WO1998050252A1

WO1998050252A1 - Vehicle and device for container transport

Info

Publication number: WO1998050252A1
Application number: PCT/EP1998/002682
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert Haid; Peter Johannsen; Joachim Köhler
Original assignee: Maschinenbau Kirow Leipzig Rail & Port Ag
Priority date: 1997-05-07
Filing date: 1998-05-07
Publication date: 1998-11-12
Also published as: DE19721121A1; DE19721121C2

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for picking up, lifting and depositing a container. This device has a U-shaped frame for grasping the side walls of the container, as well as a cross-side and a shaft. This shaft is fixed to the base of the U-shaped frame and can be coupled to a vehicle by its open end. The space between the arms of the frame can be adjusted by an expander. Both arms are equipped with devices for lifting the container. These lifting devices are scissor-shaped (9), having upper and lower longitudinal beams (10, 11) which correspond approximately to the length of the container that is to be transported (22, 22a) and are parallel to the arms (8). The lifting devices are fitted with stopping devices (24, 26) for grasping the upper side of the container. The expander comprises round guides (25) connecting the upper longitudinal beams at the front and back, as well as a four bar linkage (6, 15, 16, 20) for connecting the arms (8) to a crosshead (15) of the frame (3). The invention also relates to a vehicle for container transport having a driving unit (1), a single-axle running gear (4), and a driver's cab (23). The above described device is coupled to this vehicle.

Description

Vehicle and device for container transport

description

The invention relates to a device for picking up, lifting and depositing a container, as well as a vehicle for container transport with such a device and a drive head with a uniaxial wheel chassis and driver's cabin.

From DE-A-44 03 350 a slag transporter with a power car and a vehicle frame connected to it in U-frame construction with two legs, which have wheel trolleys, and a cross head coupling the legs is known. The power car and the U-shaped frame can only be operated together because only the legs and the power car each have a wheel undercarriage. The power car has a driver's cab and can be swiveled in relative to the U-shaped frame, the frame being guided by correspondingly adjustable circular guides.

From WO 94/26554 a device for picking up and lifting a container parked on the ground by means of a trailer vehicle is known. The trailer vehicle has a horizontal U-shaped frame for gripping the container on its two longitudinal sides and a transverse side and a drawbar which is attached to the base of the U-shaped frame and can be coupled with its free end to a shunting vehicle. Both legs of the U-shaped frame have front and rear, respectively

Lifting devices for lifting the container, which can be latched into the container corners on the floor. In contrast to the above-mentioned slag transporter, the trailer has several wheel trolleys, so that it can be parked independently and coupled to any shunting vehicle. The legs of the frame can be adjusted in length to the length of the container by telescopic adjustment. Likewise, the width of the drawbar or the base of the U-frame can be adjusted to the width of the container by telescopic adjustment and set to a narrow "driving position road" for the empty transport of the devices, in order to avoid excess widths for cross-country travel. A similar device is known from DE-U 295 16 419, in which, in addition to the U-shaped frame, an upper closed square frame is arranged on the legs, the struts of which can be adjusted vertically and horizontally by corresponding hydraulic cylinders in order to be different large containers to be adapted. This trailer can also be parked separately by feet attached to the vertical supports of the square frame when the shunting vehicle is not coupled.

A disadvantage of both trailers for container handling is the hydraulic telescopic adjustment of the legs and the lifting device. The entire construction is accordingly "soft", since the horizontal and vertical guidance of the parts to be adjusted is in principle only carried out via the cylinders, the synchronous control of which is also complex.

The widening of the inside leg dimension of the trailer from the "driving position road" to the "driving position for container receptacle" occurs against the frictional resistance of the wheel chassis to be pulled transversely to the ground or the constructively different wheel chassis must be rotated so that only a rolling resistance arises. For the square frame, the hydraulic one

Adjustment is very complex. The container can only be lifted by manual intervention, namely by lifting the lifting device into the container corners on the floor. Swiveling wheel trolleys are complicated and expensive. Stacking two containers on top of one another with these devices is neither disclosed nor possible.

A trailer for the transport of containers is known from US Pat. No. 4,120,413, the U-shaped frame of which has legs which can be adjusted parallel to one another and the crosshead in the middle part connected by two

Swing is formed, which tend to push the legs apart when reversing. When driving forward, the wings pull the legs together due to the centric pulling force. The respective Leg position must be secured manually using coupling rods. Due to its design, the device can hardly be automated, is somewhat unstable due to the swinging action and is not suitable for stacking containers.

DE-B-19 04 830 shows the in an agricultural vehicle

Use of scissor lifting devices, arranged on the legs of a fork-shaped frame. The scissors can be moved in order to reach under the upper edge of a trough-like container and lift it, tilt it by means of a latchable lock, or stack containers into one another. A spreading of the legs for variable container sizes or

The possibility of depositing the container on the frame during horizontal travel is not disclosed.

