EP1803501B1 - Comminuting apparatus having reduced number of bearings - Google Patents

Abstract

A high-pole rotary current synchronous motor (100) links directly to a crushing shaft (20) with shaft bearing devices (25,26;28,29). Over its working area on its periphery, the crushing shaft operates as a motorized shaft and has crushing tools (21) that work together with a counter device (22) for crushing material to be processed.

Description

The invention relates to a crushing device for waste and / or production residues comprising a drive device with a high-pole three-phase synchronous motor, which is directly connected to a, at least one shaft bearing device having crushing shaft, the crushing shaft has over its work area at its periphery crushing tools with an antidote cooperate to crush the material to be processed.

Such crushing devices are used for example for crushing wood, paper, plastic, rubber, textiles, production residues or waste from industry and commerce, but also for crushing bulky waste, household waste, paper and DSD collections and hospital waste, etc. The material to be crushed is comminuted by the interaction of the crushing shaft with a fixed or movable antidote by cutting, shearing, crushing, tearing and / or rubbing.

A generic device is in the German patent DE 103 33 359 B3 described. By using a high-pole three-phase synchronous motor (torque motor) in the drive device, a high torque can be provided at a relatively low speed. The abandonment of a transmission reduces the moment of inertia of the drive device. As a result, the risk of damage in the drive itself or on the crushing shaft in a sudden blockage of the rotor, which is caused for example by a foreign body in the crushing reduced. Under certain circumstances, it is therefore possible to dispense with conventional protective measures such as disengagement clutches, slip clutches or shear bolt couplings. Shocks caused during operation are damped in the magnetic field of the synchronous motor and reach at most reduced on the drive housing. Due to the small number of machine elements, the overall efficiency of the drive is very low, which energy can be saved. The small number of machine elements also has the consequence that the maintenance costs are reduced.

The invention has the object of developing a generic crushing device so that its structure is further simplified.

This object is achieved by the invention in a surprisingly simple way already by a crushing device with the features of claim 1. Here, the crushing device according to the invention is characterized in that the crushing shaft extends axially into the three-phase synchronous motor and the at least one shaft bearing device of the crushing shaft at least in sections is enclosed by the synchronous motor.

By the specified structural measure is achieved that the crushing shaft in the crushing device according to the invention, the function of a motor shaft at least partially takes over and thus at least one shaft bearing can be saved.

A three-phase synchronous motor used to drive the device according to the invention has a large number of poles to provide high torque and low ground speed. Preferably, three-phase synchronous motors with more than eight poles, more preferably more than sixteen poles, very advantageously more than twenty-two poles can be used. The pole numbers of the synchronous motor indicated as being advantageous are particularly suitable for a mains frequency of 50 Hz.

Since the three-phase synchronous motor is directly connected to the crushing shaft, both have the same direction of rotation and the same rotational speed. In this respect, no torque and / or force transmitting drive element rotates faster than the crushing shaft. This connection between the engine and crushing shaft can be rigid or elastic.

In the comminution device according to the invention, the synchronous motor at least in sections encloses a shaft bearing device of the comminution shaft. In this respect, the bearing is circumferentially surrounded at least over a portion of its axial extent by radially outer engine parts such as the stator device (110) and / or the rotor device.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

It may be expedient if an electrical supply device controlled by a control device comprises a frequency converter to the output of which the synchronous motor is connected, so that the rotational speed of the comminution shaft can be set in a simple manner to the respective operating conditions. Furthermore, over the entire speed range the maximum torque can be provided, which facilitates, for example, the start-up phase or the device can be started even under load. In this case, the device according to the invention can be controlled so that while maintaining a maximum torque in response to operating conditions, the speed is adjusted or in response to operating conditions, the torque is adjusted.

