WO1998018800A1 - Compositions antibiotiques stabilisees a base de carbapenem et procede de production - Google Patents

Compositions antibiotiques stabilisees a base de carbapenem et procede de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998018800A1
WO1998018800A1 PCT/US1997/019336 US9719336W WO9818800A1 WO 1998018800 A1 WO1998018800 A1 WO 1998018800A1 US 9719336 W US9719336 W US 9719336W WO 9818800 A1 WO9818800 A1 WO 9818800A1
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alkyl
group
substituted
unsubstituted
formula
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PCT/US1997/019336
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English (en)
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Orn Almarsson
Michael J. Kaufman
John D. Stong
John M. Williams
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Merck & Co., Inc.
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Priority claimed from GBGB9626211.8A external-priority patent/GB9626211D0/en
Application filed by Merck & Co., Inc. filed Critical Merck & Co., Inc.
Priority to JP10520636A priority Critical patent/JP2000508343A/ja
Priority to CA002268820A priority patent/CA2268820A1/fr
Priority to AU50881/98A priority patent/AU725298B2/en
Priority to US09/284,321 priority patent/US6297231B1/en
Priority to EP97913772A priority patent/EP0937079A4/fr
Publication of WO1998018800A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998018800A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D477/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbapenicillins, thienamycins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulphur-containing hetero ring
    • C07D477/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbapenicillins, thienamycins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulphur-containing hetero ring with hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 4, and with a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2
    • C07D477/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbapenicillins, thienamycins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulphur-containing hetero ring with hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 4, and with a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2 with hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, attached in position 6
    • C07D477/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbapenicillins, thienamycins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulphur-containing hetero ring with hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 4, and with a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2 with hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, attached in position 6 with hetero atoms or carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 3
    • C07D477/20—Sulfur atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D477/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbapenicillins, thienamycins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulphur-containing hetero ring
    • C07D477/02—Preparation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel stabilized form of carbapenem antibiotics, compositions and methods thereof.
  • the compounds can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, including gram positive and negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • infectious diseases including gram positive and negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • the compounds provide good stability against beta-lactamases, and a favorable duration of action.
  • the present invention relates to a novel stabilized compound of formula I:
  • B is selected from a group consisting of H, CN, " , substituted or unsubstituted, straight or branch chain, bivalent Cl -6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or Cl -6 alkyl-X-Cl-6 alkyl wherein X is O, S, NH, or N(Cl -6 alkyl), wherein said alkyl, alkenyl and alkenyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from the
  • X is selected from the group consisting of O or NH
  • R3 is selected from the group consisting of amino or heterocyclic amine
  • -CH R 5 group each of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with ⁇ , unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, Cl-6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxy(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy(Cl-6)alkyl,
  • R4 and R ⁇ independently are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy(Cl _6)alkyl, CN, amino, carbamoyl, carbamoyl(Cl-6)alkyl, cyano(Cl -6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl -6)alkylcarbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, ureido, amino(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy(Cl-6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl _ 6)alkylcarbamoyl-(Cl-6)alkyl, ureido(Cl-6)alkyl,
  • R2 is selected from the goup consisting of hydroxy(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy, OH, NR 6 S02R 6 ' N(R6)2,
  • R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or Cl -6 alkyl
  • R20 an d R21 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl-5 alkyl, C3-5 alkenyl, aralkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in its alkyl moiety, a substituted Cl-5 alkyl, pyridyl or R20 and R21 are taken together to represent an alkylene chain or alkylene chain via an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a (C2-C3)alkyl-substituted nitrogen atom to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a subststituted or unsubstituted 3 to 7 membered cyclic amino group which may contain double bond(s) in its ring, a substituted or unsubstituted guanidyl group of the formula
  • R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl-6 alkyl, a protected or unprotected OH group, a Cl-6 alkoxy, an unsubstituted or (Cl -3)alkyl-substituted hydrazino group or a group of the formula - NHOR ⁇ wherein R8 is a hydrogen atom, a protecting group for a hydroxyl group or a Cl -6 alkyl,
  • Rl is selected from the group consisting of H or Cl-6 alkyl.
  • the compounds are distinctly more stable than carbapenem compounds such as meropenem with respect to intermolecular dimerization degradation (See Takeuchi et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 43(4), 689-692 (1995), regarding degradates of meropenem) See also Kim, SH et al., Res. Com. Mol. Path. & Pharm., 90(3), 347-362 (1995), regarding DA-1131; Inoue K. et al., Antimicro. Agts & Chemo., 39(10), 2331-2336 (1995), regarding BO-2727 and Lee H.W. et al., J. Antibiotics, 48(9), 1046-1048 (1995).
  • the compounds can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, including gram positive and negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • the compounds provide good stability against beta-lactamases, and a favorable duration of action.
  • Compound I is a carbapenem antibiotic that is particularly useful for intravenous and intramuscular administration.
