of the adhered diamond particles 109 having low conductivity. .
- the W electrode functions as the electron injection electrode 101. Further, in the attached diamond particles 109, an insulative portion which is located near the W electrode and has insufficient hydrogenation and diamond growth functions as the electron transport member 102, while the CVD-grown diamond particles 1 11 acts as a conductive electron-emitting member 103, thereby constituting the electron-emitting device of the present embodiment.
- a very thin continuous thin film diamond film can be formed, and vapor phase growth of a diamond film as an insulating layer having a thickness of 500 nm or less has become possible for the first time.
- a diamond thin film is grown by microwave CVD vapor deposition using hydrogen-diluted methane, the surface of the diamond thin film is hydrogenated and becomes conductive. Is formed.
- FIG. 27 shows a schematic sectional view of an image display device as a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- This image display device is configured using the electron-emitting device of the present invention described in each of the above embodiments as an electron-emitting source.
- a plurality of electron-emitting devices 211 are formed on a substrate 211a that also serves as a part of the envelope 212, thereby constituting an electron-emitting source 220.
- Reference numeral 213 denotes an image forming unit, which is an electron drive electrode 213a for driving and controlling, for example, acceleration, deflection, modulation, and the like for electrons from the electron emission source 220 (electron emission element 211).
- a phosphor 2 13 b attached to the inner surface of a portion 2 12 b of the envelope 2 1 2, and the driven electrons cause the phosphor 2 13 b to emit light to display an image. I do.
- the electron emission source 220 is configured using the electron emission element 211 of the present invention, a large emission current can be taken out at a low voltage, and therefore, low voltage driving is possible and A high-luminance flat panel display can be realized.
- FIGS. 28 (a) to (d) show schematic process diagrams of a method for manufacturing the image display device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 28 (a) a plurality of substrates are formed on a substrate 212a also serving as a part of the envelope 212 by the manufacturing method described in any of the embodiments of the present invention.
- An electron emission element 2 11 is provided to form an electron emission source 2 20.
- one of the image forming units The electronic drive electrode 2 13 a is disposed (Fig. 28 (b)), and a part 2 12 b of the envelope with the phosphor 2 13 b attached to the inner surface is installed ( Figure 28 (c)).
- the inside of the envelope 2 12 is evacuated to manufacture the image display device according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 27 (FIG. 28 (d)).
- an electron-emitting member having a particle shape is attached to a conductive layer as an electron-transporting member via an electric field concentration region formed of an insulating film or the like. are doing. For this reason, the electric field is efficiently concentrated in the electric field concentration region (insulating film) located between the electron transport member (conductive layer) and the electron emission member (particles). As a result, the electron barrier existing at the interface between the electron transporting member (conductive layer) and the electron emitting member (particles) is reduced, and electrons can be easily injected into the electron emitting member (particles). As a result, an electron-emitting device capable of extracting electrons with a low voltage at a low voltage is formed.
- the electron transporting member is sufficiently small between the electron injection electrode and the electron emitting member to reduce the DC power. It is configured to include a portion that is electrically insulating or has high resistance when a field is applied. As a result, (1) a relatively small size, capable of emitting electrons by an electric field (the electron affinity of the electron emitting member is small), and (2) an electron emitting member (emitter) required for the electron emitting element.
- the surface is chemically stable and can maintain stable electron emission characteristics. (3) It is excellent in terms of overall abrasion resistance and heat resistance. An electron-emitting device having characteristics is realized.
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- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99902858A EP1056110B1 (en) | 1998-02-09 | 1999-02-09 | Electron emitting device, method of producing the same, and method of driving the same; and image display comprising the electron emitting device and method of producing the same |
US09/601,907 US6635979B1 (en) | 1998-02-09 | 1999-02-09 | Electron emitting device, method of producing the same, and method of driving the same; and image display comprising the electron emitting device and method of producing the same |
DE69941811T DE69941811D1 (de) | 1998-02-09 | 1999-02-09 | Elektronenemissionsvorrichtung, verfahren zur herselben; bildanzeige mit solchen elektronenemissions- vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10/26945 | 1998-02-09 | ||
JP2694598 | 1998-02-09 | ||
JP10/202992 | 1998-07-17 | ||
JP20299298 | 1998-07-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999040601A1 true WO1999040601A1 (fr) | 1999-08-12 |
Family
ID=26364799
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/000543 WO1999040601A1 (fr) | 1998-02-09 | 1999-02-09 | Dispositif emetteur d'electrons, son procede de production, et son procede d'excitation; afficheur d'images comprenant ledit emetteur d'electrons et son procede de fabrication |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6635979B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1056110B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100377284B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69941811D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999040601A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
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FR2793602B1 (fr) * | 1999-05-12 | 2001-08-03 | Univ Claude Bernard Lyon | Procede et dispositif pour extraire des electrons dans le vide et cathodes d'emission pour un tel dispositif |
US6822380B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2004-11-23 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Field-enhanced MIS/MIM electron emitters |
DE60229105D1 (de) * | 2001-12-13 | 2008-11-13 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Feldemissionselektronenquelle |
EP1523025B1 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2012-12-19 | Panasonic Corporation | Field emission-type electron source |
JP3535871B2 (ja) | 2002-06-13 | 2004-06-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子放出素子、電子源、画像表示装置及び電子放出素子の製造方法 |
JP4154356B2 (ja) | 2003-06-11 | 2008-09-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子放出素子、電子源、画像表示装置及びテレビ |
EP1605489A3 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2008-06-11 | Dialight Japan Co., Ltd. | Field electron emission device and lighting device |
US20060003150A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Treatment of substrates for improving ink adhesion to substrates |
JP5410648B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-26 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社ピュアロンジャパン | 表示パネルおよび該表示パネルに用いる発光ユニット |
JP4554330B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-21 | 2010-09-29 | 株式会社リコー | 高耐久性を有する断熱スタンパ構造 |
JP4667031B2 (ja) | 2004-12-10 | 2011-04-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子放出素子の製造方法、および該製造方法を用いた、電子源並びに画像表示装置の製造方法 |
US9108888B2 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2015-08-18 | Suneeta S. Neogi | Method for producing nanocrystalline diamond coatings on gemstones and other substrates |
DE102010023428A1 (de) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | Rheinmetall Radfahrzeuge Gmbh | Lenkungsdurchführung für militärisches Fahrzeug |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1056110A4 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
KR20010040821A (ko) | 2001-05-15 |
DE69941811D1 (de) | 2010-01-28 |
EP1056110A1 (en) | 2000-11-29 |
US6635979B1 (en) | 2003-10-21 |
KR100377284B1 (ko) | 2003-03-26 |
EP1056110B1 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
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