WO1998016318A1

WO1998016318A1 - Method and device for automatic machine monitoring, specially fragmentizing machines, preferably rotor blades

Info

Publication number: WO1998016318A1
Application number: PCT/DE1997/002314
Authority: WO
Inventors: August Van Der Beek; Thomas Spiesshofer; Willi Schneider; Erwin Kaldenbach
Original assignee: Svedala Lindemann Gmbh
Priority date: 1996-10-11
Filing date: 1997-10-09
Publication date: 1998-04-23
Also published as: DK0930941T3; ES2146090T3; JP2000504995A; KR100334419B1; KR20000049017A; BR9712982A; JP2004105969A; CZ296882B6; DE19641975C2; DE19641975A1; EP0930941B1; EP0930941A1; CZ124599A3; DE59701784D1; ATE193228T1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for automatic monitoring machines, specially fragmentizing machines, preferably rotor blades, which ensure an effective and high efficient machine operation by measuring the machine load depending on at least one measurable variable (M1, M2) and subsequently controlling the kinematic machine sequence.

Description

Method and device for the automatic monitoring of machines, in particular for comminution machines, preferably rotor shears

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for the automatic, load-dependent monitoring of a system of elements of a machine for generating information for the operation of the machine. The invention further relates to a device for performing the method. The method and device are especially designed for shredding machines such as rotor shears for shredding bulky waste with two counter-rotating, intermeshing cutting rotors mounted in parallel in a housing, each consisting of several rotor disks lined up on a shaft with cutting teeth.

State of the art

Control devices for protecting drives which generate signals when one of the drive elements is overloaded and which act on the drive via a control device are generally known. These monitoring controls usually record drive values, e.g. Current, power, speed, torque or the like ..

Comminution machines of the type described above are exposed to specific high and changing loads in their operation, the high extreme values of which are caused by the parts of the feed material blocking the comminution process. These are very different in terms of their size, shape or material properties, but can ultimately be classified into parts that can be shredded and not shredded. In order to separate the cutting process in rotor shears and in particular to destroy the cutting tools, such as heavy iron parts, disruptive parts are inevitably removed after the forward run by so-called reversing movements due to the design of the cutting teeth and position of the rotor shears.

According to WO-PCT / JP95 / 01538, it was known for a rotor shear operating in this way to synchronize the forward running and the reversing movement with one another, but without relating the time for the forward running and the reversing movement to load data of the machine. According to DE 34 12 306 C2, a control device for protecting an electric motor drive, in particular a document shredder, is known, which monitors the drive and generates a signal when it is overloaded, which acts on the drive via a control unit. In order to protect the electrical and mechanical drive parts as much as possible, the problem is solved by a control indicator element with a plurality of light-emitting diodes, which is controlled in stages depending on the drive values supplied to the control indicator element, the signal being generated depending on the control of one or more stages, which is a reverse run , the so-called reversing, or disengaging the drive. This is an effective and practicable solution for document shredders, but it is not generally transferable for load-dependent monitoring of machines and is particularly applicable for shredding machines of the type described above. Finally, it is already known from DE 29 37 846 to specify a run-up time to a minimum speed in a machine for comminuting bulky material, so that the respective speeds of the cutting mechanism drive are monitored and the same is switched off from the forward or reverse run when it is has not reached the relevant minimum speed within the specified times. This means that no load-dependent monitoring can be implemented by recognizing the type of load, in order to distinguish between comminutable and non-comminutable feed.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is generally based on the object of automatically monitoring the system of elements of a machine by means of mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and / or electronic components for generating information for protecting the machine and depending on the load, and from both an economic and constructive point of view Dimension machine elements optimally. This problem is also the problem with crushing machines of the above-mentioned type, despite the crushing process of disruptive parts of the feed material, which lead to jerky, extremely high loads, to recognize the type of load on the machine, to continue operating the machine without disruptions, and in the process to reduce crushable and non-crushable feed material Distinguish, machine-related load, pressure, travel, time, sound and / or temperature-dependent measured variables to be recorded and evaluated.

According to the invention the object is achieved by the features of claims 1 to 28. In testing, the invention surprisingly showed the advantageous effect that automatic monitoring for effective, highly efficient machine operation can be implemented and the functional parts of the machine can be optimally dimensioned, that is to say the design-related use of materials can be minimized.

