WO1999006805A1 - Dispositif pour detecter des eruptions de matiere coronale solaire - Google Patents

Dispositif pour detecter des eruptions de matiere coronale solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999006805A1
WO1999006805A1 PCT/DE1998/001707 DE9801707W WO9906805A1 WO 1999006805 A1 WO1999006805 A1 WO 1999006805A1 DE 9801707 W DE9801707 W DE 9801707W WO 9906805 A1 WO9906805 A1 WO 9906805A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plasma cloud
detection unit
plasma
sun
detector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1998/001707
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Schmidtke
Eugen Neske
Elmar Wagner
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO1999006805A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999006805A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/7806—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves using gamma or X-rays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/16—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S5/166—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves using gamma or X-rays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting solar coronal mass outbreaks with a sun radiation detection unit which can be aligned with the sun and with which solar coronal mass outbreaks can be detected in the interplanetary space directed towards the earth system.
  • sun detection devices are designed as sun telescopes with radiation detectors connected downstream. With these devices, variations in solar radiation in the spectral composition that occur in the case of solar coronal mass outbreaks are detected and evaluated.
  • solar coronal outbreaks of mass can be directly or indirectly detected through the measurement of terrestrial magnetic field changes, particle flows in the interplanetary space and in the upper atmosphere, through Northern Lights observations and the like.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a device of the type mentioned in such a way that, in connection with solar coronal outbreaks, harmful influences on artificial satellites or terrestrial devices orbiting the earth can be largely avoided by taking appropriate protective measures.
  • a plasma cloud detection unit is provided with which a solid angle range around the orientation of the sun radiation detection unit can be detected, the plasma cloud detection unit being set up to detect plasma clouds moving away from the sun after solar coronal mass outbreaks and that a central unit is provided with which, after detecting at least one plasma cloud, the plasma cloud detection unit can be tracked in such a way that the or each plasma cloud remains recorded, the central unit being able to determine the trajectory of the or each detected plasma cloud and if a collision probability value is exceeded or each plasma cloud can be triggered with the earth system a pre-warming procedure.
  • plasma clouds occurring after solar coronal mass outbreaks and moving from the sun towards the earth can now be detected.
  • the plasma Clouds initiate a pre-warming procedure with the earth, by means of which specific protective measures can be initiated, for example for vulnerable satellites and / or terrestrial facilities.
  • the device according to the invention is expediently stationed on at least one artificial satellite orbiting the earth. It is particularly expedient to station the device according to the invention on at least two artificial satellites with which trajectories of the plasma clouds can be determined particularly precisely in a triangulation method.
  • the plasma cloud detection unit in an expedient development of the device according to the invention, provision is made for the plasma cloud detection unit to be pivotable and tiltable in a solid angle range around the orientation of the solar radiation detection unit.
  • the pivotably and inclinably mounted plasma detection unit is moved periodically, the plasma cloud detection unit being controlled by the central unit upon detection of a plasma cloud, can be aligned with this plasma cloud with a narrowed field of view and the movement of which can be tracked.
  • the trajectory of the plasma cloud can thereby be determined precisely.
  • the solar radiation detection unit and the plasma cloud detection unit are each equipped with a number of detector cells with which scattered radiation of plasma clouds in different spectral ranges and in High-energy particles occurring in connection with plasma clouds are detectable.
  • the detector cells of the plasma cloud detection unit have a mechanism for changing the detector cell visual fields forming the entire field of view of the plasma cloud detection unit.
