WO1998050139A1 - Surfactant mixture - Google Patents

Surfactant mixture Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998050139A1
WO1998050139A1 PCT/GB1997/001223 GB9701223W WO9850139A1 WO 1998050139 A1 WO1998050139 A1 WO 1998050139A1 GB 9701223 W GB9701223 W GB 9701223W WO 9850139 A1 WO9850139 A1 WO 9850139A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parts
oil
water
composition according
component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/001223
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pauline William Zard
David James Barclay-Miller
David William Martin
Original Assignee
The Burwood Corporation Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Burwood Corporation Limited filed Critical The Burwood Corporation Limited
Priority to AT97920831T priority Critical patent/ATE387953T1/de
Priority to EP97920831A priority patent/EP0984827B1/de
Priority to JP54779798A priority patent/JP2001523293A/ja
Priority to PCT/GB1997/001223 priority patent/WO1998050139A1/en
Priority to AU27062/97A priority patent/AU741967B2/en
Priority to DE69738549T priority patent/DE69738549T2/de
Priority to CA002288130A priority patent/CA2288130C/en
Priority to GB9923909A priority patent/GB2340418C/en
Publication of WO1998050139A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998050139A1/en
Priority to US09/435,125 priority patent/US20020032130A1/en
Priority to US10/327,771 priority patent/US6716801B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/28—Polyoxyalkylenes of alkylene oxides containing 2 carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a surfactant mixture for use in preparing industrial lubricants e.g. hydraulic or machine tool cutting oils comprising clear homogenous microemulsions.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome the above mentioned problems by providing a surfactant composition which allows the formulation of oil - water mixtures which are microemulsions of water in oil and are true solutions or behave as such.
  • solution herein describes any mixtures which are clear and homogenous.
  • behave as such means that the mixture has substantially the same stability as a solution.
  • the present invention accordingly provides a composition for use in combining oil and water as a stable solution (emulsion, preferably a microemulsion) which composition comprises (a) a fatty acid amine ethoxylate (b) a C 6 -C 15 alcohol ethoxylate and optionally (c) a tall oil fatty acid amine.
  • compositions are combined together in quantities that allow the formation of microemulsions on addition to the appropriate oil and water mixture.
  • composition may comprise additional components. These have been found to include sorbitan esters, mono and di - glycerides of fatty acids, polymeric emulsifiers containing fatty acid side groups, polyimides and substituted polyimides such as poly isobutenylsuccimide. Other surfactant types will be apparent to those versed in the art.
  • Preferred components of the surfactant composition are all readily available commercially.
  • the parts by volume in each case being relative to the total volume of the composition.
  • the composition of the present invention comprises the tall oil fatty acid amine.
  • This component may be used to impart (further) stability to the composition of the present invention.
  • the minimum quantity of the surfactant composition required is dependant upon the water content of the desired microemulsion and the base oil type being used. For example, 80 parts of a naphthenic base oil (Shell, solvent pale 60) was emulsified with 20 parts of water such that a microemulsion was obtained. This was achieved with the addition of 20 parts of the surfactant composition. Using a different base oil, based upon a paraffinic type (Shell, 130 solvent neutral), with the same quantities of water and oil required 30 parts of the surfactant composition to form a microemulsion.
  • a naphthenic base oil Shell, solvent pale 60
  • the surfactant is added to the oil water mixture with gentle mixing until a clear homogenous microemulsion is obtained.
  • microemulsions will have many applications in the industrial lubricants market. It may be necessary for certain applications to incorporate other additives i.e. to give extreme pressure protection for higher temperature applications. These applications and additional additives will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • composition suitable for combining 70 parts of a paraffinic type base oil (Shell 130 solvent neutral) with 30 parts of water was prepared by adding the following components in the quantities stated:
  • Example 2 The components were gently mixed to form a homogenous solution.
  • Example 2 The components were gently mixed to form a homogenous solution.
  • Example 1 30 ml of water was added to 70 m of Shell 130 solvent neutral in a clear glass container.
  • the surfactant composition of Example 1 was introduced to the oil and water from a burette. After each addition of surfactant the resulting solution was mixed. This continued until a clear homogenous solution was observed. The resulting solution remains stable for more than one year.
  • Example 1 20 ml of water was added to 80 ml of Shell solvent neutral in a clear glass container.
  • the surfactant solution of Example 1 was introduced into the oil and water as in Example 2. The resulting solution remains stable for more than one year.
  • Example 2 The solution obtained in Example 2 was used to determine its corrosive properties on mild steel. This was done by placing a piece of mild steel in the solution and observing the formation of rust. No corrosion has been observed after 6 months.
  • composition of the present invention is effective in preventing such growth.
  • Any growth of this algae was to be monitored by any colour change of the solution as the algae produce a green growth in macroemulsions. No micro-organism growth was observed after 6 months. It is believed that the compositions of the present invention prevents any micro-organism growth because the water droplets in the solution containing the surfactant composition are smaller than the micro-organisms and so there is insufficient oxygen for the algae to grow.
  • Microemulsions have been prepared in the following base oil types i) paraffinic ii) naphthenic iii) linear alpha olefins iv) ester type base fluids
  • a microemulsion using linear alpha olefin was prepared as in Example 2 using 35 parts of the surfactant composition. This was then tested using the lubricant industry standard IP287 to determine the potential of the solution to promote corrosion. No corrosion has been observed using this or indeed any other prepared solution.
  • Example 8 The solution from Example 8 was doped with a heavily contaminated soluble oil. The resulting solution was then tested using an agar dipslide to monitor bacterial growth within the solution. No culture or bacterial growth was observed after 168 hours at 35°C. It is generally recognised that bacteria will be observed on the culture medium after 72 hours when held at 35°C.
  • a hydraulic oil was prepared using the microemulsion from example 2 with an anti- wear additive based on sulphur. This was added at a rate of 5 % v/v. A further hydraulic oil was prepared using the same base oil and sulphur additive. Both oils were then tested for their anti-wear properties using the Reichert testing apparatus. The microemulsion showed a reduced weight loss compared to the standard oil of 10 % .
  • a gear oil has been prepared using a commercially available oil (Mobil Glygoyle HE460) and the composition of Example 1.
  • the resulting oil has shown improved coolancy with no loss in lubricity using standard anti-wear tests i.e. four ball tests.
  • a grinding oil was prepared using a linear alpha olefin base oil with the composition of Example 1. This was tested against a standard grinding oil and was shown to be of superior cooling ability with no loss in lubricity.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
PCT/GB1997/001223 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Surfactant mixture WO1998050139A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT97920831T ATE387953T1 (de) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Mikroemulsionen
EP97920831A EP0984827B1 (de) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Mikroemulsionen
JP54779798A JP2001523293A (ja) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 界面活性剤混合物
PCT/GB1997/001223 WO1998050139A1 (en) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Surfactant mixture
AU27062/97A AU741967B2 (en) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Surfactant mixture
DE69738549T DE69738549T2 (de) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Mikroemulsionen
CA002288130A CA2288130C (en) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Water-in-oil microemulsions and their preparation
GB9923909A GB2340418C (en) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Water-in-oil microemulsions
US09/435,125 US20020032130A1 (en) 1997-05-02 1999-10-21 Surfactant mixture
US10/327,771 US6716801B2 (en) 1997-05-02 2002-12-23 Compositions and method for their preparation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB1997/001223 WO1998050139A1 (en) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Surfactant mixture