When using the invention for rotor shears, it is particularly advantageous that the invention controls the composition of the material to be shredded to protect and secure subsequent processes, such as e.g. the processing and recycling of shredded paper, shredded plastics and other materials that are then free of disruptive materials such as heavy parts made of ferrous metals is guaranteed.

Brief description of the drawings

Show in the accompanying drawings

1 shows the diagram of a method variant according to the invention for a rotor shear, illustrated by means of the curves according to the machine load and the direction of rotation with a schematic representation of the removal of a non-comminutable part

2 shows the diagram of a further method variant according to the invention for a rotor shear, illustrated on the basis of analogous conditions according to FIG. 1,

3 shows a device for carrying out the method for a rotor shear in a schematic representation,

Fig. 4 shows a further device for performing the method for a rotor shear in a schematic representation

Fig. 5 shows a third device for performing the method for a rotor shear in a schematic representation.

Best way to carry out the invention

The invention is illustrated using exemplary embodiments of a basic type. 1 and 2 show the method according to the invention using curve profiles in a coordinate system over the respective P-axis (pressure) and the respective t-axis (time) and the resulting kinematic processes with regard to the direction of rotation (arrows) of the cutting disks 8 ( 3, 4 and 5) a rotor shear including the removal of the heavy parts.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the gradient of the rate of increase of the machine load over the pressure increase is detected as a function of an adjustable, time-differentiated combination of measured variables M1, M2. When the feed material can be shredded, machine operation runs in the shredding direction of rotation of the rotor shear. When the shredded feed material and the resulting gradient of a relatively low rate of increase of the load up to Pmax, the drive first reverses, after which the cutting disks 8 rotate in the opposite direction (arrows) shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, and then again to take the original direction for the crushing movement. In the case of apparently non-crushable feed material, due to the gradient of a relatively high rate of increase in the load - after a possible reversal - the crushing process is first interrupted, the non-crushable feed material is thrown out and then the normal, comminuted movement sequence is continued. The process can also be varied so that reversing is not absolutely necessary, but with a hydraulic motor drive the pressure is built up statically from standstill and without pressure, and the shredding process is started up slowly or steadily in order to then either shred the material or ( again) that it is ultimately not crushable. It is essential here that the detection of the gradient is below the set value Pmax. Practical tests have shown that the peak value of the machine load shown here in FIG. 1 at M2 can also be above Pmax.

According to FIG. 2, according to a further variant of the method according to the invention, the sequence is controlled such that when a first measured variable M1 at Pmax and accumulation of feed material that can be comminuted is reached, first a reversing movement of the drive, then a subsequent further movement for comminution, is initiated then, if an adjustable second measured variable is exceeded due to the presence of non-comminutable feed, the comminution process - after a possible reversal - first of all to abort, remove the non-comminutable feed and then continue in normal operation of a comminution.

3, 4 and 5 show three basic solution variants of devices for carrying out the method. In these, the cutting rotors 8 of a rotor shear (not shown) with the hydraulic drive, such as the hydraulic motor 7, and the torque arm 1 are shown as effective elements for the reduction of the load data, which are essential for the principle of the invention.

According to FIG. 3, corresponding forces F1, F2, F3, F4 are derived, in part according to one of the described methods of the Roror scissor load. measured and evaluated or formed. For this purpose, the torque arm 1 is articulated on a piston rod 2 of a hydraulic cylinder 3 to absorb the force F1 from the rotary movement of the rotor shears. A spring 4 for generating the force F2, which counteracts the force F1, is arranged between the torque arm 1 and the hydraulic cylinder. A hydraulic connection 5 to a reservoir-like container 6 is connected downstream of the piston chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 3. This can optionally be filled to ensure the required prestress as a base pressure to ensure the prestress and generate a prestressing force F3 which overlaps the force F2 and counteracts the force F1. Sensors (not shown) are accommodated in the hydraulic connection 5 for the generation of the measured variables M1, M2, in order to control the process of comminuting the rotor shear comminution process typical of the invention due to the temporal differentiation of these measured variables (FIG. 1).

In this device, the means for the forces F1, F2 and F3 described in this way form a damping system with damping forces F4 for generating a damping decrement.