The invention is therefore based on the problem of proposing a corresponding vehicle and a container receiving device for improved handling of containers, in particular of internationally standardized, rectangular, stackable containers.

The problem is solved according to the invention by claims 1 and 10. Advantageous further developments of the invention are covered in the subclaims.

The invention is based on the idea of proposing an automatable switching device which, unlike devices according to the prior art, can also cope with unfavorable ground conditions on construction sites or can be used without problems for military use. In addition, the device should be able to stack two containers on top of one another, automatically pick up a container from the ground and bring it into the driving position, and have a small turning circle and small width for road travel in order to be able to make the tightest possible turns. A main focus is the robust one

Function and adjustability of the device in width and height.

This is achieved by the well-known U-shaped frame for the Picking up a container between this U-shaped frame is designed with a lifting device in the manner of a scissor lift platform, with longitudinal beams arranged at the top and bottom of the cruciform scissor levers, which are provided for the actual container guidance. The scissors perform the lifting movement with the help of, for example, a chain drive or one

Cylinder or the like, which can be arranged lying on the legs, or can be formed, for example, a combination of hydraulic cylinder and chain drive. In addition, the side members are also provided with locking devices that allow the container to get caught on the top, e.g. in the usual container corners with the lifting eyes. This makes it possible to grip containers standing in the mud without first clearing the bottom-side stop corners of the container, as is required in the case of lifting devices according to the prior art. The two scissor elements arranged on the legs are horizontally transverse to each other by circular guides, e.g. Tubes connected with rods running in them to guarantee parallel spreading of the scissor side members. Alternatively, the circular guides can also be designed as active components in the manner of the adjusting device described below - known per se.

As in the prior art, the U-shaped legs of the device can assume a closed position "driving position road" and an open position "driving position container", which differ from one another in the spreading width of the legs.

In contrast to the prior art, in the present invention the crosshead serving as a drawbar is connected to the legs by a four-bar linkage, preferably in the manner of a well-controllable parallelogram linkage. In addition to this four-bar linkage, there is one between the drawbar, i.e. its crosshead, and the legs

Relative pivoting movement by, for example, 80 ° to 170 °, preferably 88 ° -155 °, enabling adjustment device is provided, for example a hydraulic cylinder or a pinion-rack-and-pinion gear or a ball screw element or similar semi-mechanical systems for longitudinal adjustment. Due to the balance of power and simple construction, however, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders are suitable.

Such a U-shaped device is equipped with at least one wheel undercarriage on each leg, and a further pair of wheel axles is then to be assigned to a power car, so that at least four wheels of the entire vehicle ensure stability. If the container loads are very high, two wheel trolleys per leg can of course also be used on the device.

The peculiarity of the articulation of the crosshead to the legs is that the spreading from the "driving position road" to the "driving position container" or vice versa does not have to be done against the frictional forces between the wheel undercarriage and the ground, but rather allows spreading during the reverse travel of this device, by first adjusting this in

Active function is set so that when the vehicle moves backwards, the U-frame opens increasingly until it has reached its maximum spread at a stop. The spread is initiated by releasing a lock; this locking is required in the driving position so that the width of the U-frame cannot change arbitrarily at high driving speeds. Experiments have shown that with a backward travel of a few meters, a full spreading of the legs occurs almost automatically due to the frictional forces between the chassis and the ground. In difficult conditions, e.g. The mud floor with low static friction to the wheels can support the active circular tours.

A U-frame that is spread in this way is towed around the container until the container hits a corresponding stop on the U-frame. This is then the position in which the container is locked with the upper side members of the scissor lift in order to then be lifted.

The lifting height depends exclusively on the length of the two scissors and is ideally chosen so that both a container can be picked up from the floor and two containers of the desired one Maximum height are stackable. Due to the spreading of the legs, the truck can drive the U-frame around a container standing on the ground in the maximum lifting position and then automatically places the container to be placed on top of the existing container.

For road travel with the container is also provided that after lifting the container with the scissor hoist, below the legs at all container corners arranged supports are folded in under the container, so that the hoist is not in during road travel

Function is, but the container can be placed on these foldable and lockable supports.

The vehicle and the device according to the invention are fully automatable and both e.g. For military or construction purposes, it is suitable for use in the field as well as on the road and the handling of the container can essentially be done by the driver of the vehicle without leaving his driver's cab.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments. FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention with a driving head in the driving position for the container receptacle in a side view, FIG. 2a, b, a top view of the entire vehicle according to FIG. 1 but with different spreading of the U-frame,

Figure 3 is a plan view similar to Figure 2a with the U-shaped frame

Driving head, FIG. 4 shows a position of the device according to FIG. 3, but with the scissor lifting mechanism shown, FIG. 5 shows the working position of the vehicle for stacking containers,

FIG. 6 the driving position of the entire vehicle with container,

FIG. 7 shows the vehicle according to FIG. 3, but when cornering,

FIG. 8 an independent wheel suspension of the device, Figure 9 shows a section through an independent wheel suspension.

