WO1999015543A2 - Verfahren zum sequenzieren eines einzelnen dna-moleküls - Google Patents
Verfahren zum sequenzieren eines einzelnen dna-moleküls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999015543A2 WO1999015543A2 PCT/EP1998/005061 EP9805061W WO9915543A2 WO 1999015543 A2 WO1999015543 A2 WO 1999015543A2 EP 9805061 W EP9805061 W EP 9805061W WO 9915543 A2 WO9915543 A2 WO 9915543A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fiber tip
- light
- fiber
- fluorescent
- molecules
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
- C12Q1/6874—Methods for sequencing involving nucleic acid arrays, e.g. sequencing by hybridisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/405—Concentrating samples by adsorption or absorption
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/80—Fluorescent dyes, e.g. rhodamine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/805—Optical property
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for sequencing individual macromolecules, in particular individual DNA and RNA molecules.
- the sequencing of a single DNA strand comprises the following steps: (a) Starting from the DNA molecule to be sequenced, the so-called template, which is present in large numbers, DNA molecules are synthesized as complementary copies, in which at least one part of nucleotide dye molecules are coupled. These DNA molecules are often referred to as labeled DNA. The synthesis takes place with the help of a polymerase. The result is marked double strands or, if necessary, marked single strands after denaturation.
- the carrier is transferred to a detection apparatus;
- the individual, partially labeled nucleotides are gradually degraded by an exonuclease, i.e. cleaved from the DNA strand.
- the cleaved and labeled mononucleotides are detected and identified in the detection apparatus. This can be done with the aid of spectrally or temporally resolved fluorescence spectroscopy or other nucleotide-specific methods, such as, for example, mass spectrometry.
- Step (b) has hitherto been carried out in such a way that microspheres with a diameter between 0.5 and 5 ⁇ m are coated with avidin or streptavidin.
- To the 5'- Biotin is coupled at the end of the DNA strand.
- the coated microspheres are immersed in a solution which contains the biotinylated DNA strands, the DNA strands bind to the microspheres. If the concentration of the DNA strands in the solution is very small, only 0, 1, 2 or more DNA strands bind to the beads in a statistical manner, but on average only between none and one DNA strand.
- An optical tweezer is then used to search for a microsphere which, owing to the bound DNA strand, shows a fluorescence signal. In this way, there is a certain probability of finding a microsphere to which exactly one strand of DNA is bound.
- the DNA strand In order for the fluorescence of the DNA strand bound to the microsphere to be seen despite the Brownian movement of the microsphere, the DNA strand must be irradiated with a high-power excitation light. This can lead to the destruction of those dyes with which the DNA strand is stained. In addition, the dye molecules in a highly labeled DNA strand fluoresce only poorly due to various fluorescence quenching processes. The cleavage and detection of the mononucleotides in step (d) often takes place in flow systems (J. Biomolecular Struc. & Dynamics, Volume 7 (1989) p. 301). The marked and cleaved mononucleotides flow past a detection apparatus by suitably forming a flow system.
- the object of the invention is to improve the method for sequencing a single DNA molecule.
- a method for extracting a single fluorescent material is used for step (b) of single-strand sequencing mentioned at the beginning.
- Cromolecule specified from a fluid which is characterized in that an area of a tip of a fiber having a diameter of at most a few micrometers is coated with molecules, the molecules being selected such that they are made with the material of the fiber tip and the fluorescent macromolecule can enter into a bond; that the coated fiber tip is immersed in the fluid containing the fluorescent macromolecule, the area of the fiber tip being irradiated with light of the excitation wavelength of the fluorescent macromolecule; that the fluorescent light from the surroundings of the fiber tip is detected; and that the fiber tip is removed from the fluid as soon as the detected fluorescent light exceeds a predetermined intensity.
- the concentration of the fluorescent macromolecules in the fluid is chosen such that it only binds to the fiber tip at larger time intervals, the probability that two fluorescent macromolecules bind to the fiber tip at the same time is very small. As a result, if the fluorescent light exceeds a predetermined intensity, the probability is very high that only a single fluorescent macromolecule has bound to the fiber tip.
- the fluorescent macromolecule bound to a fiber tip can be removed from the fluid with the aid of the fiber tip and transported to any other apparatus.
- the specified method for extracting a single fluorescent macromolecule from a fluid is not limited to DNA molecules. In general, it can be used for any fluorescent macromolecule, provided that a bond between the macromolecule and the fiber tip can be mediated. The process can also be used both in gases and in liquids.
- the coating of the fiber tip with molecules is achieved in that the surface of the fiber tip is coated with photobiotin molecules; that a spatially restricted area of the surface of the fiber tip is exposed to light in the wavelength range from approximately 300 to 360 nm in such a way that the photobiotin molecules are bound to the fiber tip in the exposed area; that the unbound photobiotin molecules are then washed off the tip of the fiber become; and that the fiber tip is then brought into contact with a solution containing avidin or streptavidin.
- a coating of the fiber tip with these molecules is appropriate due to the strong bond between biotin and avidin or streptavidin.
