Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
  • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
  • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
  • C05G5/18—Semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. foams or gels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a film-coated fertilizer comprising individually coated volumes of a nutrient-containing substance, the film covering the nutrient-containing substance containing a water-permeable polymer, a cellulose-containing material, a textile material, a lignocellulose material or a combination of two or more thereof, and a process for its production and a fertilizing process in which the film-coated fertilizer according to the invention is used.
• fertilizer granules which are coated with a layer of a polymer as the fertilizer.
• the increase in efficiency is brought about by the fact that the coated fertilizer releases the substances serving the plants as nutrients with a time lag and can thus develop its effect over a long period of time.
• Such slow release fertilizers are e.g. in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 5th ed., 1987, Vol. A10, pp. 363-369, and their advantages are described in Fert. Res. From 1993, Vol. 35, pp. 1-12.
• Shell-core systems of this type which can also contain fertilizers as the active ingredient, are described, inter alia, in EP-A-0 523 098 and in EP-A-0 381 181.
• Further fertilizers coated with biodegradable polymers are known for example from WO 95/03260. Disadvantages of these granulated fertilizers provided with a coating are the additional costs for their production and the great expense in storage due to the storage of large quantities of different fertilizers.
• different shell thicknesses result in a certain inaccuracy in the release of the nutrients due to irregular grain surfaces and a broad grain distribution within the fertilizers to be coated.
• US 4,224,048 describes a fertilizer in the form of a tube or a tube, which consists of polyvinyl alcohol or a water-swellable polymer. Within this tube or tube there are regular amounts of a nutrient-containing substance.
• This system has the disadvantage that the quantities of substance introduced during manufacture are not separated from one another, so that they can move freely within the tube and the substance quantities can thus be distributed unevenly.
• such a "hose” is a permanent obstacle to soil cultivation after being placed on or in the ground, since great care must be taken not to damage the "hose".
• An active ingredient body for fertilizing, soil improvement or the like which is characterized in that the ingredients therein are embedded or distributed in a carrier material made of rotting plastic, is described in DE-A 40 35 223.
• the only carrier materials described are water-impermeable carrier materials, from which the ingredient is only released when they rot. this has T / EP97 / 05353
• WO 91/01086 describes a very similar system in which the active ingredient is also only released after destruction.
• No. 4,845,888 describes a mulch film based on a water-soluble synthetic resin, which likewise contains a nutrient or active ingredient.
• a film also has the disadvantage that the film is first dissolved in a water-containing medium and then, when appropriate perforations or holes are formed, the active substance or nutrient present is released within a very short time.
• the release of the nutrients via diffusive or osmotic processes begins immediately after application to or in the soil or the substrate and is maintained for a defined period of time.
• the soil or substrate is permanently supplied with a sufficient, well-dosed amount of the nutrient that is adapted to the consumption of the respective plant.
• the present invention relates to a film-coated fertilizer comprising one or more individually coated volumes of 20 cm 3 or less of at least one nutrient-containing substance, the film covering the volumes of at least one nutrient-containing substance a water-permeable polymer, a cellulose-containing material, a textile material, a lignocellulose -Material or a combination of two or more of them.
• the water-permeable polymer is preferably biodegradable.
• films used according to the invention have is that they enable a culture-specific, needs-based release of the nutrient-containing substance.
• water-permeable used in the context of the present invention means that the films which can be used here and which have a water- 7/05353
• polymer films have water vapor permeabilities that are higher than that of polyethylene.
• the water vapor permeability of films made from the polymers which can be used according to the invention is preferably more than 1 g / (m 2 • day), measured on a 100 ⁇ m film at 25 ° C. and a moisture gradient of 90% against 0% relative humidity.
• the upper limit for the water vapor permeability of the polymer films which can be used according to the invention is preferably approximately 100 g / (m 2 • day).
• polymer films which have a particularly pronounced water vapor permeability or are practically water-soluble, such as starch, polysaccharides or polyvinyl alcohol, cannot be used, since these dissolve or decompose too quickly in the medium surrounding them and thus a controlled release in the sense of the present invention, ie cannot guarantee a longer-lasting discharge of the nutrients over a longer period of time corresponding to the needs of the plants.
