Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F15/06—Cobalt compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
  • B01J27/26—Cyanides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
  • C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
  • C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
  • C08G65/2663—Metal cyanide catalysts, i.e. DMC's

Definitions

• the invention relates to crystalline multimetal cyanide complexes, mixtures thereof, processes for their preparation, their use as catalysts and a process for the preparation of polyether polyols using this catalyst.
• Custom-made polyether polyols are required for the production of polyurethane foams with a wide range of properties.
• high molecular weight polyols are used for flexible foams and shorter-chain polyols for rigid foams.
• Polyether polyols are generally prepared from alkylene oxides in the presence of a starter using various catalysts, such as bases, hydrophobized double-layer hydroxides, acidic or Lewis acid systems, organometallic compounds or multimetal cyanide complex compounds.
• catalysts such as bases, hydrophobized double-layer hydroxides, acidic or Lewis acid systems, organometallic compounds or multimetal cyanide complex compounds.
• Multimetal cyanide complex catalysts are known per se. As a rule, these are compounds which are difficult to characterize by X-ray diffraction, are less crystalline and in some cases also X-ray amorphous, or are crystalline double metal cyanides which have a cubic structure. Improved double metal cyanide complex catalysts are described in EP-A-0 654 302. In particular, zinc hexacyanocobaltate catalysts are listed that are used for the polymerization of epoxides.
• EP-A-0 743 093 describes highly active double metal cyanide complex catalysts.
• the catalysts described are essentially amorphous and are based on zinc hexacyanocobaltate. They are used for the polymerization of epoxides.
• EP-A-0 755 716 describes highly active double metal cyanide complex catalysts. They are essentially crystalline and are based on zinc hexacyanocobaltate complexes.
• Double metal cyanide catalysts are considered suitable for the polymerization of epoxides if they are either amorphous, containing more than 0.2 mole of metal salt per mole of double metal cyanide, or are crystalline, containing less than 0.2 mole of metal salt per mole of double metal cyanide .
• the object of the present invention is to provide multimetal cyanide complexes which are largely or completely crystalline and, as catalysts, have a high activity.
• M 1 at least one element from the group consisting of Zn (Et), Fe (H), Co (m), Ni (II), Mn (II), Co (II), Sn (II), Pb (II), Fe (m), Mo (IV), Mo (VI), Al (i ⁇ ), V (IV), V (V), Sr (H), W (IV), W (VI), Cu (H), and Cr (m),
• M 2 at least one element from the group consisting of Fe (H), Fe (IH), Co (III), Cr (m), Mn (II), Mn (m), Ir (m), Rh (m) , Ru (II), V (IV), V (V),
• L 1 is at least one ligand from the group consisting of cyanide, carbonyl, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrile, thiocyanate and nitrosyl,
• X is a formate anion, acetate anion or propionate anion
• L 2 is at least one water-miscible ligand from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, polyethers, esters, urea derivatives, amides, nitriles and sulfides,
• a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i are integers, where a, b, c and d are chosen so that the electroneutrality condition is fulfilled and f and g are chosen so that the electroneutrality condition is fulfilled, whose X-ray diffractogram shows reflections at at least the d values
• X is a formate anion, whose X-ray diffractogram shows reflections at at least the d values 5.20 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ 4.80 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ 3.75 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ 3.60 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ 3.46 ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ⁇ 2.824 ⁇ ⁇ 0.008 ⁇ 2,769 ⁇ ⁇ 0.008 ⁇ 2.608 ⁇ ⁇ 0.007 ⁇ 2.398 ⁇ ⁇ 0.006 ⁇
• the multimetal cyanide complexes preferably have the above d values as the main values that occur.
• the d values preferably occur.
• the multimetal cyanide complexes according to the invention can be obtained in partially, predominantly or completely crystalline form.
• the invention also relates to a mixture of multimetal cyanide complexes of the general formula (I) with the meanings given above for M 1 , M 2 , L 1 , X, L 2 , a, b, c, d ,. e, f, g, h, i, where at least 20% by weight of the mixture consists of the crystalline complexes described above. It is particularly preferred that at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, especially at least 95% by weight, of the mixture consist of the crystalline complexes listed above. There is preferably only one residue in each mixture, ie X is a formate, acetate or propionate anion.
• M 1 and M 2 can be the same or different. Each can be a mixture of elements or, preferably, an element.
• M 1 is an element from the group consisting of Zn (H), Fe (H), Ni (II), Mn (H) or Co (H), particularly preferably Zn (H).