In the following, identical or equivalent-acting components have identical reference numbers.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a complete vehicle for container transport with the main components power head 1, U-frame with running gear 3 and scissor lifting mechanism 9, the scissor lifting mechanism being shown in the folded position, with an opening width of the scissors corresponding to the container receiving position. The decisive factor here is the height of the upper one

Side member 10 relative to the height of the lower side member 11 or the leg 8 of the U-frame.

The power car essentially comprises a drive 2, a driver's cab 23, a uniaxial chassis 4 and the drawbar part 5 for coupling the U-shaped container receiving device 3. For cornering, the drawbar 5 with the crosshead 15 of the U-shaped frame 3 and a telescopic connected as a fluid cylinder handlebar 21 (Fig. 2 a). The receptacle for the container consists of a crosshead 15, the two legs 8 and the chassis 7 arranged under the legs 8, which is made of a resilient suspension 14

Brake nick compensation on the legs 8 is held.

On the legs 8, the scissor lifting mechanism 9 is shown with its lower longitudinal beam 11, the cross-arm pivoting scissor bars 12 and the upper longitudinal beam 10, the crossing beams 12 in

Roller bearings 13 are guided in the carriers 10 and 11, respectively.

Figure 2 is divided into two parts, an upper figure 2a and a lower figure 2a. The top view shows the motor head 1 in partial section through the chassis 4 with attached container receiving device, the chassis of which is also in the

Partial section can be seen. It is both in Figure 2 a and 2 b

Scissor hoist omitted for reasons of clarity.

Figure 2 a shows the spread position of the U-shaped frame here as "Driving position for container pickup" denotes, ie a position immediately before picking up a container, while FIG. As a result, the U-frame 3 becomes longer by the dimension L, since the four-bar linkage has become part of the leg 8. The

Spread the legs from the position according to FIG. 2 b - in which the crosshead is connected to a four-bar linkage 6, 15, 16, 20 arranged at an angle of approximately 88-90 degrees - into the position according to FIG. 2 a - in which the crosshead is connected to the four-bar linkage 6, 15, 16, 20, which is arranged at an angle of approximately 130-140 degrees - is done by applying pressure to a hydraulic cylinder or an adjusting device 17 at the beginning of a backward travel of the entire vehicle, so that the distance of the articulation point the adjusting device on the crosshead 15 is enlarged relative to the flange 20 or the articulation point on the leg 8 for the adjusting device 17. Here it comes

Parallelogram linkage with the levers 6 and 16 between the steering points 18 and 19 is used, which ensures, at least after spreading, a parallel guidance of the legs 8 during or after the opening process when reversing. There are also other pressure or tension elements can be used that spread the legs due to adjustment of the

Obtain a parallelogram linkage. The maximum spread of the legs is limited by an angular position of the four-bar linkage to the crosshead of about 170 degrees.

Figure 3 shows analogous to Figure 2a the complete device in the working position for the

Container pickup after spread legs 8. The container 22 is between the legs.

FIG. 4 shows, analogously to FIG. 3, only the U-shaped container receiving device 3 in the working position for container receiving. The container 22 has

Stop corners 27 on. These stop corners 27 can be connected by locking means 24 with locking bolts 26, so that the container hangs securely on the side members 10 of the scissor lifting device. The two Side members 10 are spread in parallel by guides 25 and are held in this position by locking the cylindrical parts 25 designed as circular guides in the position shown. In the same way, the levers of the parallelogram linkage 6 or 16 can be fixed by a bolt, not shown.

FIG. 5 shows the vehicle with the container 22 standing on the ground in the receiving position of the container and at the same time in the upper position, the stacking of a second container 22a on a first container 22. After the scissor lift, as shown in FIG To accommodate the lower container 22 with a device according to FIG. 4, the container can be raised, as shown in the example of the container 22 in FIG. 6. For this purpose, the two scissors, that is, the crosswise scissor bars 12, which are pivotally coupled to one another in joint 28, are moved apart so far that the position shown in FIG. 6 and finally that of the container 22 a is reached. The rollers 13 of the scissor lifting mechanism are held in position on the front of the frame, while on the rear side the rollers 13 roll in the direction indicated by the arrow in the upper support 10 and thus allow the scissor bars 12 to be spread further.

Figure 6 shows the driving position of the device with the container. The container is raised in the driving position so that the container 22 has sufficient ground clearance. For transport on the road, the container supports 29 have been folded under the container, so that the scissor lift or the

Side members 10 can be relieved while driving.