  • the plasma cloud detection unit can be operated in a mode for rapid detection of the solid angle range with a wide field of view and for the targeted tracking of detected plasma clouds with a narrow field of vision.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of two artificial satellites in orbits around the earth equipped with a device according to the invention and various plasma clouds moving away from the sun
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with a sun radiation detection unit and a plasma cloud detection unit, each of which has a plurality of detector cells,
  • FIG 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a detector cell of the plasma cloud detection unit according to FIG 2 with a wide detector cell field of view
  • FIG. 4 shows the detector cell according to FIG. 3 with a narrowed detector cell field of view
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a fixed plasma cloud detection unit with a matrix detector.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an inner artificial satellite 3 orbiting in an inner orbit 1 around the earth 2 as part of the earth system s and an outer artificial satellite 5 orbiting in an outer orbit 4 around the earth 2, both with a device are equipped according to the invention. 1 also shows the sun 6 and several plasma clouds 7 ejected from the sun 6 and removed from the sun 6 in the case of so-called solar coronal mass ejection (abbreviated CME).
  • CME solar coronal mass ejection
  • the plasma clouds 7 have their own plasma cloud magnetic field and emit scatter radiation from the X-ray range to the ultraviolet spectral range in all spatial directions after various absorption-emission processes, as shown in FIG. 1, by arrows beginning in the plasma clouds 7 and pointing outward. Due to the high-energy particles enclosed in the plasma cloud magnetic field and the plasma cloud magnetic field, the plasma clouds 7 can cause considerable disturbances in the earth system both on artificial satellites orbiting the earth 2 and on sensitive terrestrial see facilities such as electrical power transmission lines and telecommunications systems that can lead to destruction.
  • the satellites 3, 5 are each equipped with a sun radiation detection unit 8 that can be aligned with the sun 6 and a plasma cloud detection unit 9 that can be aligned with at least one plasma cloud 7.
  • the sun radiation detection unit 8 is aligned with the sun 6 in a sun view direction 10
  • the plasma cloud detection unit 9 is in a plasma cloud view direction 12 that is generally tilted by a pan / tilt angle 11 relative to the sun view direction 10 is aligned, wherein the plasma cloud detection unit 9 can be aligned with the sun radiation detection unit 8 at different pan / tilt angles 11.
  • plasma clouds 7 entering a solid angle region around the sun direction 10 can be detected, before they enter the earth's magnetic field 13, for example when the plasma cloud magnetic field and the earth's magnetic field 13 are oriented in opposite directions, in particular charged, generally high-energy particles and the area around the plasma cloud 7, causing indirect disturbances to sensitive, which arise directly or via complex interaction processes with the earth system Components from artificial satellites or terrestrial devices can leave.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with the sun radiation detection unit 8 and the plasma cloud detection unit 9 according to FIG. 1.
  • Both the sun radiation detection unit 8 and the plasma cloud detection unit 9 have a number of detector cells 14 which are in different spectral ranges Transmittive spectral filters 15 are equipped, so that specific spectral components from the sun 6 and plasma clouds 7 such as resonance lines of hydrogen, helium I, helium II, neutral oxygen I, ionized oxygen II or carbon III can be observed.
  • the detector cells 14 of the solar radiation detection unit 8 and the plasma cloud detection unit 9 are each connected to a detector electronics 16 constructed in a conventional manner. Furthermore, the sun radiation detection unit 8 and the plasma cloud detection unit 9 are mechanically and electrically connected to a central unit 17.
  • the plasma cloud detection unit 9 is around the device 10 movable towards the sun 6 sun radiation detection unit 8 such that a hemisphere aligned with the sun 6 in the azimuth and elevation direction is continuously ar to detect scattered radiation from plasma clouds 7.
  • the plasma cloud detection unit 9 according to FIG. 2 is mechanically attached to a pan / tilt element of the central unit 17.
  • detector cells 14 of at least the plasma cloud detection unit 9 are formed with particle detectors, which are shielded in particular from high-energy scatter radiation.
  • array or matrix detectors are provided, with which the entire solid angle range to be detected can be detected. Movement mechanics for the plasma cloud detection unit 9 can thus be dispensed with.