- This method represents a particularly elegant way of achieving a coating with avidin or streptavidin in the smallest possible area of the fiber tip.
- the coating of the fiber tip can be achieved by using focused light in an area limited to fractions of a ⁇ m 2 .
- a fiber tip made of glass or PMMA is pretreated in a known manner for coating with photobiotin.
- a dye-labeled double-stranded DNA molecule is extracted from an aqueous solution, intercalation dye molecules having an excitation wavelength in a wavelength range other than the excitation wavelength of the dye molecules are added to the aqueous solution.
- Light of the excitation wavelength of the intercalation dye molecules is coupled into the fiber and directed to the fiber tip in such a way that it has a small depth of penetration into the aqueous solution.
- the intercalation dye molecules are excited to fluoresce by the coupled light.
- the fluorescent light from the vicinity of the fiber tip is detected.
- the fiber tip is removed from the fluid as soon as the detected fluorescent light exceeds a predetermined intensity. It is no longer the double-stranded
- a method for detecting a single fluorescent molecule in a fluid in which a fluid is passed through a microcapillary which has an outlet opening at one end with an internal diameter between approximately 300 and 700 nm and a wall thickness less than one Has a quarter of the excitation wavelength of the fluorescent molecule, the fluorescent molecule emerging at the exit opening; a light beam of the excitation wavelength of the fluorescent molecule is focused on an area immediately at the outlet opening of the microcapillary; the fluorescent light is detected with high collection efficiency; and the passage of the molecule through the focus is assumed as soon as the detected fluorescent light exceeds a predetermined intensity.
- the cleaved nucleotide leaving the capillary through the exit opening generates fluorescent light when it enters the light beam just before, at or just behind the exit opening.
- the stated method for detecting a single fluorescent molecule is in no way limited to DNA molecules, but is applicable to any fluorescent molecules, e.g. for fluorescent or fluorescence-labeled proteins or amino acids. Because the relatively small outlet opening of the extended microcapillary is completely irradiated with light, no molecule can flow past or diffuse past the focus of the light source.
- the wall thickness of the extended microcapillary in the observed area is less than one A quarter of the wavelength, preferably less than an eighth of the wavelength of the light used for excitation. This leads to a strongly weakened reflection of the excitation light. This in turn leads to a significant reduction in the disturbing background signal in the single-molecule detection.
- a further weakening of the reflection can be achieved by comparing the refractive index of the solvent filling the capillary tip and of the surrounding solvent with that of the glass material.
- Charged fluorescent molecules e.g. Labeled DNA molecules, nucleotides, amino acids, peptides, proteins etc. can still be separated electrophoretically before leaving the microcapillary.
- the microcapillary is immersed in a solution that is electrically coupled to an electrode.
- the solution forms an electrical current path to a counter electrode.
- An electrical voltage difference is set between the electrode and the counterelectrode such that the charged, fluorescent molecules move out of the microcapillary through the end.
- the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a method for sequencing a single DNA molecule, in which (a) a multiplicity of essentially identical DNA molecules are synthesized in a solution in which dye molecules are present on at least some of the nucleotides are coupled (labeled nucleotides);
- the fiber tip is inserted into a microcapillary which has an inner diameter between approximately 300 and 700 nm at one end;
- the microcapillary is filled with a solution which brings about successive cleavage of individual nucleotides of the DNA molecule;
- the binding of the DNA molecule to a fiber tip enables it to be easily extracted from the solution.
- the bound DNA molecule can be inserted into a microcapillary at the tip of the fiber. This is designed so that it enables detection and identification of the labeled mononucleotides.
- 1A shows a perspective view of a fiber tip
- 1B is a sectional view of a fiber tip
- FIG. 2A shows a schematic representation of a fiber tip coated with avidin
- FIG. 2B shows a schematic representation of the binding of biotinylated and dye-labeled DNA to the coated fiber tip according to FIG. 2A;
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of an arrangement of a fiber tip with a DNA molecule bound to it in an extended microcapillary; and
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of the arrangement according to the invention.
- the template will be present in relatively large numbers, for example in micromolar concentration in solution. Accordingly, many colored copies of the template are created. For single-strand sequencing, a single colored DNA molecule must be extracted from the solution in the next step.
- a fiber made of glass or PMMA is used, the tip of which has a diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m.
- Such a fiber tip is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
- the aim is to bind only a single colored strand of DNA to the tip of the fiber, biotin being bound at the 5 'end of the colored strand of DNA. It would therefore be desirable to bind avidin or streptavidin, the biotin, in the smallest possible area of the very small fiber tip can bind to itself and thus enable a connection of the DNA strand to the fiber.
- the glass or PMMA fiber is first prepared in a known manner for the binding of photobiotin.
- the fiber is then immersed in a solution containing photobiotin.
- the fiber is irradiated with light of 300 to 360 nm wavelength from a laser beam focused on the smallest possible area of the fiber tip.