Figure 7 shows the vehicle analogous to Figure 2 b when driving on the road in the folded state of the U-frame 3. This was achieved in that the adjusting device 17 was placed in its narrowest position, whereby the

Parallelogram linkage, shown here by levers 6 and 16 in parallel position in the direction of travel. The drive head 1 for transporting the U-shaped frame 3 is hammered in as far as possible, what by Retraction of the guide or fluid cylinder 21 on the drawbar 5 is possible, the guide being essentially passive if the wheels of the undercarriage 4 are steerable. In the case of non-steerable undercarriage 4, the guides are designed, for example, as hydraulic cylinders 21 and the steering of the subsequent device is essentially carried out by correspondingly controlling the

Hydraulic cylinder. It can be seen that the road width in the realized vehicle is only about 4.6 meters, with a turning circle of about 21 meters, if the device 3 is designed for 60-foot containers.

Figure 8 shows the independent wheel suspension 14 on the leg 8 of the U-shaped

Container transporters. The wheel axle is suspended on a rocker arm 31, 32, shown here as a chassis part 7, so that the wheel can swing in the direction of the arrow, the limitation in the direction of the leg 8 being effected by the spring cylinder 30. This also gives you a brake-nick balance.

FIG. 9 finally shows a plan view in section through the suspension according to FIG. 8.

In context, this works as one possible

Device described in the exemplary embodiment as follows:

When driving on the road (FIG. 2 b), the legs of the container transporter 3 are positioned by the parallel links 6, 16 and then locked. In addition, the scissor hoist, not shown, is connected to the container transporter 3 by four bolts. The coupled circular guides 25 of the longitudinal beams 10, 11 thus kept at a distance provide additional rigidity due to the frame effect of the overall system in combination with the legs 8 of the device 3. After the lifting position and the parallelogram linkage have first been released from the driving position, one can be released parallel widening of the

Leg of the container device 3 happen by reversing. For this purpose, the adjusting device 17 is acted upon while reversing and the parallelogram guide spreads the legs 8 until the transporter Has reached position according to Figure 2 a. Then the rods and the circular guides are locked relative to each other again, so that the vehicle is ready for receiving the container in the working state. From the driver's cab 23, the driver can drive the entire vehicle with the driving head 1 and container transporter 3 backwards to the container in this working state and in doing so raises the lifting mechanism to the position shown in FIG. 1, the receiving height for the container.

The vehicle is positioned backwards until the container hits a stop. Then, as shown in Figure 4, the container corners 27 by the detents 24 in combination with the

Bolts 26 lashed before the container is raised by spreading the scissor bars 12.

The container can be locked automatically by the driver using appropriate actuating cylinders on the locks. A possible inclination of the hoist relative to the container can be

Correct the adjustment of the spring cylinder 30 within certain limits, since the entire vehicle is only guided through the front undercarriage 4 of the driving head and the rear undercarriage 7 of the trailer 3. A parallel position of the side members or legs to the container edges is possible. Now the container can be lifted and then the container supports

29 (Figure 6) folded and locked and the container placed on it. The loaded vehicle is ready to drive.

Claims

claims

1. Device for receiving, lifting and depositing a container with a U-shaped frame for gripping the container on its long sides and a transverse side and a drawbar, which is at the bottom of the

U-shaped frame is attached and can be coupled to a vehicle at its free end, the distance between the legs being adjustable by a spreading device and lifting devices for the container being provided on both legs of the frame, characterized in that the lifting devices are in the manner of a

Scissors (9) are designed with upper and lower longitudinal members (10, 11) which correspond approximately to the length of the containers (22, 22a) to be transported and are parallel to the legs (8) and which have locking devices suitable for gripping the container on its upper side (24, 26) and the spreading device the upper

Round rails (25) connecting the longitudinal members at the front and rear and a four-bar linkage (6, 15, 16, 20) as a connection of the legs (8) to a crosshead (15) of the frame (3).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that foldable supports (29) for the container (22, 22a) are arranged under both legs at the front and rear.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drawbar (5) or the U-shaped frame (3) has a central crosshead

(15).

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the four-bar linkage is designed as a parallelogram.

Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that by means of adjusting device (17) the four-bar linkage for aligning the legs relative to the crosshead at an angle of approximately 80 ° to Is pivotable 170 °.

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device is designed as a fluid cylinder or i partially mechanical longitudinal adjusting device.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower longitudinal member can be bolted to the legs.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the four-bar linkage and / or the circular guides are lockable.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each leg has a wheel undercarriage (7).

10. Vehicle for container transport, comprising a power car (1) with a uniaxial wheel undercarriage (4) and driver's cabin (23), which is pivotally coupled via fluid cylinders to a device according to one of the preceding claims.

11. Device for the transport of containers, characterized by individual or all new features or a combination of the disclosed features.

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