  • Figure 1 shows the percentage of dimer formation of Compound A in the presence of sodium carbonate (triangles) and in the absence of carbonate, at pH 7.5 in solution over time (hours), prior to lyophilization.
  • stabilized form refers to compounds which have a carbamate group formed at the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom, as shown in compounds of formula I.
  • This carbamate is obtainable by combining a compound of formula II or a salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof with a carbon dioxide source, such as sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Examples are shown as formula I and I-a through I-c.
  • pro-drug refers to compounds with a removable group attached to the hydroxyl of the hydroxyethyl side chain (position 6 of the carbapenem nucleus), the carboxylic acid at position 3 of the carbapenem nucleus or the meta-carboxylic acid group on the phenyl ring of the side chain.
  • Groups which are useful in forming pro-drugs should be apparent to the medicinal chemist from the teachings herein. Examples include allyl, acetyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, methoxymethyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, trimethylsilyl and the like.
  • hydrate is used in the conventional sense to include the compounds of formula I and II in physical association with water.
  • alkyl means straight, cyclic or branched alkyl with the indicated number of carbon atoms.
  • Halo means chloro, bromo, fluoro or iodo.
  • Aryl refers to aromatic rings e.g., phenyl, substituted phenyl and like groups as well as rings which are fused, e.g., naphthyl and the like. The preferred aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl.
  • alkoxy refers to those groups of the designated length in either a straight or branched configuration and if two or more carbon atoms in length, they may include a double or a triple bond.
  • alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, tertiary butoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, hexoxy, isohexoxy allyloxy, propargyloxy, and the like.
  • Carbamoyl(Cl -6)alkyl may include, for example carbamoylmethyl, carbamoylethyl, carbamoylpropyl, carbamoylbutyl, 1 - (carbamoylmethyl)ethyl, 1 -carbamoyl- 1 -methylethyl, 1 ,1 -dimethyl-2- carbamoylethyl, carbamoylpentyl, carbamoylhexyl and the like, preferrably a carbamoyl(Cl-4)alkyl.
  • alkylene may include, for example methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, methylmethylene, ethylethylene, propylene and the like, preferrably Cl -4 alkylene.
  • R 4 and R means a 3 to 6 membered heterocyclic group which may contain additional heteroatoms, preferably nitrogen.
  • Examples are substituted or unsubstituted aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or piperazinyl, in which the preferable substituent may be carbamoyl, Cl -6 alkyl, hydroxy Cl -6 alkyl, cyano Cl _6 alkyl, amino Cl_6 alkyl, carbamoyloxy Cl _6 alkyl or amino.
  • Substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic amine preferably means a N-containing heterocyclic group, particularly aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or piperazinyl, which the substituent may be carbamoyl, Cl -6 alkyl, hydroxy Cl-6 alkyl, cyano Cl-6 alkyl, amino Cl-6 alkyl, carbamoyloxy Cl -6 alkyl, ureido Cl -6 alkyl, carbamoyl Cl -6 alkyl or mono or di-Ci-6 alkyl carbamoylC l -6 alkyl.
  • Carboxy-protecting groups can be a group which can form esterified carboxy such as C 1 -6 alkyl ester, which include methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester and the like, Cl -6 alkanoyloxy Cl_6 alkyl ester such as acetoxymethyl ester, propionyloxymethyl ester, butyryloxymethyl ester, valeryloxymethyl ester, pivaloyloxymethyl ester and the like.
  • Imino-protecting groups can be acyl group such as aliphatic acyl substituted with aromatic or heterocyclic group derived from carboxylic acid, carbonic acid, sulfonic acid or carbamic acid, or carbamoyl, aliphatic acyl, aromatic acyl or heterocyclic acyl.
  • Suitable aliphatic acyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl and the like.