It may be expedient if the comminution shaft protruding into the synchronous motor is designed as a motor shaft in this area and connected to the rotor device, i. is connected to the rotor of the synchronous motor. As a result, the motor shaft and the associated motor shaft bearings can be saved, since the function of the motor shaft is taken over by the comminution shaft. The coupling of the rotor device with the comminuting shaft can be advantageously designed as a detachable connection device. In this case, both a non-positive and a positive connection type can be used. This connection may be axial, radial and circumferential, i. to be rigid in the polar direction. In order to reduce the mechanical load on the components, however, it is also possible to provide an elastic coupling between the comminution shaft and the rotor device, in particular a torsionally flexible connection. The connection or coupling can advantageously be set up for transmission, but not for the conversion of torques.

The provision of an otherwise conventional torque support for the derivation of the drive and reaction moments on the housing of the comminution device according to the invention can be omitted if the stator of the synchronous motor is connected to the machine housing of the comminution device. This further reduces the component costs for the comminution device according to the invention.

The crushing device can be operated with a variety of three-phase synchronous motors. For example, the rotor field may be provided either by the use of a permanent magnet device, but it is also possible to provide the rotor with a field winding device in which a direct current flows. In this case, the rotor device may comprise an external rotor, which cooperates with a rotating field of an inner stator of the synchronous motor. In other embodiments, however, it is also possible that the rotor device comprises an internal rotor which cooperates with a rotating field of an external stator of the synchronous motor. Particularly advantageous because of the high torque that can be generated is the use of a rotor device of the synchronous motor which has a double rotor, i. two rotor devices which are radially spaced. In a particularly preferred embodiment, both excitation fields of the double rotor are generated by permanent magnet devices. This rotor device is arranged between a stator device, which comprises an inner stator and an outer stator, wherein the double rotor cooperates with a rotating field of the inner stator and with a rotating field of the outer stator for driving the crushing shaft.

A particularly compact design results when the entire axial extension of the shaft bearing device is arranged in the interior of the synchronous motor. In this case, the shaft bearing device is enclosed by radially outer parts of the synchronous motor, such as the stator device and / or the rotor.

If the stator device extends axially as far as the machine housing of the comminution device, the former can be connected directly to the machine housing to accommodate the reaction moments.

To record reaction moments on the at least partially enclosed by the synchronous motor shaft bearing, it can be provided that the shaft bearing of the crushing shaft has a bearing housing which is rigidly connected to the machine housing of the crushing shaft. It may be expedient if the crushing shaft extends axially through the bearing housing and the bearing housing projecting portion of the shaft is connected to the rotor means of the synchronous motor.

It may be expedient if the common bearing of the comminution shaft and rotor of the synchronous motor is arranged approximately centrally to the axial extent of the rotor. Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the bearing device is arranged as close as possible to the machine housing, to which it can be fastened for receiving the reaction moments. The proximity of the bearing device to the machine housing has the advantage that thus the lever arms and thus the unavoidable bending moments can be kept low.

Even when using a stiff as possible crushing shaft occurring during operation, changing bending moments lead to corresponding alternating elastic deformations of the shaft in the form of a deflection of the shaft. Although it may be advantageous to achieve a high efficiency of the motor to provide the smallest possible air gap between the rotor device and the stator of the synchronous motor, the described elastic deflection of the shaft can prevent the setting of a small air gap during operation, otherwise rotor and stator in the Operation would touch. However, when the shaft bearing device or the bearing housing is mounted substantially centrally of the extension of the rotor, the influences of the deformation of the crushing shaft on the synchronous motor can be minimized, so that With such a design of a comminution device according to the invention, an extremely small air gap of, for example, 1 to 2 mm between the rotor device and the stator device can be maintained. In such a design, the changes in the air gap in the operation of the crushing device are the lowest, with the largest changes of the air gap occur at the axially front and rear end of the rotor.

In an inventive crushing device designed for high mechanical loads can be provided that the synchronous motor and the crushing shaft are rigidly interconnected and together have two spaced-apart shaft bearing devices. It may be expedient if the two shaft bearing devices are arranged on the outside of the machine housing of the comminution shaft and the respective bearing housing is connected to these for receiving reaction moments. In this respect, the storage facilities are accessible from the outside, which facilitates the maintenance.