- Light with a wavelength between 300 and 360 nm is coupled into this from the end facing away from the tip. It only emerges at the tip of the fiber. Only then is the photobiotin exposed.
- the photobiotin By exposure of the photobiotin to light of the specified wavelengths, a bond is established between the photobiotin and the surface of the glass or PMMA fiber prepared in a known manner. After exposure, the unbound photobiotin is removed from the fiber in a washing step.
- the fiber tip is then immersed in a solution containing avidin or streptavidin.
- Avidin or streptavidin has four binding sites for biotin. It therefore binds to the biotin immobilized on the fiber. Its other three binding sites remain free and can bind to the biotin coupled to the DNA strands.
- 2A shows schematically the fiber tip 1 occupied by avidin molecules 2. The result is a fiber tip to which avidin or streptavidin is bound in a very small range of a few 100 nm in diameter.
- the fiber 1 thus prepared is immersed in the solution 3, which contains the biotinylated and colored DNA strands 4, as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the aim is to connect an individual or the 1
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98946308A EP1017708A2 (de) | 1997-09-25 | 1998-08-10 | Verfahren zum sequenzieren eines einzelnen dna-moleküls |
US09/509,579 US6225068B1 (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1998-08-10 | Process for sequencing an individual DNA molecule |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19742227.6 | 1997-09-25 | ||
DE19742227A DE19742227A1 (de) | 1997-09-25 | 1997-09-25 | Verfahren zum Sequenzieren eines einzelnen DNA-Moleküls |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999015543A2 true WO1999015543A2 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
WO1999015543A3 WO1999015543A3 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
Family
ID=7843525
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1998/005061 WO1999015543A2 (de) | 1997-09-25 | 1998-08-10 | Verfahren zum sequenzieren eines einzelnen dna-moleküls |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6225068B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1017708A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19742227A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999015543A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6365349B1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 2002-04-02 | Qiagen Genomics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for arraying solution onto a solid support |
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BR9814604A (pt) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-10-17 | Qiagen Genomics Inc | "ponteiras em fase sólida e seus usos" |
US6767731B2 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2004-07-27 | Intel Corporation | Electron induced fluorescent method for nucleic acid sequencing |
US6982165B2 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2006-01-03 | Intel Corporation | Nucleic acid sequencing by raman monitoring of molecular deconstruction |
US7238477B2 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2007-07-03 | Intel Corporation | Methods to increase nucleotide signals by Raman scattering |
US6972173B2 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2005-12-06 | Intel Corporation | Methods to increase nucleotide signals by raman scattering |
US6852492B2 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2005-02-08 | Intel Corporation | Nucleic acid sequencing by raman monitoring of uptake of precursors during molecular replication |
DE10162536A1 (de) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-17 | Gnothis Holding Sa Ecublens | Evaneszenz-basierendes Multiplex-Sequenzierungsverfahren |
US20040110208A1 (en) * | 2002-03-26 | 2004-06-10 | Selena Chan | Methods and device for DNA sequencing using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) |
US7476501B2 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2009-01-13 | Intel Corporation | Methods and device for DNA sequencing using surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) |
CN1682237B (zh) * | 2002-09-20 | 2010-05-26 | 英特尔公司 | 用于通过使用编码探针检测生物分子的方法和仪器 |
US7361821B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2008-04-22 | Intel Corporation | Controlled alignment of nanobarcodes encoding specific information for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) reading |
US7606403B2 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2009-10-20 | Intel Corporation | Model-based fusion of scanning probe microscopic images for detection and identification of molecular structures |
US20050147976A1 (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2005-07-07 | Xing Su | Methods for determining nucleotide sequence information |
US20050147979A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Intel Corporation | Nucleic acid sequencing by Raman monitoring of uptake of nucleotides during molecular replication |
US20050147980A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Intel Corporation | Nucleic acid sequencing by Raman monitoring of uptake of nucleotides during molecular replication |
EP1607737A1 (de) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-21 | Patrick Hunziker | Gerät und Methode zur Detektion und Messung von Nukleinsäuresträngen in Lösung |
US20060057585A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Mcallister William H | Nanostepper/sensor systems and methods of use thereof |
US7736818B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2010-06-15 | Inphase Technologies, Inc. | Holographic recording medium and method of making it |
DE102011008788B3 (de) * | 2011-01-14 | 2012-05-03 | Institut Für Photonische Technologien E.V. | Anordnung zur Durchführung einer Einzelprobenanalyse und -manipulation für die Raman-Mikrospektroskopie |
JP6886965B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-11 | 2021-06-16 | ステム アーツ プロジェクツ, エルエルシー | 携帯型核酸抽出器具及びその使用方法 |
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1997
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-
1998
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- 1998-08-10 EP EP98946308A patent/EP1017708A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-08-10 WO PCT/EP1998/005061 patent/WO1999015543A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6365349B1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 2002-04-02 | Qiagen Genomics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for arraying solution onto a solid support |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6225068B1 (en) | 2001-05-01 |
WO1999015543A3 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
EP1017708A2 (de) | 2000-07-12 |
DE19742227A1 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
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