• the polymers which can be used in the context of the present invention include in particular the following: aliphatic polyesters, in particular those based on aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms, or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 7 to 10 carbon atoms atoms, and preferably those with 8 carbon atoms, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, Acelain- acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, itaconic acid and maleic acid, as described for example in EP-A-572 682; Polyesters based on aromatic dicarboxylic acids, these generally having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably 8 carbon atoms, such as, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthoic acid and 1,5-naphthoic acid;
• Polyamides e.g. Polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 12 and polyamides 610, 612, and copolymers based on polyamides;
• Polyvinyl compounds e.g. Polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride as well as copolymers of styrene and dienes, e.g. Butadiene or styrene / acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymers;
• Poly (meth) acrylates such as polymethyl (meth) acrylate or polybutyl (meth) acrylate; Polycarbonates;
• Cellulose derivatives that have a water vapor permeability that is within the range defined above, e.g. Cellulose acetate or cellulose acetobutyrate; such as
• the molecular weights of the polymers used according to the invention must always be so high that it is possible to form films.
• the above-defined polyesters based on (cyclo) aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and copolyesters which contain structural units which are derived from both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid (derivatives) n are used, the latter being particularly preferred since these polyesters deliver good films, have sufficient water vapor permeability and are also biodegradable.
• biodegradable denotes the fact that the films disintegrate under environmental influences in a reasonable and verifiable period of time after use in accordance with the invention.
• the degradation takes place hydrolytically and / or oxidatively, but mostly through the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and algae.
• the degradation can also take place enzymatically, e.g. by Y. Tokiva and T. Suzuki in “Nature”, Vol. 270, pp. 76-78, 1977.
• the rate of biodegradation i.e. to vary the point in time by which the polyesters used according to the invention have essentially completely degraded.
• the copolyesters are biodegradable the faster the proportion of repeating units derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids.
• films containing a biodegradable copolyester (B) are used in the context of the present invention, which contains structural units which are derived from both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid (derivatives) and can be obtained by reacting a mixture which comprises:
• the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids which can be used to prepare the above copolyester (B) generally have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the correspondingly usable cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids are those with 7 to 10 carbon atoms and in particular those with 8 carbon atoms. In principle, however, dicarboxylic acids with a larger number of carbon atoms, i.e. with up to 30 carbon atoms.
• Examples include: malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid,fuginic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, suberic acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, diglycolic acid , Itaconic acid, ""”” «. , "
• ester-forming derivatives of the above-mentioned dicarboxylic acids include, in particular, the di-C r C 6 -alkyl esters, such as, for example, dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, dipentyl and dihexyl esters.
• the dicarboxylic acids or ester-forming derivatives thereof can be used individually or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
• Adipic acid or its ester-forming derivatives and sebacic acid or its ester-forming derivatives, in particular adipic acid or its ester-forming derivatives, are preferably used.
• the proportion of the (cyclo) aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or its ester-forming derivatives is generally about 10 to 95, preferably about 20 to about 50 and in particular about 25 to about 35 mol%, in each case based on the total amount of the components (all) to (al3 ).
• Aromatic dicarboxylic acids are generally those with 8 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably those with 8 carbon atoms. Examples include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthoic acid and 1,5-naphthoic acid as well as ester-forming derivatives thereof.
• the Di-C j -Cg alkyl esters, such as dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, dipentyl or dihexyl esters are particularly worth mentioning.
• aromatic dicarboxylic acids with a larger number of carbon atoms can also be used.
• the aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their ester-forming derivatives (al2) can be used individually or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
• the proportion of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids or ester-forming derivatives thereof is generally about 5 to about 90, preferably about 50 to about 80 and in particular about 65 to about 75 mol%, in each case based on the total amount of components (all) to (al3).
• the sulfonate group-containing compound (al3) used is usually an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfonate group-containing dicarboxylic acid or its ester-forming derivatives, preferably alkali metal salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid or mixtures thereof, in particular the sodium salt.
• the proportion of the compound (al3) containing sulfonate groups is 0 to approximately 10, preferably 0 to approximately 5 and in particular approximately 3 to approximately 5 mol%, in each case based on the total content of the components (all) to (al3).
• the compounds containing sulfonate groups can be used individually or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
• a dihydroxy compound or an amino alcohol or a mixture of two or more thereof is used as component (a2).
• component (a2) all diols or amino alcohols known in ester production can be used.