It has proven to be expedient to provide a fixed / movable bearing when using two shaft bearing devices for supporting the component resulting from the coupling of the comminution shaft and the synchronous motor. In view of the high mechanical load on the crushing shaft, it may be appropriate, for example, as a floating bearing rolling bearing in floating bearing assembly with high radial load capacity and as a fixed bearing to provide a rolling bearing in a fixed bearing assembly that withstands the highest axial and radial loads. In order to ensure that the relative positions of the stator device and the rotor device of the synchronous motor remain as stable as possible in both the axial and radial directions, it may be expedient to provide the bearing for the shaft in the region of the motor, for example the bearing already specified in a fixed bearing arrangement ,

In order to increase the torque provided for the comminution process, it may be provided that not one but two such three-phase synchronous motors are used to drive a single comminuting shaft. In each case, a shaft bearing device can expediently be arranged at both ends of the comminution shaft, wherein both ends of the comminuting shaft are respectively connected to the rotor device of one of the two three-phase synchronous motors for driving the comminuting shaft as described above. The inventive principle that the shaft bearing device is at least partially surrounded or enclosed by the respective associated synchronous motor can be implemented for both shaft bearing devices. The electric control or electrical supply of the motors must then take place in such a way that the rotors of both motors rotate at the same speed.

As an antidote to cooperation with the crushing tools when crushing the material to be processed, for example, a fixed relative to the shredding on the crushing tools fixed, one-piece knife cross with attached thereto knife or a plurality of relative to the mounted on the shaft crushing tools fixed counter knives use , In addition, the antidote may also be designed to be movable. In particular, it may be expedient if an adjacent comminution shaft is provided as an antidote for a comminution shaft, so that the adjacent comminution shafts mutually provide the respective antidote for comminuting the material to be processed. This principle can also be applied to three or even more juxtaposed crushing waves, wherein in a juxtaposition of several crushing waves to the respective outer a fixed antidote be provided can. In a comminution device according to the invention, which has a plurality of comminution shafts, it may be advantageous if at least two of the comminution shafts have one of the above-described couplings of comminution shafts and three-phase synchronous motor according to the invention implemented. In this respect, it is also within the scope of the invention, for example, to provide two comminution shafts for a comminuting device which mutually provide the countermeasure for comminuting the material to be processed, both comminution shafts being driven in the manner described by at least one three-phase synchronous motor.

In particular, in applications that cause a reduced mechanical stress of the crushing shaft or the bearing, it may be advantageous to avoid the design effort to store a crushing shaft at one of its two ends free-flying. As a result, the distance to the three-phase synchronous motor shaft bearings can be saved. However, if two three-phase synchronous motors are to be provided for a comminuting shaft, an associated shaft bearing device must be used for each of the motors.

Fig. 1a

eine erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in einer Aufsicht,

Fig. 1b

die in Fig. 1a gezeigte Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht mit teilweise aufgebrochenem Maschinengehäuse,

Fig. 1c

die in Fig. 1a gezeigte Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in einer Frontansicht,

Fig. 2

in einer Prinzipskizze im Querschnitt eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung,

Fig. 3

in einer Prinzipskizze im Querschnitt eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung und

Fig. 4

in einer Prinzipskizze im Querschnitt eine dritte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung

zeigt.The invention will be described below by describing some embodiments and other essential features of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein

Fig. 1a

a comminution device according to the invention in a plan view,

Fig. 1b

in the Fig. 1a shown shredding device in a side view with partially broken machine housing,

Fig. 1c

in the Fig. 1a shown crushing device in a front view,

Fig. 2

in a schematic diagram in cross-section a first embodiment of a crushing device according to the invention,

Fig. 3

in a schematic diagram in cross section, a second embodiment of a crushing device according to the invention and

Fig. 4

in a schematic diagram in cross section, a third embodiment of a crushing device according to the invention

shows.