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/435,125 Continuation US20020032130A1 (en) 1997-05-02 1999-10-21 Surfactant mixture

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998050139A1 true WO1998050139A1 (en) 1998-11-12

Family

ID=10806367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1997/001223 WO1998050139A1 (en) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Surfactant mixture

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20020032130A1 (de)
EP (1) EP0984827B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2001523293A (de)
AT (1) ATE387953T1 (de)
AU (1) AU741967B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2288130C (de)
DE (1) DE69738549T2 (de)
GB (1) GB2340418C (de)
WO (1) WO1998050139A1 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000053699A1 (en) * 1999-03-06 2000-09-14 The Burwood Corporation Limited Compositions for preparing water-in-oil microemulsions
KR20020088732A (ko) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-29 남광식 절삭유 희석액과 그 희석방법 및 절삭유 보충방법
US6716801B2 (en) * 1997-05-02 2004-04-06 Pauline Abu-Jawdeh Compositions and method for their preparation
GB2434372A (en) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-25 Palox Offshore S A L Water-in-oil microemulsions
GB2463030A (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-03 Formatex Method of determining particulate solids contamination in a liquid hydrocarbon
WO2011015844A1 (en) 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Palox Offshore S.A.L. Composition for preparing an emulsion
WO2011045334A1 (en) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Palox Offshore S.A.L. Protection of liquid fuels
WO2011095825A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Palox Limited Protection of liquid fuels
US9493709B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2016-11-15 Fuelina Technologies, Llc Hybrid fuel and method of making the same
WO2017182160A1 (de) 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 FAUDI Aviation GmbH Kraftstoffadditivierungsvorrichtung, verfahren zur additivierung eines kraftstoffs und verwendung von diesen
US10308885B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2019-06-04 Drexel University Direct incorporation of natural gas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5204414B2 (ja) * 2007-02-27 2013-06-05 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 極微小水滴を含有する油剤を用いた切削・研削加工方法
SE544637C2 (en) * 2020-06-09 2022-10-04 Biobase Sweden Ab Microemulsions and their uses