• alkanediols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms, or cycloalkanediols having 5 to 10 carbon atoms (a22) polyether diols, ie ether groups dihydroxy compounds, and (a23) amino alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and amino cycloalcohols having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2-, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl 1,6-hexanediol, in particular ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol); Cyclopentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 2,2,
• the molecular weight (Mn) of the polyethylene glycols which can be used is usually about 250 to about 8,000, preferably about 600 to about 3,000 g / mol;
• the dihydroxy compounds or amino alcohols can be used individually or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
• the molar ratio of (al) to (a2) is generally more preferred in the range of about 0.4: 1 to about 2.5: 1, preferably in the range of about 0.5: 1 to about 1.5: 1 from about 0.5: 1 to about - 13 -
• the molar ratios of (a1) to (a2) in the isolated copolyester are (if appropriate after removing the desired amount of excess component (a2)) from about 0.4: 1 to about 1.5: 1, preferably about 0.5: 1 up to about 1.2: 1 and in particular about 0.5: 1 to about 1: 1.
• chain extenders customary in the production of polyesters can be used as chain extenders (a3).
• the amount, if used, is from about 0.01 to about 10, preferably from about 0.05 to about 5, more preferably from about 0.07 to about 3, and especially from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight. -%, each based on the mixture (al).
• diisocyanates e.g. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, toluene-2,6-diisocyanate, 4,4'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and methylene bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexane), especially hexamethylene diisocyanate; trifunctional isocyanate compounds which may contain isocyanurate and / or biuret groups with a functionality not less than 3; Divinyl ethers, e.g.
• 2,2'-Bis (2-oxazoline), bis (2-oxazoline) methane, 1,2-bis (2-oxazolinyl) ethane, 1,3-bis (2-oxazolinyl) propane, 1 are particularly preferred , 4-bis (2-oxazolinyl) butane, 1,4-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene, 1,2-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene and 1,3-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene.
• the chain extenders (a3) can also be used as a mixture of two or more thereof.
• a compound having at least three groups (a4) capable of esterification or a mixture of two or more thereof, if present, can be used in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 20, preferably from about 1 up to about 10, particularly preferably from about 3 to about 7, and in particular from about 3 to about 5% by weight, in each case based on the mixture (al).
• the compounds used as compounds (a4) preferably contain 3 to 10 functional groups which are capable of forming ester bonds.
• Particularly preferred compounds (a4) have 3 to 6 functional groups of this type in the molecule, in particular 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups and / or carboxyl groups.
• Trifunctional and / or tetrafunctional carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof are particularly preferably used. Examples include: tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, trimethyl 353
• lolpropane trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, polyethertriols, glycerin, trimesic acid, trimellitic acid, anhydride, pyromellitic acid, dianhydride and hydroxy isophthalic acid.
• the melt viscosity By adding the chain extenders (a3) and / or the compounds (a4), for example, the melt viscosity, the intrinsic viscosity or the molecular weight can be changed in the desired manner, i.e. compared to polyesters to which none of the chain extenders (a3) and / or compounds (a4) have been added, the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight are increased accordingly, and the mechanical properties of the polyesters therefore vary according to the particular application.
• films containing a biodegradable copolyester (B1) containing structural units derived from both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid (derivatives) n can be obtained by reacting a mixture which comprises: (al) a mixture
• the copolyester has a viscosity number in the range from 5 to 450 g / ml (measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio 50/50) at a Concentration of 0.5 wt .-% copolyester at a temperature of 25 ° C) is used.
• p is preferably 1 to about 1000; r is preferably 1 or 2; and n is preferably 1 or 5.
• the content of hydroxycarboxylic acid (bl) in the mixture brought to reaction is preferably approximately 0.1 to 30% by weight, based on the mixture (a1).
• the preferred hydroxycarboxylic acid (b1) is glycolic acid, D-, L-, D, L-lactic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, its cyclic derivatives such as glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), D- , L-dilactide (3,6-dimethyl-l, 4-dioxane-2,5-dione), p-hydroxybenzoic acid and their oligomers and polymers such as 3-poly-hydroxybutyric acid, polyhydroxyvaleric acid, polylactide (for example as EcoPLA (from Cargill ))) and a mixture of 3-poly hydroxybutyric acid and polyhydroxyvaleric acid (the latter is available under the name Biopol from Zeneca), using the low molecular weight and cyclic derivatives defined above.