In the Figures 1a - 1c is an exemplary inventive crushing device 1, as can be used for example for waste such as wood, paper or plastics, presented in different perspectives. While Fig. 1a the device in a plan view is in Fig. 1b a side view with partially broken machine housing and in Fig. 1c a front view of the invention designed crushing device. This has a housing 10 through which a crushing shaft 20 extends. For storage of the crushing shaft 20, a bearing housing 26 is arranged on the outside of the machine housing 10 outside, which is rigidly connected to the machine housing of the crushing device and serves as the first storage location for the crushing shaft. At the other end of the shaft, a three-phase synchronous motor 100 is in turn externally connected to the housing 10, being integrated into the motor in the manner described below second bearing of the shaft is arranged. The comminution shaft 20 has over its work area, which is defined in the example given by wall sections 16 of the housing, on its periphery comminution tools in the form of cutting crowns 21. The crushing space is defined by the table 17 and the wall sections 16. The comminution tools cooperate with a fixed counter-means in the form of a knife cross-piece 22a, to which a knife 22 is fastened, for comminuting the material to be processed, see Fig. 1b ,

The comminuted material falls from above into the comminuting space defined by the wall sections 16 on the table surface 17 and is subsequently fed to the comminution tools by a slide 24 movable horizontally by means of the hydraulic drive 23. After the slider 24 has reached its, the crusher shaft nearest operating position, this is retracted again by means of the hydraulic drive, whereby further crushed material falls on the table 17, which is subsequently moved after the reversal of the movement of the slider in the direction of the crushing shaft. The shredded good falls in relation to the Fig. 1a shown top down and is removed from there, for example by means of a tape.

As is apparent from the figures, no torque arm for the derivation of reaction torque from the engine to the machine housing is necessary, since the motor rests directly on the machine housing 10 and is fixed thereto, without the need for another component such as torque arm must be provided.

As explained in more detail below, the comminution shaft extends axially into the three-phase synchronous motor and is rigidly connected there to the rotor of the motor in the described embodiment. In the example given, the high-pole three-phase synchronous motor, also referred to as a torque motor, has 24 poles. The motor is connected in a manner not shown to the output of a controlled by a control device electrical supply device, which in turn is itself connected to a conventional 3-phase network with usual mains frequency of 50 - 60 Hz. The control device comprises a frequency converter, wherein the rotational state of the motor and thus the rotational state of the comminution shaft is detected and passed on to the control device. The controller can be supplied via additional input lines additional information, in particular about the state of the processed material to be processed and used by this to control the motor. The frequency converter operates in a conventional manner, by generating from the 3-phase AC power from the grid by means of a rectifier bridge DC and then converted by means of an inverter in a 3-phase alternating current with variable frequency and voltage, with the then Three-phase synchronous motor is powered. Depending on the operating situation of the frequency converter is controlled by the controller for setting a certain output voltage, an associated output current and / or frequency, so in the present example, the engine speed, ie the speed of the crushing shaft between 1 - 340 1 / min. can be adjusted.

Fig. 2 shows in a schematic diagram for a first embodiment, the relative arrangement of shaft bearing, crushing shaft, housing and three-phase synchronous motor in a cross-sectional view. This corresponds essentially to a section along the line AA in the illustration of Fig. 1a , The comminution shaft 20 extends on both sides through the housing 10, wherein on the left side in the illustration, a bearing housing 26 by means of a screw 29th is firmly connected to the housing 10, on which a rolling bearing is supported in movable bearing assembly 25 in which the shaft 20 is mounted. In the interior of the housing, ie on the work area of the crushing shaft has the latter crushing tools 21. With the other end, the shaft 20 also extends through the housing 10 and protrudes therefrom, see Fig. 2 , right side. A 24-pole three-phase synchronous motor 100 is arranged adjacent to the housing 10. The motor rests with its stator 110 directly on the housing 10 and is coupled thereto by means of a rigid connection 111. With the housing 10 via a further rigid connection 29, a bearing housing 28 is further connected, which is arranged radially inwardly of the stator 110 and thus is enclosed by the engine. The bearing housing 28 holds a roller bearing in the bearing assembly 27, here a spherical roller bearing, through which the shaft 20 extends. Depending on the embodiment, the shaft 20 extends only a few centimeters beyond the bearing 27 and is connected via a rigid shaft-rotor coupling 30 to a section of the rotor 123 which extends approximately perpendicularly to the axis. In the example given, the coupling is carried out by a simple screw connection. In this respect, this shaft-rotor coupling is designed in the form of a rigid disc clutch. This rotor 120 is formed as an external rotor to the stator 110 and has in the example given to provide the exciter field on a permanent magnet device 122, which cooperates with the rotating field of the stator winding 114. Due to the fact that the comminution shaft extends into the motor 100 as described, the otherwise customary motor shaft and thus also the corresponding motor shaft bearing can be dispensed with.

