Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/16—Details
  • B02C18/24—Drives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
  • B02C23/04—Safety devices

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the automatic, load-dependent monitoring of a system of elements of a machine for generating information for the operation of the machine.
• the invention further relates to a device for performing the method.
• the method and device are especially designed for shredding machines such as rotor shears for shredding bulky waste with two counter-rotating, intermeshing cutting rotors mounted in parallel in a housing, each consisting of several rotor disks lined up on a shaft with cutting teeth.
• Control devices for protecting drives which generate signals when one of the drive elements is overloaded and which act on the drive via a control device are generally known. These monitoring controls usually record drive values, e.g. Current, power, speed, torque or the like ..
• Comminution machines of the type described above are exposed to specific high and changing loads in their operation, the high extreme values of which are caused by the parts of the feed material blocking the comminution process. These are very different in terms of their size, shape or material properties, but can ultimately be classified into parts that can be shredded and not shredded.
• disruptive parts are inevitably removed after the forward run by so-called reversing movements due to the design of the cutting teeth and position of the rotor shears.
• WO-PCT / JP95 / 015308 it was known for a rotor shear operating in this way to synchronize the forward running and the reversing movement with one another, but without relating the time for the forward running and the reversing movement to load data of the machine.
• DE 34 12 306 C2 a control device for protecting an electric motor drive, in particular a document shredder, is known, which monitors the drive and generates a signal when it is overloaded, which acts on the drive via a control unit.
• a control indicator element with a plurality of light-emitting diodes, which is controlled in stages depending on the drive values supplied to the control indicator element, the signal being generated depending on the control of one or more stages, which is a reverse run , the so-called reversing, or disengaging the drive.
• the invention is generally based on the object of automatically monitoring the system of elements of a machine by means of mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and / or electronic components for generating information for protecting the machine and depending on the load, and from both an economic and constructive point of view Dimension machine elements optimally.
• This problem is also the problem with crushing machines of the above-mentioned type, despite the crushing process of disruptive parts of the feed material, which lead to jerky, extremely high loads, to recognize the type of load on the machine, to continue operating the machine without disruptions, and in the process to reduce crushable and non-crushable feed material Distinguish, machine-related load, pressure, travel, time, sound and / or temperature-dependent measured variables to be recorded and evaluated.
• the object is achieved by the features of claims 1 to 28.
• the invention surprisingly showed the advantageous effect that automatic monitoring for effective, highly efficient machine operation can be implemented and the functional parts of the machine can be optimally dimensioned, that is to say the design-related use of materials can be minimized.
• the invention controls the composition of the material to be shredded to protect and secure subsequent processes, such as e.g. the processing and recycling of shredded paper, shredded plastics and other materials that are then free of disruptive materials such as heavy parts made of ferrous metals is guaranteed.
• FIG. 1 shows the diagram of a method variant according to the invention for a rotor shear, illustrated by means of the curves according to the machine load and the direction of rotation with a schematic representation of the removal of a non-comminutable part
• FIG. 2 shows the diagram of a further method variant according to the invention for a rotor shear, illustrated on the basis of analogous conditions according to FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 shows a device for carrying out the method for a rotor shear in a schematic representation
• Fig. 4 shows a further device for performing the method for a rotor shear in a schematic representation
• Fig. 5 shows a third device for performing the method for a rotor shear in a schematic representation.
• the invention is illustrated using exemplary embodiments of a basic type.
• 1 and 2 show the method according to the invention using curve profiles in a coordinate system over the respective P-axis (pressure) and the respective t-axis (time) and the resulting kinematic processes with regard to the direction of rotation (arrows) of the cutting disks 8 ( 3, 4 and 5) a rotor shear including the removal of the heavy parts.
• Fig. 1 From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the gradient of the rate of increase of the machine load over the pressure increase is detected as a function of an adjustable, time-differentiated combination of measured variables M1, M2.
• machine operation runs in the shredding direction of rotation of the rotor shear.
• the drive first reverses, after which the cutting disks 8 rotate in the opposite direction (arrows) shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, and then again to take the original direction for the crushing movement.
• the sequence is controlled such that when a first measured variable M1 at Pmax and accumulation of feed material that can be comminuted is reached, first a reversing movement of the drive, then a subsequent further movement for comminution, is initiated then, if an adjustable second measured variable is exceeded due to the presence of non-comminutable feed, the comminution process - after a possible reversal - first of all to abort, remove the non-comminutable feed and then continue in normal operation of a comminution.
• corresponding forces F1, F2, F3, F4 are derived, in part according to one of the described methods of the Roror scissor load. measured and evaluated or formed.
• the torque arm 1 is articulated on a piston rod 2 of a hydraulic cylinder 3 to absorb the force F1 from the rotary movement of the rotor shears.
• a spring 4 for generating the force F2, which counteracts the force F1, is arranged between the torque arm 1 and the hydraulic cylinder.
• a hydraulic connection 5 to a reservoir-like container 6 is connected downstream of the piston chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 3.
• Sensors (not shown) are accommodated in the hydraulic connection 5 for the generation of the measured variables M1, M2, in order to control the process of comminuting the rotor shear comminution process typical of the invention due to the temporal differentiation of these measured variables (FIG. 1).
• the means for the forces F1, F2 and F3 described in this way form a damping system with damping forces F4 for generating a damping decrement.
• FIG. 4 Another variant of a device according to the invention according to FIG. 4 provides in the torque arm 1, which acts as a bending beam, a measuring element 1.1 such as strain gauges for measuring the deflection of the torque arm 1, which is connected to a measuring amplifier 1.2.
• the torque arm 1 can also be supported as a further measuring element 1.3 with the interposition of a piezo element connected to another measuring amplifier 1.4, which measuring elements 1.1, 1.3 measure the force F1 corresponding to the rotor shear load.
• the first 1.2 or the second measuring amplifier 1.4 evaluates the machine load according to FIGS. 1 and 2 to generate the measured variables M1, M2 and / or the gradient of the speed of the load increase in order to determine the kinematic sequence of the operation of the rotor shears - according to the method as described above - to control.
• a device according to the invention can also lead to the implementation of the method if, between the hydraulic motor 7 and a hydraulic pump 9, a pressure sensor 7.1 for recording the gradient of the speed Discharge of the load is provided and the process sequence according to the invention is influenced via a control 7.2.
• the method and corresponding devices according to the invention can be used particularly effectively in practice with installed software, in order to ultimately operate the machine - such as rotor shears - with on the one hand optimized comminution of bulky goods and on the other hand disposal of non-comminutable feed material in a highly efficient and gentle manner .

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
• Shovels (AREA)
• Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=7808482

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

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Citations (8)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1996
  • 1996-10-11 DE DE19641975A patent/DE19641975C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-10-09 BR BR9712982-8A patent/BR9712982A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-10-09 JP JP10517901A patent/JP2000504995A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-10-09 CZ CZ0124599A patent/CZ296882B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-10-09 KR KR1019997003083A patent/KR100334419B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-10-09 AT AT97913090T patent/ATE193228T1/de active
  • 1997-10-09 WO PCT/DE1997/002314 patent/WO1998016318A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1997-10-09 EP EP97913090A patent/EP0930941B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-10-09 ES ES97913090T patent/ES2146090T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-10-09 DE DE59701784T patent/DE59701784D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-10-09 DK DK97913090T patent/DK0930941T3/da active
• 2004
  • 2004-01-14 JP JP2004007322A patent/JP2004105969A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (8)

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