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB831046A (en) * 1956-02-02 1960-03-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co An emulsifiable rust preventive concentrate
GB1075196A (en) * 1965-04-07 1967-07-12 Shell Int Research Improvements in or relating to emulsifiable lubricating oil compositions
US4832868A (en) * 1986-03-05 1989-05-23 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Liquid surfactant mixtures

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB831046A (en) * 1956-02-02 1960-03-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co An emulsifiable rust preventive concentrate
GB1075196A (en) * 1965-04-07 1967-07-12 Shell Int Research Improvements in or relating to emulsifiable lubricating oil compositions
US4832868A (en) * 1986-03-05 1989-05-23 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Liquid surfactant mixtures

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6716801B2 (en) * 1997-05-02 2004-04-06 Pauline Abu-Jawdeh Compositions and method for their preparation
WO2000053699A1 (en) * 1999-03-06 2000-09-14 The Burwood Corporation Limited Compositions for preparing water-in-oil microemulsions
GB2364713A (en) * 1999-03-06 2002-02-06 Abu Jawdeh Pauline Compositions for preparing water-in-oil microemulsions
GB2364713B (en) * 1999-03-06 2003-08-27 Pauline Abu-Jawdeh Compositions for preparing water-in-fuel microemulsions
KR20020088732A (ko) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-29 남광식 절삭유 희석액과 그 희석방법 및 절삭유 보충방법
US8247359B2 (en) 2006-01-20 2012-08-21 Palox Limited Water-in-oil emulsions, methods and uses of emulsifying agents
EP2343353A2 (de) 2006-01-20 2011-07-13 Palox Limited Verwendung von Emulgatoren in nichtwässrigen Brennstoffen und Ölen
GB2434372A (en) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-25 Palox Offshore S A L Water-in-oil microemulsions
US8361170B2 (en) * 2006-01-20 2013-01-29 Palox Limited Uses of emulsifying agents
GB2463030A (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-03 Formatex Method of determining particulate solids contamination in a liquid hydrocarbon
GB2463030B (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-08-11 Formatex Method of determining particulate solids contamination in a liquid hydrocarbon
WO2011015844A1 (en) 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Palox Offshore S.A.L. Composition for preparing an emulsion
WO2011045334A1 (en) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Palox Offshore S.A.L. Protection of liquid fuels
WO2011095825A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Palox Limited Protection of liquid fuels
US9493709B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2016-11-15 Fuelina Technologies, Llc Hybrid fuel and method of making the same
US10308885B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2019-06-04 Drexel University Direct incorporation of natural gas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels
WO2017182160A1 (de) 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 FAUDI Aviation GmbH Kraftstoffadditivierungsvorrichtung, verfahren zur additivierung eines kraftstoffs und verwendung von diesen
DE102016107522A1 (de) 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 Basf Se Kraftstoffadditivierungsvorrichtung, Verfahren zur Additivierung eines Kraftstoffs und Verwendung von diesen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2340418C (en) 2011-07-25
DE69738549D1 (de) 2008-04-17
US20020032130A1 (en) 2002-03-14
CA2288130A1 (en) 1998-11-12
AU2706297A (en) 1998-11-27
GB9923909D0 (en) 1999-12-08
CA2288130C (en) 2006-09-19
ATE387953T1 (de) 2008-03-15
GB2340418A (en) 2000-02-23
EP0984827B1 (de) 2008-03-05
DE69738549T2 (de) 2009-04-02
AU741967B2 (en) 2001-12-13
EP0984827A1 (de) 2000-03-15
JP2001523293A (ja) 2001-11-20
GB2340418B (en) 2001-11-07

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