In one embodiment, not shown, the bearing disposed within the motor is located centrally within the axial extent of the rotor, whereby the influences due to the deformation of the crushing shaft on the engine in operation are minimized.

In the in Fig. 2 As shown, the permanent magnet device 122 is arranged radially outward of the stator 110. The gap 115 between the rotor and the stator can be set very small, for example, a few millimeters due to the use of the fixed bearing 27, which can accommodate in particular high radial forces. The motor housing 105 is also connected via a rigid connection 106 to the machine housing 10 of the comminution device 1.

Another embodiment is in Fig. 3 represented essentially in two features from the in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment differs. Fig. 3 shows a crushing shaft as part of a crushing device according to the invention, in which two symmetrically constructed and symmetrically operated three-phase synchronous motors 100 are arranged. The shaft 20 in turn extends into the respective synchronous motor so that it is surrounded radially by the stator 110 and the rotor 120. In terms of in Fig. 2 shown device are identical components provided with the same reference numerals. The construction of three-phase synchronous motors in FIG. 3 to that of the in Fig. 2 The only difference is that in FIG. 3 the motor is equipped with an inner rotor, so that the stator 110 is arranged radially outside the rotor 120. The arrangement of the bearing housing or the bearing relative to the machine housing or to the engine is identical to that in Fig. 2 specified embodiment. Insofar is also at the in FIG. 3 illustrated embodiment, one of the two shaft bearings designed as a floating bearing and the other as a fixed bearing to the unavoidable manufacturing tolerances to take into account the deformations during crushing due to bending moments and thermal expansion in operation. Due to the inner rotor 120, the cover of the respective motor via a screw 107 at be attached to the stator 110, which is itself coupled via the rigid connection 111 with the machine housing 10.

As already to the in Fig. 2 indicated inventive crushing device, it can also in the Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment, to arrange the shaft bearing disposed within the respective motor centered to the axial extent of the rotor in order to minimize the effects of occurring during operation deformations of the crushing shaft on the engine. As a result, the air gap 115 between the rotor and stator can be set very low, for example, 1 to 2 mm.

A further embodiment of a comminuting device 1 according to the invention is shown Fig. 4 , The storage and coupling of the crushing shaft 20 to the machine housing 10 by means of the rolling bearing in floating bearing assembly (left side of Fig. 4 ) is identical to the one in Fig. 2 In this regard, reference is made in this regard to the corresponding explanation. The in Fig. 4 shown three-phase synchronous motor of the crushing device is designed as a double-rotor motor and accordingly has an inner and an outer permanent magnet means 122, 121 which form excitation fields, which cooperate with the corresponding rotating fields of the stator 110. This has an inner stator 112 and an outer stator 113, which each cause the exciter fields associated rotating fields. Again, the same components are in relation to the illustration in FIG Fig. 2 provided with the same reference numerals. The arrangement of the bearing housing 28 and the bearing 27 in a fixed bearing arrangement within the motor 100 or its position relative to the housing 10 is identical to the in Fig. 2 illustrated situation. In the Fig. 4 described embodiment is characterized by a particularly high torque. In one embodiment, not shown, such a double rotor three-phase synchronous motor also to the other end of the crushing shaft be coupled, similar to the in Fig. 3 specified embodiment. Also at the in Fig. 4 specified embodiment can of course be provided to arrange both bearings axially centered to the rotor.