Another variant of a device according to the invention according to FIG. 4 provides in the torque arm 1, which acts as a bending beam, a measuring element 1.1 such as strain gauges for measuring the deflection of the torque arm 1, which is connected to a measuring amplifier 1.2. Alternatively, the torque arm 1 can also be supported as a further measuring element 1.3 with the interposition of a piezo element connected to another measuring amplifier 1.4, which measuring elements 1.1, 1.3 measure the force F1 corresponding to the rotor shear load.

The first 1.2 or the second measuring amplifier 1.4 evaluates the machine load according to FIGS. 1 and 2 to generate the measured variables M1, M2 and / or the gradient of the speed of the load increase in order to determine the kinematic sequence of the operation of the rotor shears - according to the method as described above - to control.

Finally, according to FIG. 5, a device according to the invention can also lead to the implementation of the method if, between the hydraulic motor 7 and a hydraulic pump 9, a pressure sensor 7.1 for recording the gradient of the speed Discharge of the load is provided and the process sequence according to the invention is influenced via a control 7.2.

Industrial applicability

The method and corresponding devices according to the invention can be used particularly effectively in practice with installed software, in order to ultimately operate the machine - such as rotor shears - with on the one hand optimized comminution of bulky goods and on the other hand disposal of non-comminutable feed material in a highly efficient and gentle manner .

Reference list

1 = torque arm

1.1 = first measuring element

1.2 = first measuring amplifier

1.3 = second measuring element / piezo element

1.4 = second measuring amplifier

2 = piston rod

3 = hydraulic cylinder

4 = spring

5 = hydraulic connection

6 = memory-like container

7 = hydraulic motor

7.1 = pressure sensor

7.2 = control

8 = cutting disc

9 = hydraulic pump

F1 force (reaction)

F2 force (action)

F3 = preload

F4 = damping force

M1 = first measured variable

M2 = second measured variable

Pmax = set load value

Claims

claims

1. Method for automatically monitoring a system of elements of a machine and generating information for protecting the machine by means of mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and / or electronic components by recording machine-related load, pressure, travel, time, Sound and / or temperature-dependent measured variables, in particular for comminution machines, preferably rotor shears, characterized in that the machine load is recorded as a function of at least one measured variable (M1, M2) and the kinematic sequence of the machine is then controlled.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that

a) at least one force (F1, F2, F3, F4) corresponding to the machine load is derived, measured and evaluated,

b) when reaching and / or exceeding adjustable measurement variables (M1, M2), the kinematic sequence of the system is changed by elements of the machine, where

c) the stress of at least one machine element is recorded.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measured variables (M1, M2) detect or represent the rate of increase of the machine load.

4.Procedure for the automatic, load-dependent monitoring of machine elements of a rotor shear comminuting in the forward run and in the reverse run, the so-called reversing movement, which separates disruptive parts of the feed material to distinguish between comminutable and non-comminutable feed material and generation of information for the course of the comminution process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a) a force (F1) corresponding to the load on the rotor shears is derived, which counteracts a force (F2) which is superimposed by a prestressing force (F3) and a damping force (F4) is formed, b) as a function of the measured variables (M1, M2, Fig. 1), the rate of increase of the machine load is recorded, a distinction is made therefrom between comminutable or non-comminutable material, and then machine operation is continued with comminutable material, and when the comminutable material is accumulated, first a reversing movement of the drive and then a subsequent further movement for comminution can be initiated, with the comminution process being interrupted first if the material to be comminuted cannot be comminuted.

c) the stress on at least one element of the comminution machine is reduced by damping a jerky / shock-like or vibration-related load in the comminution process caused by the non-comminutable feed material while ensuring a preload which can be set in the damping system and

d) the adjustable pressure-dependent measured variables are influenced by damping.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in the case of non-comminutable feed, the comminution process is first terminated before the nominal load is exceeded.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that when an adjustable, load, pressure and / or path-dependent first measured variable (M1, Fig. 2) when accumulating shredded feed material first a reversing movement of the drive, then a subsequent further movement be initiated for the comminution and when an adjustable, pressure-dependent at least second measured variable (M2), which is independent of the first measured variable (M1), the comminution process is first interrupted by non-comminutable feed material.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the setting of the bias depends on the shape, size or material properties of the feed material to be shredded.

8. The method according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that after the drive has been stopped for releasing the non-comminutable feed material, a reversing movement takes place as a function of a defined value of a defined third, unidentified measured variable.