• M 2 is at least one element from the group consisting of Co (IH), Fe (IH), Mn (m), Rh (m), Ir (m), Co (H), Fe (II), are particularly preferred Co (IH), Fe (m), Rh (lH), Ir (m), Mn (m),
• L 1 is at least one ligand from the group consisting of cyanide, nitrosyl, carbonyl, cyanate, particularly preferably cyanide, nitrosyl
• L 2 is at least one water-miscible ligand from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, ethers, polyethers and esters and mixtures thereof, preferably alcohols, ethers, polyethers and mixtures thereof.
• the complexes particularly preferably have one or more, in particular all, of the following features:
• L 2 tert-butanol - h or i can be zero.
• the multimetal cyanide complexes or mixtures according to the invention can be prepared by reacting cyanometalate hydrogen acids of at least one element M 2 from the group consisting of Fe (H), Fe (_ ⁇ ), Co (KD, Cr (_0), Mn (_Q, Mn (ffl ), Ir (m), Rh (HI), R_ (II),
• Esters include urea derivatives, amides, nitriles and sulfides.
• acids with metal carboxylates can be prepared in the presence of a water-miscible organic and heteroatom-containing ligand.
• metal formates, metal acetates or metal propionates preferably zinc formate, zinc acetate or zinc propionate, can also be obtained from other metal salts.
• Cyanometalate hydrogen acids are compounds that are very easy to handle in aqueous solution.
• Several processes are known for producing cyanometalate hydrogen acids. For example, they can be prepared from the alkali metal cyanometalate via the silver cyanometalate, see W. Klemm et al., Z. Anorg. Gen. Chem. 308, 179 (1961).
• alkali or alkaline earth metal cyanometalates can be converted into cyanometalate hydrogen acid using an acid ion exchanger, see F. Hein, H. Lilie, Z. Anorg. Gen. Chem. 270, 45 (1952), A. Ludi et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 50, 2035 (1967). Further synthesis possibilities are listed in G.
• the proportion of cyanometalate hydrogen acid in the solution should be at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight .
• the proportion of alkali metal cyanometalate should therefore be less than 50% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, particularly preferably less than 10% by weight.
• the formate, acetate or propionate of at least one element M 1 is preferably used in excess of the cyanometalate hydrogen acid.
• Molar ratios of the metal ion to the cyanometalate component are preferred from 1.1 to 7.0, particularly preferably from 1.2 to 5.0, in particular from 1.3 to 3.0.
• the cyanometalate-hydrogen acid solution can be added to the metal salt solution. However, the metal salt solution is preferably added to the cyanometalate-hydrogen acid solution.
• a water-miscible organic component which contains heteroatoms (ligand L 2 ) is added to the resulting suspension.
• the ligand L 2 is preferably added to the resulting suspension after combining the metal salt solution with the cyanometalate hydrogen acid solution, but it can also be added to one or both of the starting material solutions. In this case, it is preferably added to the cyanometalate hydrogen acid solution.
• the multimetal cyanide complexes treated with the ligand L 2 are either filtered off or centrifuged, preferably filtered, after the synthesis.
• the solids obtained in this way are dried under mild conditions, preferably under slightly reduced pressure.
• the double metal cyanide complexes obtained in this way are generally well crystalline.
• the proportion of the crystalline (active) phase described above is preferably at least 20%, particularly preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 90%, especially at least 95%, based on the total weight of the multimetal cyanide complexes.
• Further crystalline or amorphous double metal cyanide-containing phases can be present as further phases.
• the complexes preferably contain no further phases.
• the complexes or mixtures can be used as catalysts or for the preparation of optionally supported catalysts.
• the catalyst comprises the above complexes, optionally on a support. These catalysts can be used in particular for the alkoxylation of compounds which have active hydrogen atoms with alkylene oxides.
• Preferred alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide.
• Active hydrogen atoms are present, for example, in hydroxyl groups or primary and secondary amino groups.
• the catalysts are preferably used in a process for the preparation of polyether polyols by reacting diols or polyols with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof. Due to their high activity, the amount of multimetal cyanide complexes can be kept low.
• the proportion, based on the mass of product to be produced, is preferably less than 0.5% by weight. Fractions of less than 500 ppm, in particular less than 250 ppm, are particularly preferred.
• the diols or polyols can already contain alkylene oxide groups.