  • One subset of compounds of the invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein B is selected from a group consisting O R 20
  • Another subset of compounds of the invention relates to
  • R5 independently are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy(Cl -4)alkyl, CN, carbamoyl(Cl -4)alkyl, cyano(Cl-4)alkyl, ureido(Cl -4)alkyl, or piperazinyl optionally mono-substituted with carbamoyl, Cl -6 alkyl, hydroxy(Cl _4)alkyl, CN, carbamoyl(Cl -4)alkyl, cyano(Cl -4)alkyl, ureido(Cl-4)alkyl, amino (Cl _4)alkyl, carbamoyloxy (Cl -4)alkyl or mono- or di-(Cl -4)alkyl alkylcarbamoyl(Cl-4)alkyl, with the proviso that R ⁇ and R ⁇ cannot be hydrogen at the same time, and R2 is selected from the goup consisting of hydroxy (Cl _6)
  • compositions which contain the carbapenem antibiotic compound I:
  • B is selected from a group consisting of C(0)N(R6)2, H, OH, CN, substituted or unsubstituted, straight or branch chain, bivalent Cl -6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or Cl -6 alky 1-X-C 1 -6 alkyl wherein X is O, S, NH, or N(Cl-6 alkyl), wherein said alkyl, alkenyl and alkenyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from the
  • X is selected from the group consisting of O or NH
  • R3 is selected from the group consisting of amino or heterocyclic amine
  • -CH R 5 group each of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with ⁇ , unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, Cl-6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxy(Cl-6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy(Cl-6)alkyl,
  • R4 and R5 independently are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy(Cl -6)alkyl, CN, amino, carbamoyl, carbamoyl(Cl-6)alkyl, cyano(Cl _6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl -6)alkylcarbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, ureido, amino(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy(Cl -6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl _ 6)alkylcarbamoy 1-(C 1 -6)alkyl, ureido(C l -6)alkyl,
  • R2 is selected from the goup consisting of hydroxy(Cl-6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy, OH, and NR 0 SO2R 6 ' N(R6)2 5
  • R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or Cl -6 alkyl
  • R20 and R ⁇ l are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl-5 alkyl, C3-5 alkenyl, aralkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in its alkyl moiety, a substituted Cl-5 alkyl, pyridyl or R20 and R21 are taken together to represent an alkylene chain or alkylene chain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a (C2-C3)alkyl-substituted nitrogen atom to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a subststituted or unsubstituted 3 to 7 membered cyclic amino group which may contain double bond(s) in its ring, a substituted or unsubstituted guanidyl group of the formula
  • R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl-6 alkyl, a protected or unprotected OH group, a Cl-6 alkoxy, an unsubstituted or (Cl-3)alkyl-substituted hydrazino group or a group of the formula - NHOR wherein R8 is a hydrogen atom, a protecting group for a hydroxyl group or a Cl -6 alkyl,
  • Rl is selected from the group consisting of H or Cl -6 alkyl.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention relates to a compound of structural formula I which is produced by combining a compound of formula II:
  • B is selected from a group consisting of H, CN, , substituted or unsubstituted, straight or branch chain, bivalent Cl-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or _6 alkyl-X- -6 alkyl wherein X is O, S, NH, or N(Ci _6 alkyl), wherein said alkyl, alkenyl and alkenyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from the
  • X is selected from the group consisting of O or NH
  • R3 is selected from the group consisting of amino or heterocyclic amine
  • N R 5 group each of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with , unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, Cl-6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxy(C ⁇ _6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy(Cl-6)alkyl,
  • R4 and R ⁇ independently are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy(Ci -6)alkyl, CN, amino, carbamoyl, carbamoyl(Ci-6)alkyl, cyano(Cl-6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl_6)alkylcarbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, ureido, amino(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy(Cl_6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl- 6)alkylcarbamoyl-(Cl-6)alkyl, ureido(Cl-6)alkyl, -CO- P) and — CH 2 CO- T) -fQ
  • R2 is selected from the goup consisting of hydroxy(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy, OH, NR6s ⁇ 2R 6 > N(R6)2,
  • R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or Cl -6 alkyl
  • R20 and R ⁇ l are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl -5 alkyl, C3-5 alkenyl, aralkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in its alkyl moiety, a substituted C ⁇ _5 alkyl, pyridyl or R20 and R21 are taken together to represent an alkylene chain or alkylene chain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a (C2-C3)alkyl-substituted nitrogen atom to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a subststituted or unsubstituted 3 to 7 membered cyclic amino group which may contain double bond(s) in its ring, a substituted or unsubstituted guanidyl group of the formula
  • R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl-6 alkyl, a protected or unprotected OH group, a Cl -6 alkoxoy, an unsubstituted or (Cl-3)alkyl-substituted hydrazino group or a group of the formula - NHOR ⁇ wherein R8 is a hydrogen atom, a protecting group for a hydroxy 1 group or a Cl -6 alkyl,
  • Rl is selected from the group consisting of H or Cl-6 alkyl.
  • Yet another aspect of this invention relates to a compound wherein the carbon dioxide source is selected from carbon dioxide, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium carbonates/bicarbonates.