The comminution devices indicated in the figures each have a single comminution shaft. In one embodiment, not shown, a plurality, in particular two crushing shafts are provided, which extend parallel to each other and each other by the respective arranged at its periphery comminution tools provide the antidote for crushing the material to be processed. These embodiments may be designed, as in the examples described in the figures, such that one or two three-phase synchronous motors are arranged on a single comminution shaft as described.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

comminution device

10

Machine housing of the crushing device

16

wall section

17

table

20

crushing wave

21

chopping tool

22

knife

22a

knife Traverse

23

hydraulic drive

24

pusher

25

Rolling bearings in floating bearing arrangement

26

bearing housing

27

Rolling bearings in fixed bearing arrangement

28

bearing housing

29

screw

30

Shaft-rotor coupling

100

Three-phase synchronous motor

105

Crankcase / engine cover

106

screw

107

screw

110

Stator, stator device

111

screw

112

internal stator

113

outer stator

114

stator

115, 115a, 115b

gap

120

Runner, rotor device

121

Outer permanent magnet device

122

Inner permanent magnet device

123

Runner connection section

Claims (13)

1. Comminuting apparatus (1) for waste material and/or production waste, comprising a driving device with a multi-pole three-phase synchronous motor (100) which is directly connected to a comminuting shaft (20) comprising at least one shaft bearing device (25, 26; 28, 29), said comminuting shaft (20) having comminuting tools (21) in its working area on the circumference thereof which cooperate with counter means (22) for comminuting the material to be treated, characterized in that the comminuting shaft (20) axially extends into the three-phase synchronous motor (100) and that the at least one shaft bearing device (25, 26; 28, 29) is enclosed by the synchronous motor (100), at least in sections.
2. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the comminuting shaft (20) extending into the synchronous motor (100) is designed as a motor shaft and is connected to a rotor device (120) of the synchronous motor.
3. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor device (120) of the synchronous motor is connected to the comminuting shaft (20) via a detachable connection device (30).
4. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stator (110) of the synchronous motor (100) is connected to the machine housing (10) of the comminuting apparatus (1).
5. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotor device (120) includes an external rotor which cooperates with a rotary field of an internal stator (112) of the synchronous motor (100).
6. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotor device (120) includes an internal rotor which cooperates with a rotary field of an external stator (113) of the synchronous motor (100).
7. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the rotor device (120) includes a double rotor which cooperates with the rotary field of an internal stator (112) and with the rotary field of an external stator (113) of the synchronous motor (100).
8. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the shaft bearing device (25, 26; 28, 29) of the comminuting shaft (20) which is enclosed by the synchronous motor (100) at least in sections, is axially arranged approximately in the center of the stator (110).
9. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shaft bearing device (25, 26 ; 28, 29) of the comminuting shaft (20) which is enclosed by the synchronous motor (100) at least in sections, comprises a bearing case which is rigidly connected to the machine housing (10) of the comminuting apparatus (1).
10. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the synchronous motor (100) and the comminuting shaft (20) are rigidly connected to each other and together include two mutually spaced shaft bearing devices (25, 26 ; 28, 29).
11. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the region of the two ends of the comminuting shaft (20), a respective shaft bearing device (25, 26 ; 28, 29) is arranged and two driving devices with a respective three-phase synchronous motor (100) are provided, each of the two ends of the comminuting shaft (20) being rigidly connected to the rotor device (120) of one of the two three-phase synchronous motors (100) for driving the comminuting shaft (20), and the shaft bearing devices (25, 26; 28, 29) is enclosed by the respectively associated synchronous motor (100), at least in sections.
12. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized by a second comminuting shaft (20) which is disposed parallel to the first comminuting shaft and which has comminuting tools (21) on the circumference thereof which cooperate with those of the first comminuting shaft (20) for the provision of a counter means for comminuting the material to be treated, the second comminuting shaft (20) which comprises at least one shaft bearing device (25, 26; 28, 29) being directly connected to a multi-pole three-phase synchronous motor (100) of an additional driving device and extending axially into the three-phase synchronous motor (100), and the at least one shaft bearing device (25, 26; 28, 29) of the second comminuting shaft (20) being enclosed by the three-phase synchronous motor (100), at least in sections.
13. Comminuting apparatus (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 10 or 12, characterized in that the comminuting shaft (20) is supported in a free-floating manner at one end thereof.

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