  • the central control unit 17 controls the plasma cloud detection unit 9, which can be aligned with each plasma cloud 7 at relatively short time intervals.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a detector cell 14 of the plasma cloud detection unit 9 according to FIG. 2 for the detection of scatter radiation emerging from plasma clouds 7.
  • the detector cell 14 according to FIG. 3 has a cylindrical protective jacket 18 with which high-energy particles, which can also emerge from plasma clouds 7, can be shielded from the inner volume enclosed by the protective jacket 18.
  • a detector 19 Arranged axially displaceably within the protective jacket 18 is a detector 19 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is designed to detect scattered radiation, for example as a silicon detector or as an avalanche diode.
  • a detector 19 it is expedient to provide metal layers and / or interference filters with downstream secondary electron multipliers such as channeltrons or channel plates.
  • the detector 19 On its radiation-sensitive side, the detector 19 is equipped with a spectral filter 20 with bandpass characteristics, which is highly transmissive for a predetermined spectral range.
  • an adjusting element 21 For the axial displacement of the detector 19 with the spectral filter 20 attached to it, an adjusting element 21 is provided which has a lifting tube 22 attached to the detector 19 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the driven gear 24 is rotatably mounted in a mounting plate 25 attached to one end of the protective casing 18 and is in engagement with a drive gear 26 which engages with one on the other Bracket plate 25 attached drive motor 27 is rotatable. 3, the detector 19 is advanced relatively far in the direction of the end of the protective jacket 18 opposite the mounting plate 25, so that the detector cell 14 has a relatively wide open detector cell field of view 28.
  • the other detector cells 14 are constructed in a corresponding manner, with detector cells 14 for detecting scattered radiation being equipped with spectral filters 20 which are transmissive in different spectral ranges and with detectors 19 adapted to the transmitted spectral range.
  • the detector cells For the detection of particles, the detector cells have 14 particle detectors.
  • FIG. 4 shows the detector cell 14 shown in FIG. 3 with the detector 19 in the withdrawn position.
  • the detector cell field of view 28 is narrowed relative to the advanced position shown in FIG. 3.
  • the plasma cloud detection unit 9 For the preferably periodically repetitive scanning of the solid angle region to be detected with the plasma cloud detection unit 9, it is expedient to widen the field of view of the plasma cloud detection unit 9 composed of the individual detector cell visual fields 28 as much as possible.
  • signals from a plasma cloud 7 are detected by detecting scattered radiation and / or particles by means of at least one detector cell 14, the plasma cloud detection unit 9 is aligned essentially centrally with the detected plasma cloud 7 and each detector Cell field of view 28 is narrowed by withdrawing the detector 19 with iterative correction of the alignment of the plasma cloud detector 9 until the signals are at a maximum.
  • the or each detected plasma cloud 7 can now be examined with regard to its specific size and energetic composition.
  • detector cells 14 are provided with a fixed, wide detector cell field of view 28 for the detection of plasma clouds 7 and detector cells 14 with a fixed, narrow detector cell field of view 28 for the precise tracking of detected plasma clouds and for determining their energy content.
  • detector cells 14 In order to reduce the expenditure on equipment, it is expedient to use detector cells 14 with a wide detector cell field of view 28 only in a selected number of spectral ranges.
  • first prewarning signals are derived when changes in the radiation emitted by the sun 6 in the X-ray range and hard ultraviolet spectral range are detected. These indicate that the sun 6 is active and plasma clouds 7 may have been generated.
  • second prewarning signals are output in a second prewarning stage. If the device according to the invention detects plasma clouds 7 with an energy content above a predetermined threshold value with a probability value lying above a predetermined collision probability value on a collision course with the earth 2, third warning signals are generated in a third stage, with which protective measures for artificial satellites or terrestrial ones are generated Facilities can be initiated.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a fixed plasma cloud detection unit 29 according to a further embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • the plasma cloud detection unit 29 according to FIG. 5 is designed in principle as a pinhole camera, which has a camera housing 30 with a radiation entry recess 31, which can be oriented toward the sun 6 and is preferably rounded.