  • a still further aspect of the invention relates to a method of stabilizing a carbapenem compound of the formula II:
  • B is selected from a group consisting of H, CN, , substituted or unsubstituted, straight or branch chain, bivalent Cl -6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or Cl-6 alkyl-X-Cl-6 alkyl wherein X is O, S, NH, or N(Cl -6 alkyl), wherein said alkyl, alkenyl and alkenyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from the
  • X is selected from the group consisting of O or NH
  • R3 is selected from the group consisting of amino or heterocyclic amine
  • R4 -CH R 5 group each of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with ⁇ , unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, Cl-6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxy(Cl-6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy (Cl -6)alkyl, said alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from H, COOR6, halo, CF3, Cl-6 alkyl, OH and N(R6)2,
  • R4 and R5 independently are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy(Cl-6)alkyl, CN, amino, carbamoyl, carbamoyl(Cl-6)alkyl, cyano(Cl -6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl -6)alkylcarbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, ureido, amino(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy(Cl-6)alkyl, mono- or di-(Cl - 6)alkylcarbamoyl-(Cl -6)alkyl, ureido(Cl-6)alkyl,
  • R2 is selected from the goup consisting of hydroxy(Cl -6)alkyl, carbamoyloxy, OH, NR°S02R 6 ' N(R6)2,
  • R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or Cl -6 alkyl
  • R20 a nd R21 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl -5 alkyl, C3-5 alkenyl, aralkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in its alkyl moiety, a substituted Cl-5 alkyl, pyridyl or R20 and R21 are taken together to represent an alkylene chain or alkylene chain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a (C2-C3)alkyl-substituted nitrogen atom to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a subststituted or unsubstituted 3 to 7 membered cyclic amino group which may contain double bond(s) in its ring, a substituted or unsubstituted guanidyl group of the formula
  • R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl -6 alkyl, a protected or unprotected OH group, a Cl -6 alkoxy, an unsubstituted or (Cl-3)alkyl-substituted hydrazino group or a group of the formula - NHOR wherein R8 is a hydrogen atom, a protecting group for a hydroxy 1 group or a Cl -6 alkyl,
  • Rl is selected from the group consisting of H or Cl-6 alkyl; comprising dissolving a compound of formula II and a sufficient amount of a carbon dioxide source in a solvent to form a solution containing a compound of formula I:
  • the carbon dioxide source is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium carbonates/bicarbonates and the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water or saline.
  • Another aspect of the method relates to the solution wherein it is lyophilized to provide a composition containing a compound of formula I, or a salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof.
  • composition which is comprised of a compound represented by formula II:
  • Compound I is a carbapenem antibiotic that is particularly useful for intravenous and intramuscular administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated with any pharmaceutically acceptable buffer which will provide a pH of about 6.0 to about 9.0 upon dissolution.
  • any pharmaceutically acceptable buffer which will provide a pH of about 6.0 to about 9.0 upon dissolution.
  • sodium bicarbonate is a preferred pharmaceutically acceptable buffer.
  • the pH of the composition upon dissolution is about 6.2 to about 8.5.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are generally formulated using a carbon dioxide source.
  • Preferred sources of carbon dioxide are carbon dioxide (gas, liquid or solid), carbonates and bicarbonates such as potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium carbonates/bicarbonates, and more preferably sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, which can be incorporated into the formulation, such that an appropriate pH, e.g., about 6.2 - 8.5, is obtained upon dissolution.
  • a carbapenem derivative of formula 2c or a reactive derivative at the oxo group thereof (2a) or a salt thereof is reacted with a mercaptopyrrolidine derivative of formula 3 or a salt thereof to prepare a compound of formual 4 or a salt therof.
  • the reactive derivative can be prepared by reacting the compound of formula 2c with an acylating agent R" which may include conventional ones such as organic sulfonic acid, organic phosphoric acid, or its reactive derivative such as acid halide or acid anhydride, for example benzenesulfonyl chloride, p-bromobenzene sulfonyl chloride, diphenyl phosphorochloridate, diethyl phosphorochloridate and the like.
  • R ⁇ is a carboxy protecting group and R 10 is an imino protecting group.
  • the acylation is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent and any conventional organic solvent such as acetone, dioxane acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, pyridine, ethyl acetate and the like, can be used, preferably benzene or acetonitrile. If the acylating agent is used in the form of a free acid or its salt the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a condensing agent.
  • a solvent any conventional organic solvent such as acetone, dioxane acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, pyridine, ethyl acetate and the like, can be used, preferably benzene or acetonitrile. If the acylating agent is used in the form of a free acid or its salt the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a condensing agent.
  • Suitable condensing agents are N,N-diethylcarbodiimide, N,N- diisopropylcarbodiimide, and the like, imidazole compounds such as N,N-carbonyldiimidazole and the like, Keteneimine compounds such as pentamethyleneketene-N-cyclohexylimine and the like.
  • the acylation may be carried out in the presence of an inorganic or organic base such as hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates or alkanoates of an alkali metal such as lithium, sodium or potassium, etc., tri-Cl-6 alkylamines such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine and the like, preferably N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine.
  • an inorganic or organic base such as hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates or alkanoates of an alkali metal such as lithium, sodium or potassium, etc.
  • tri-Cl-6 alkylamines such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine and the like, preferably N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine.
  • the acylation reaction is generally carried out under cooling to warming, for example, at the temperature of -40°C to 50°C, preferably at -20°C to 20°C.
  • the reaction time is generally from about 0.5 to 3 hours.
  • 1 to 3 moles of the base and 1 to 3 moles of the acylating agent are used with respect to one mole of the compound of formula 2c.