9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that after the reversing movement, at least one new movement is initiated for the comminution and the dissolved feed material is fed back to the comminution process.

10. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one reversal of the drive takes place with a subsequent further comminution process.

11. The method according to claim 8 or 10, characterized in that the third measurement variable is formed as a function of the angle of rotation of the main shafts of the rotor shears, not shown.

12. The method according to claim 8 or 10, characterized in that the third measurement variable is formed as a function of / a route / path.

13. The method according to claim 8 or 10, characterized in that the third measured variable is formed as a function of time.

14. The method according to claim 4 and / or 8, characterized in that after releasing the non-comminutable feed, the non-comminutable feed is removed from the comminution process as a function of a defined value of a fourth measured variable, not designated.

15. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that after repeated reversing of the drive in the case of unsuccessful shredding of the feed material, the feed material is removed from the shredding process as a function of an adjustable number of shredding attempts.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by the use of a computer-aided program to exercise the process features in dependence on the measured variables of the machine load for controlling the kinematic sequence of the machine process and the comminution process.

17. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, consisting of known mechanical, hydraulic and / or electronic components, characterized by means for detecting the measured variables (M1, M2) for measuring the machine load.

18. Device according to claim 17, characterized by means for the temporal differentiation of the measured variables (M1, M2) for measuring the rate of increase of the machine load.

19. Device according to claim 17, characterized by

a) first means for transmitting a force (F1) derived from the machine and corresponding to the machine load,

b) second means for generating a force (F2) which counteracts the force (F1),

c) third means for transmitting a prestressing force (F3) which can be derived from the prestressing, which superimposes the force (F2) and counteracts the force (F1), wherein

d) these means represent a damping system with damping forces (F4) for generating a damping decrement and

e) fourth means for generating the measured variables (M1, M2) for influencing the kinematic sequence of the operation of the machine.

20. Device according to claim 19 for monitoring the operation in particular of a hydraulically driven shredding machine, preferably rotor shears, characterized by

a) a torque arm (1) for absorbing forces (F1) from rotary movements of the shredding machine, which is articulated on a piston rod (2) of a hydraulic cylinder (3),

b) a spring (4) for generating the force (F2),

c) at least one hydraulic connection (5) between the piston chamber or piston and annulus of a hydraulic cylinder (3) to a memory-like Container (6), which can optionally be filled to ensure the required pre-tension (base pressure) to ensure the pre-tension,

d) a hydraulic connection between the piston chamber or piston and annulus of the hydraulic cylinder (3) to a supply system, not shown, for adjusting the preload (base pressure),

e) at least one sensor, not shown, for generating signals for transfer into an evaluation device, not shown, for at least one measured variable (M1), at least one value for changing the kinematic sequence of the comminution machine is generated, and at least one further measured variable (M2), which is independent of the first or differentiated in time, and which initially interrupts the shredding process and indicates this.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that instead of the hydraulic components acting pneumatic are used.

22. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that instead of the sensor at least one pressure switch, not shown, is used.

23. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized by auxiliary units, not shown, for adjusting the preload (base pressure).

24. Device for carrying out a reversing and / or cutting movement of a rotor shear for comminuting bulky waste with two counter-rotating, intermeshing cutting rotors mounted parallel to one another in a housing, each consisting of a plurality of rotor disks lined up at a distance and provided with cutting teeth exist according to claim 20, characterized in that for performing the reversing movement, a hydraulic cylinder connected to the torque arm (1), the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder depending on the size of the reversing angle, for example 30 ° - 60 °, a rotor of the rotor shear adjustable, while of the reversing process, the pressure and / or suction line of a hydraulic drive is shut off or the torque arm (1) is non-positively and / or positively connected to the shaft of the rotor shears, not shown.

25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the torque on the torque arm (1) can be determined according to the dimensioning of the hydraulic cylinder.

26. Device according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that a large torque for short cutting movements is additionally available.

27. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that in a rotor shear on a torque support (1) at least one measuring element (1.1, 1.3) is attached to measure the machine load and is connected to a measuring amplifier (1.2, 1.4).

28. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that in a rotor shear with a drive by hydraulic motor (7) a pressure rise detecting and time differentiated measured variables (M1, M2) generating pressure sensor (7.1) is provided for measuring the rate of increase of the machine load, which is connected to a control (7.2) for influencing the kinematic sequence of the operation of the rotor shears.