  • a matrix detector 32 with a number of flatly arranged individual detector elements is preferably arranged centrally within the camera housing 30 in relation to the radiation entry recess 31.
  • a radiation cover plate 33 is placed in the center of the matrix detector 32, with which a partial surface of the matrix detector 32 can be shielded against incident radiation. Around the radiation cover plate 33, the radiation-sensitive area of the matrix detector 32 is covered with a spectral filter 34.
  • the radiation entrance recess 31 and the radiation cover plate 33 cause an obstruction.
  • screen cone 35 is formed, within which the radiation incident from the sun 6 is hidden.
  • the matrix detector 32 can thus only be acted upon, for example, by scattered radiation from detected plasma clouds 7 in a detection cone 36 surrounding the shielding cone 35.
  • FIG. 5 has the advantage that no moving parts are used, so that the structure is very reliable due to its simplicity.
  • imaging telescope optics are provided, in particular in the ultraviolet spectral range, highly reflective mirror optics.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour détecter des éruptions de matière coronale solaire, comportant une unité de détection de rayonnement solaire (8) pouvant être dirigée sur le soleil. Ce dispositif comprend en outre une unité de détection de nuages de plasma (9) permettant de déterminer une zone angulaire spatiale autour du pointage de l'unité de détection de rayonnement solaire (8). L'unité de détection de nuages de plasma (9) sert à détecter des nuages de plasma s'éloignant du soleil (6) consécutivement à des éruptions de matière coronale solaire. Il est en outre prévu une unité centrale (17) permettant, après la détection d'au moins un nuage de plasma, d'orienter l'unité de détection de nuages de plasma (9) de sorte qu'il soit possible de continuer à détecter le nuage ou chacun des nuages de plasma et de déterminer la trajectoire du nuage ou de chacun des nuages de plasma. Lors du dépassement d'une valeur de probabilité de collision du nuage ou de chacun des nuages de plasma avec la terre, une procédure d'alerte peut être déclenchée. De façon appropriée, le dispositif est placé sur au moins un satellite en orbite autour de la terre. Ledit dispositif permet de détecter des nuages de plasma avant même qu'ils risquent d'exercer une influence néfaste sur des satellites en orbite autour de la terre ou sur des systèmes sensibles aux rayonnements, installés sur la terre.
PCT/DE1998/001707 1997-07-31 1998-06-16 Dispositif pour detecter des eruptions de matiere coronale solaire WO1999006805A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19733188.2 1997-07-31
DE1997133188 DE19733188C1 (de) 1997-07-31 1997-07-31 Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von solaren koronalen Massenausbrüchen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999006805A1 true WO1999006805A1 (fr) 1999-02-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1998/001707 WO1999006805A1 (fr) 1997-07-31 1998-06-16 Dispositif pour detecter des eruptions de matiere coronale solaire

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WO (1) WO1999006805A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011013975B4 (de) * 2011-03-15 2015-07-16 Black Photon Instruments GmbH Optoelektronischer Sensor und dessen Verwendung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2531671A1 (de) * 1975-07-16 1977-01-20 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Teleskop mit variablem gesichtsfeld
WO1991015739A1 (fr) * 1990-04-09 1991-10-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Systeme de detection utilise dans un avion

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2531671A1 (de) * 1975-07-16 1977-01-20 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Teleskop mit variablem gesichtsfeld
WO1991015739A1 (fr) * 1990-04-09 1991-10-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Systeme de detection utilise dans un avion

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SOICHER H: "AGARD conference proceedings no.238. Operational modelling of the aerospace propagation environment", AGARD CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS NO.238. OPERATIONAL MODELLING OF THE AEROSPACE PROPAGATION ENVIRONMENT, OTTAWA, ONT., CANADA, 24-28 APRIL 1978, 1978, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, AGARD, France, XP002086979 *

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