  • the compound of formula 2a or salt thereof can subsequently be reacted with the compound of formula 3 or salts thereof to prepare the compound of formula 4 or salts thereof.
  • the compound of formula 2a can be used with or preferably without isolation.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a reaction-inert solvent such as those described in the acylation reaction, preferably acetonitrile, or DMF.
  • the reaction temperature can be varied within a substantially wide range.
  • the compounds of formula 4 or salts thereof are subjected to elimination reaction of the carboxy-protecting group R ⁇ as well as elimination of the imino-protecting group to prepare the compound la or salts thereof, wherein Rl 1 is hydrogen or anion.
  • the removal of the carboxy-protecting and imino-protecting groups can be carried out by conventional methods known in the art such as hydrolysis, reduction and the like. If necessary, elimination of both carboxy-protecting and imino-protecting groups can be carried out in the same reaction vessel without isolation of the intermediate compound.
  • Rl2 is a mercapto-protecting group
  • m is an integer from 1 to 6 and RIO and B are described above.
  • the mercapto-protecting group can be an acyl group as stated above in connection with the imino-protecting group, aryl Cl-6 alkyl such as mono or di- or tri-phenyl Cl-6 alkyl, for example benzyl, phenethyl, benzhydryl, trityl and the like, preferrably Cl -4 alkanoyl, aroyl and triphenyl Cl-4 alkyl.
  • the compound of formula V or a reactive derivative at the hydroxy group thereof or salts thereof can be reacted with the mercaptan derivative of formula VI or salts thereof to prepare a compound of formula 3aa or salts thereof.
  • a suitable reactive derivative at the hydroxy group of the compound of formula 15 can be a halide such as chloride, bromide, iodide, etc., sulfonates such as methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, etc.
  • the reaction can be carried out, for example, by reacting one equivalent weight of the compound of formula VI with 1 to 2 equivalent weight, preferably 1.2 equivalent weight, of the methanesulfonate compound of formula V and 1 to 2 equivalent weight, preferably 1.2 equivalent weight, of an organic or inorganic base in a halogenated alkane solvent such as dichloromethane, at the temperature of -10°C to 40°C, preferably -5°C to 0°C, for 1 to 3 hours.
  • a halogenated alkane solvent such as dichloromethane
  • the mercaptan derivative of formula VI may be aryl(lower)alkanethiol such as mono- or di- or tri- phenyl(lower)alkanethiol, for example, phenylmethanethiol, diphenylmethanethiol, triphenylmethanethiol, and the like, thioacetic-S- acid, thiobenzoic-S-acid, preferably thioacetic-S-acid or its postassium salt.
  • aryl(lower)alkanethiol such as mono- or di- or tri- phenyl(lower)alkanethiol, for example, phenylmethanethiol, diphenylmethanethiol, triphenylmethanethiol, and the like, thioacetic-S- acid, thiobenzoic-S-acid, preferably thioacetic-S-acid or its postassium salt.
  • the mercapto-protecting group of the compound of formula 3aa or salts thereof is then eliminated to provide the compound of formula 3 or salts thereof.
  • the elimination reaction is carried out by means of a conventional method and can be appropriately selected depending on the kind of mercapto-protecting group to be eliminated.
  • the protecting group is aryl(Cl -C6)alkyl group
  • elimination can occur by treating with a silver compound such as silver nitrate or silver carbonate.
  • the elimination reaction with silver is preferably carried out in the presence of an organic base such as pyridine, etc.
  • the resulting silver salt of the compound of formula 3 can be converted into its alkali metal salt, if necessary, by treating with alkali metal halide such as sodium iodide, potassium iodide, etc.
  • the compounds of formula 4a, 2c, 2a, 3, 3aa, 4 and salts thereof can be isolated and purified employing means of a conventional manner, for example extraction, precipitation, fractional crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography and the like.
  • Suitable salts of the compounds of formula 2c, 2a, 3, 4, and 4a which are used as starting materials and reactants or obtained as reaction products, may be the same as those specifically exemplified in connection with the salts of the compound of formula I.
  • Examples of a compound of formula II are discussed below.
  • the compounds of formula I are synthesized by the non-limiting examples below.
  • Generally compounds of formula I can be synthesized by combining a compound of formula II with the carbon dioxide source, and then dissolving the blend in an appropriate solvent.
  • the compound of formula I (I and I-a through II-c) converts into a compound of formula II (II, and II-a,) over time.
  • the compound of formula II can be powder blended with a carbon dioxide producing compound, such that the compound of formula I, or the salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof, is produced upon dissolution or reconstitution.
  • the compound of formula II and the carbon dioxide producing compound can be combined in solution to form compound I, after which the composition is lyophilized to provide a composition containing a compound of formula I, or a salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof.
  • the amount of carbonate or bicarbonate used in the process can be varied within wide limits.
  • the amount of sodium carbonate can be varied from as low as about 0.025g of sodium carbonate/gram of drug to as high as about 0.5g of sodium carbonate/gram of drug.