• an oligopropylene glycol can be used as the diol, which is obtained by an alkali-catalyzed reaction of dipropylene glycol with propylene oxide.
• Example 1b (acetate) 323 g of eluate from example la are heated to 40 ° C., and a solution of 20.0 g of Zn (H) acetate dihydrate in 70 g of water is added with stirring. 69.1 g of tert-butanol are then added with stirring, and the suspension is stirred at 40 ° C. for a further 30 min. The solid is then filtered off and washed on the filter with 100 ml of tert-butanol. The solid thus treated is dried at room temperature. An X-ray diffractogram was taken of the dried solid (see FIG. 2). The diffractogram shows the pure active phase.
• Example 4a 400 ml of strongly acidic ion exchanger (K2431 from Bayer) are regenerated twice with 180 g of HC1 (37% HCl content) and then washed with water until the process is neutral. A solution of 30 g of K 3 [Co (CN) 6 ] in 130 ml of water is then added to the exchange column. The column is then eluted until the process is neutral again. The Co: K ratio in the eluate obtained was greater than 10: 1. The amount of eluate obtained was 625 g.
• the solid is then filtered off and washed on the filter with 100 ml of tert-butanol.
• the solid thus treated is dried at room temperature.
• An X-ray diffractogram was taken of the dried solid (see FIG. 1). The diffractogram shows the active phases generated.
• the solid is then filtered off and washed on the filter with 100 ml of tert-butanol.
• the solid thus treated is dried at room temperature.
• An X-ray diffractogram was taken of the dried solid (see FIG. 5). The diffractogram shows the active phases generated.
• an oligopropylene glycol is used as the starter, which was obtained by an alkali-catalyzed reaction of dipropylene glycol with propylene oxide at 105 ° C.
• This oligopropylene glycol was freed from the catalyst using a magnesium silicate (OH number: 280 mg KOH / g; unsaturated constituents: 0.003 meq / g, Na, K: less than 1 ppm).
• Example 6 Synthesis of polyether polyol using the catalyst from Example 1
• the polyetherol obtained is not filtered. It has a hydroxyl number of 56.3 mg KOH / g, an unsaturated content of 0.0118 meq / g, a zinc content of 8 ppm and a cobalt content of 3 ppm.
• the polyetherol obtained is not filtered. It has a hydroxyl number of 56.0 mg KOH / g, an unsaturated content of 0.0125 meq / g, a zinc content of 5 ppm and a cobalt content of 3 ppm
• the polyetherol obtained is filtered twice. It has a hydroxyl number of 56.8 mg KOH / g, an unsaturated component content of 0.0121 meq / g, a zinc content of 8 ppm and a cobalt content of 4 ppm.
• 128 g of an oligopropylene glycol are mixed with 0.05 g of the catalyst from Example 4 (corresponding to 250 ppm based on the finished product) in an autoclave under a nitrogen atmosphere. After evacuating the autoclave, 72 g of propylene oxide are metered in at 130 ° C. The start of the reaction is on the after 65 min. onset of a drop in pressure, which after the alkylene oxide metering is initially 8 bar abs. is. After 30 min. constant pressure curve indicated the complete reaction of the propylene oxide.
• Example 10 Synthesis of polyether polyol with the catalyst from Example 5 513 g of the oligopropylene glycol are mixed with 0.25 g of the catalyst from Example 5 (corresponding to 100 ppm based on the finished product) in a stirred autoclave under a nitrogen atmosphere. After evacuating the boiler, 150 g of propylene oxide are metered in at 105 ° C. The start of the reaction is on the after 40 min. onset of a drop in pressure, which initially measured 3.0 bar abs after metering the alkylene oxide. is. After the full A further 1847 g of propylene oxide are reacted at the same temperature so that a pressure of 4.0 bar is not exceeded. After 43 min. the dosing phase is finished, 14 min. after completion of the dosing phase, the reaction is complete, as can be seen from the pressure signal.
• the polyetherol obtained is filtered twice. It has a hydroxyl number of 55.9 mg KOH / g, an unsaturated content of 0.0432 meq / g, a zinc content of 6 ppm and a cobalt content of 3 ppm.

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• 1997
  • 1997-09-29 DE DE19742978A patent/DE19742978A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1998
  • 1998-09-28 KR KR1020007003299A patent/KR100563897B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-09-28 ES ES98954291T patent/ES2181291T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-09-28 JP JP2000513857A patent/JP4471492B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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