  • the amount of sodium bicarbonate in the formulation can be varied from as low as about 0.025g/gram of drug, to as high as about 0.7g/gram of drug.
  • Other compounds can be included to adjust the pH of the composition upon dilution or reconstitution. Examples include potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, N-methyl glucamine and the like.
  • One formulation that is of particular interest is comprised of about 3-6 parts by weight, and preferably about 4.5 parts by weight, of the compound of formula II, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stabilized form, prodrug or hydrate thereof, and 1 part by weight of sodium bicarbonate.
  • the pH which results upon dissolution of this formulation is approximately 6.5. Formulating the drug in this manner can extend the stability of the product in solution.
  • Another formulation that is of particular interest is comprised of about 4-10 parts by weight, and preferably about 6.7 parts by weight, of the compound of formula II, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stabilized form, prodrug or hydrate thereof, and 1 part by weight sodium carbonate.
  • the pH which results upon dissolution of this formulation is approximately 7.5. Formulating the drug in this manner can extend the stability of the product in solution.
  • the compound of formula I or II can be used in lyophilized or non-lyophilized form.
  • the lyophilized form is produced using standard lyophilization techniques.
  • compositions of the present invention can be included in the compositions of the present invention as well. Since the composition is preferably administered by injection, various diluents, buffers, preservatives, local anesthetics, tonicity controlling agents and other components can be included.
  • diluents include sterile water for injection, normal saline, dextrose solution 5% (D5W), lactated Ringer's solution and the like.
  • diluent is normal saline or sterile water for injection.
  • buffers include phosphate buffer, such as dihydrogen sodium phosphate, citrate buffer, such as sodium citrate, meglumine and tri(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.
  • preservatives include butylhydroxyacetone (BHA), butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and benzalkonium chloride.
  • BHA butylhydroxyacetone
  • BHT butylhydroxytoluene
  • local anesthetics include benzocaine, lidocaine, novacaine, pontocaine and the like.
  • tonicity modifying agents include sodium chloride, mannitol, dextrose, glucose, lactose and sucrose.
  • compositions include water, mannitol, sorbitol, dextrose, lactose, glucose, dextran, sucrose, maltose, gelatin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), glycine, mannose, ribose, polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP), cellulose derivatives, glutamine, inositol, potassium glutamate, erythritol, serine and other amino acids.
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidine
  • any or all of the species described herein can be contained in the formulation upon dilution or reconstitution.
  • Compound II represents the non-stabilized form of the free acid.
  • various salt forms of formula II, including Il-a are included herein.
  • the specie X+ represents a charge balancing cation, which is present in association with the compound as necessary to maintain overall charge neutrality.
  • the charged specie would be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt-forming ion, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and the like.
  • a divalent specie such as Ca 2+ can likewise be present, such as when two carboxylate anions are found in the compound, as in formula ll-a,
  • the counterion includes a bis cationic specie, e.g., Ca+ 2 an appropriate amount is typically present relative to the carbapenem moiety to provide overall charge neutrality.
  • the half molar equivalent of Ca+ 2 can be included with a mono- carboxylate to maintain overall charge neutrality. All such embodiments are included in the present invention.
  • a preferred group of salt-forming cations represented by X+ is an ion selected from the group consisting of: sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
  • X+ represents a member selected from the group consisting of: Na + , Ca +2 and K+.
  • the carbon dioxide producing compound preferably sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate
  • the amount of the carbon dioxide producing compound, e.g., sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate which is included in the composition is that which is sufficient to form compounds of formula I through I-c, and which optionally provides the desired pH of the composition upon dissolution or reconstitution.
  • counterions can be included in the composition.
  • calcium and sodium could be included together in the pharmaceutical composition to provide overall charge neutrality.
  • the counterions can thus be varied within wide limits.
  • the counterion or counterions are pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species.
  • the carbapenem compound of the present invention is useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in animal and human subjects.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to those salt forms which would be apparent to the pharmaceutical chemist, i.e., those which are substantially non-toxic and which provide the desired pharmacokinetic properties, palatability, absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion. Other factors, more practical in nature, which are also important in the selection, are cost of the raw materials, ease of crystallization, yield, stability, hygroscopicity, and flowability of the resulting bulk drug.
  • pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared from the active ingredients in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • the present invention is concerned with pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating bacterial infections utilizing the carbapenem compound.
  • the carbapenem may be used in a variety of pharmaceutical preparations.
  • Compositions for injection, the preferred route of delivery, may be prepared in unit dosage form or in multidose containers.
  • the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions, oily or aqueous in nature, and may contain various formulating agents, such as diluents, buffers, preservatives and the like. Hence, the compound is present in combination with these pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • the active ingredient may be in the form of a powder, which can be reconstituted with a liquid such as sterile water, normal saline and the like at the time of administration.
  • the powder can be in lyophilized or non-lyophilized form.
  • compositions are typically in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions or suspensions. Such compositions may likewise be packaged in unit dose or multidose containers.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may be comprised of diluents, tabletting and granulating aids, lubricants, disintegrants, buffers, sweeteners, preservatives and the like.
  • Topical compositions may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers in the form of hydrophobic or hydrophilic ointments, creams, lotions, solutions, paints or powders.
  • the dosage to be administered depends to a large extent upon the condition and size of the mammalian patient being treated as well as the delivery route and frequency of administration.
  • the parenteral route (by injection) is preferred.
  • compositions for human delivery per unit dosage may contain from about 0.01% to about 99% of active material, the preferred range being from about 10-60%.
  • the composition will generally contain from about 10 mg to about 3000 mg of the active ingredient; however, in general, it is preferable to employ a dosage amount in the range of from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg.
  • the unit dosage is usually the compound in a sterile water or saline solution or in the form of a powder intended for dissolution or reconstitution.
  • the preferred method of administration of the compound of formula I is parenterally by intravenous (i.v.) infusion.
  • the compound may be administered by injection intramuscularly (i.m.).
  • a dose of about 5 to about 50 mg of the formula I antibacterial compound per kg of body weight is administered from 1 to 6 times per day.
  • the preferred dosage ranges from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg of the compound given one to four times per day, preferably 1-2 times a day, and most preferably once daily.
  • a dose of about 100 mg to about 1000 mg from one to four times daily is preferred, most preferably once daily.
  • a dose of about 500 mg to about 1000 mg from one to four times daily is preferred.
  • a dose of about 1000-2000 mg one to six times daily is preferred.
  • a dose of 5-25 mg/kg of body weight given 1 to 4 times per day is preferred; a dose of 10 mg/kg from one to four times daily is preferred.
  • the compound of formula I is of the broad class known as carbapenems.
  • Naturally occurring carbapenems are susceptible to attack by a renal enzyme known as dehydropeptidase (DHP). This attack or degradation may reduce the efficacy of the carbapenem antibacterial agent.
  • DHP dehydropeptidase
  • the compound used in the present invention is significantly less subject to such attack, and therefore may not require the use of a DHP inhibitor.
  • use of a DHP inhibitor is optional and is contemplated as being included in the present invention.
  • Inhibitors of DHP and their use with carbapenem antibacterial agents are disclosed in European Patent Applications No. 79102616.4, filed July 24, 1979 (Patent No. 0 007 614); and No. 82107174.3, filed August 9, 1982 (Publication No. 0 072 014)].
  • the compound of the present invention may, where DHP inhibition is desired or necessary, be combined or used with the appropriate DHP inhibitor as described in the aforesaid patents and published application.
  • the cited European Patent Application defines the procedure for determining DHP susceptibility of the present carbapenems and disclose suitable inhibitors, combination compositions and methods of treatment.
  • a preferred weight ratio of formula I compound: DHP inhibitor in combination compositions is about 1 :1.
  • a preferred DHP inhibitor is 7-(L-2-amino-2-carboxyethylthio)-2-(2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide)-2-heptenoic acid, or a salt thereof, also known as cilastatin.
  • the carbapenem is active against various gram-positive and to a lesser extent gram-negative bacteria, and accordingly finds utility in human and veterinary medicine.
  • the claimed compounds are distinctly stable carbapenem compounds as shown in non-limiting Example 3.
  • Example 3 The plots in the figure below demonstrate the effect of adduct formation on degradation at high drug concentration.
  • the conditions 200 mg/mL (4R,5S,6S,8R,2'S,4'S)-3-[[2-[[(3- carboxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]N-carboxypyrrolidin-4-yl] thio]-4- methyl-6-(l-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0] hept-2-en-2- carboxylic acid trisodium [compound A] salt in water) the main route of degradation is formation of dimers.
  • Dimerization in turn is dependent on the presence of the free drug as disodium salt with an unionized pyrrolidine ring nitrogen. Through formation of the stabilized form with C ⁇ 2, the concentration of free drug sodium salt is decrease. This effect is shown by the plot of %dimers vs. time in the presence of sodium carbonate at pH 7.5 (triangles), where the amount of dimer degradates is controlled to approximately 3% in 8 hours at 5C. Conversely, the plot of %dimers vs. time in the absence of carbonate but at the same pH and temperature (filled circles) shows that dimers grow linearly to over 5% in 6 hours.
  • the reaction steps are exemplified by Example 4.
  • the product of the novel process of this invention can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, including gram positive and negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • the compounds provide good stability against beta- lactamases, and a favorable duration of action.
  • Example 4 Meropenem (Merrem® 1000 obtained from Zeneca S. P. A., 34.2 mg, equivalent to 25 mg meropenem anhydrous) was placed in a plastic nalgene tube and 1.0 mL of D2O was added (giving a 25 mg/mL solution). The solution was mixed for several minutes and divided into two parts. The first part was analyzed by proton NMR in a 5 mm tube placed in the magnet of a 200 MHz instrument.
  • the second part (0.5 mL) was diluted with 0.5 mL of a solution of NaH 3c ⁇ 3 (15.8 mg/mL) in D2 ⁇ , to a total meropenem concentration of 12.5 mg/mL and analyzed by 13 NMR in a 5 mm tube in the above mentioned instrument (operating at 50 MHz for carbon).
  • the meropenem adduct with C0 2 was observed as a triplet resonance at 4.5 ppm in the proton spectrum (in the upfield side of the residual water signal) and at 164 ppm in the carbon spectrum (downfield from the bicarbonate signal at 161 ppm).
  • the vacuum (ca 50 mtorr) was applied and the following cycle used for drying: ramp at 0.5°C/min to -20C and hold 12 hours (primary drying); ramp at 0.5°C/min to +10°C and hold 12 hours (secondary drying); ramp at

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Abstract

Cette invention a trait à une nouvelle forme stabilisée d'antibiotiques à base de carbapenem ainsi qu'à des compositions et à des techniques afférentes. Il est possible d'utiliser ces composés pour le traitement de maladies infectieuses, notamment des maladies provoquées par des bactéries aérobies et anaérobies, à Gram positif et à Gram négatif. Ces composés, qui ont une action bénéfique du point de vue pharmaceutique et qui se révèlent stable face aux bêta-lactamases, ont une durée d'activité notable.
PCT/US1997/019336 1996-10-28 1997-10-24 Compositions antibiotiques stabilisees a base de carbapenem et procede de production WO1998018800A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10520636A JP2000508343A (ja) 1996-10-28 1997-10-24 安定化されたカルバペネム抗生物質組成物及びその製造方法
CA002268820A CA2268820A1 (fr) 1996-10-28 1997-10-24 Compositions antibiotiques stabilisees a base de carbapenem et procede de production
AU50881/98A AU725298B2 (en) 1996-10-28 1997-10-24 Stabilized carbapenem antibiotic compositions and method of making
US09/284,321 US6297231B1 (en) 1996-10-28 1997-10-24 Stabilized carbapenem antibiotic compositions and method of making
EP97913772A EP0937079A4 (fr) 1996-10-28 1997-10-24 Compositions antibiotiques stabilisees a base de carbapenem et procede de production

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US2952096P 1996-10-28 1996-10-28
US60/029,520 1996-10-28
GBGB9626211.8A GB9626211D0 (en) 1996-12-18 1996-12-18 Carbapenem antibiotic, compositions and methods thereof
GB9626211.8 1996-12-18

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP1244444A1 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2002-10-02 Merck & Co., Inc. Procede de preparation de compositions antibiotiques a base de carbapenem
EP1332145A1 (fr) * 2000-10-27 2003-08-06 Merck & Co., Inc. Procede pour la formulation de composes antibiotiques
WO2009075309A1 (fr) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. Composition de préparation
CN102603747A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 展旺生命科技股份有限公司 抗生素化合物的制备方法

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WO2009000210A1 (fr) * 2007-06-28 2008-12-31 Zhenhua Huang Nouveaux dérivés de carbapénème

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J. ANTIBIOT., January 1994, Vol. 47, No. 1, OH et al., "Studies on the Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Zwitterionic Carbapenems", pages 126-128. *
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1244444A1 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2002-10-02 Merck & Co., Inc. Procede de preparation de compositions antibiotiques a base de carbapenem
JP2003514779A (ja) * 1999-10-29 2003-04-22 メルク エンド カムパニー インコーポレーテッド カルバペネム系抗生物質組成物の処方方法
EP1244444A4 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2003-05-21 Merck & Co Inc Procede de preparation de compositions antibiotiques a base de carbapenem
AU770165B2 (en) * 1999-10-29 2004-02-12 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Process for formulation of carbapenem antibiotic compositions
JP4854899B2 (ja) * 1999-10-29 2012-01-18 メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション カルバペネム系抗生物質組成物の処方方法
EP1332145A1 (fr) * 2000-10-27 2003-08-06 Merck & Co., Inc. Procede pour la formulation de composes antibiotiques
EP1332145A4 (fr) * 2000-10-27 2004-07-28 Merck & Co Inc Procede pour la formulation de composes antibiotiques
AU2001261079B2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2006-03-16 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Process for formulation of antibiotic compounds
CN100384845C (zh) * 2000-10-27 2008-04-30 麦克公司 制剂抗生素化合物的方法
WO2009075309A1 (fr) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. Composition de préparation
CN102603747A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 展旺生命科技股份有限公司 抗生素化合物的制备方法
EP2479177A1 (fr) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 Savior Lifetec Corporation Procédé de préparation de composés antibiotiques

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