• cyclic derivatives such as glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), D- , L-dilactide (3,6
• copolyesters of the type defined above can be obtained in a manner known per se, the block structures consisting of the Copolyester (B) used according to the invention, which are each connected to one another via at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid unit (bl) (for T EP97 / 05353
• Copolyesters used with particular preference in the context of the present invention have the following composition with regard to components (all), (al2) and (a2), it having to be taken into account that these copolyesters can have sulfonic acid groups as well as components (a3) and (a4) defined chain extenders and / or compounds can contain.
• the values in brackets after the respective component correspond to the proportion of the components, expressed in mol%:
• They have a viscosity number in the range from approximately 5 to 450 g / ml, preferably approximately 100 to approximately 350 g / ml and in particular approximately 200 to approximately 350 g / ml, each measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio 50 / 50) at a concentration of 0.5% by weight of copolyester at a temperature of 25 ° C.
• a cellulose-containing material, a textile material or a lignocellulose material can be used as the film material.
• the cellulose-containing materials which can be used according to the invention as a film include paper and synthetic fiber pulps, the raw materials for the paper pulps being able to be obtained from wood, straw, reed, bamboo and bagasse.
• Usable synthetic fiber pulps are those based on cellulose chemical fibers or cellulose ethers and ester chemical fibers. Further details regarding the cellulose-containing materials which can be used according to the invention are described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition, vol. 17 (1979), pp. 531-631 under the keyword "paper", the content of which is described there materials containing cellulose are included in full in the context of the present application.
• a textile material can be used according to the invention as films.
• textile material as used in the context of the present application encompasses all sheet-like materials based on textile fibers in the form of felts, fabrics and nonwovens.
• natural fibers such as cotton and kapok
• chemical fibers such as fibers from regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetates, alginates and polyisoprene
• synthetic fibers such as, for example, those from the water-soluble substances defined above
• textile fiber materials for producing the textile material that can be used according to the invention
• Polymers but also fibers made from polymers which are not water-permeable according to the definition of the present invention, such as, for example, polyethylene and polypropylene.
• a lignocellulose material can also be used.
• the rate of release of the nutrients from the film-coated fertilizers according to the invention can also be controlled by the thickness of the films, which in general is approximately 500 ⁇ m or less, preferably approximately 200 or less and in particular approximately 10 to approximately 100 ⁇ m.
• the volume of the nutrient-containing substance contained in the film-coated fertilizer is approximately 20 cm 3 or less, preferably approximately 10 cm 3 or less, more preferably approximately 5 cm 3 or less, in particular approximately 3 cm 3 or less, and particularly preferably about 0.05 cm 3 to about 2 cm 3 , since the provision of such small amounts of nutrient-containing substance can ensure that the nutrient-containing substance is released in a controlled manner in such quantities that it does not cause any overload or loading of the substrates and the damage involved.
• the lower limit for the volumes enveloped according to the invention is approximately 0.01 cm 3 , preferably approximately 0.05 cm 3 .
• the nutrient-containing substances present in the film-coated fertilizer according to the invention can be in the form of a powder, a granulate, a paste or a liquid.
• Suitable nutrient-containing substances that can be used in the context of the present invention are, in particular, organic or mineral fertilizers, as described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition 1987, vol. A10, pp. 323-431 (see in particular - see chapters 2.1 and 4).
• single and multi-nutrient fertilizers are suitable which contain nutrients such as nitrogen, potash or phosphorus, optionally in the form of their salts, either individually or in combination.
• nutrients such as nitrogen, potash or phosphorus
• Examples include 0 NP, NK, PK and NPK fertilizers, single nitrogen fertilizers such as calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate and urea, and slow release fertilizers, especially based on urea, e.g. Isobutylidene diurea, crotonylidene diurea, and urea-formaldehyde condensate.
• urea e.g. Isobutylidene diurea, crotonylidene diurea, and urea-formaldehyde condensate.
• plant nutrients and trace elements can also be used which, in addition to the main constituents mentioned, also contain compounds in minor amounts, i.e., Mg, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo and / or B. usually contained in minor quantities in accordance with the requirements of the Fertilizer Ordinance. 0
• the nutrient-containing substances can be used individually or as a mixture of two or more of them.
• the present invention relates to a film-coated fertilizer, which is in the form of a plurality of individually coated volumes of 20 cm 3 or less of at least one nutrient-containing substance which are arranged in succession in one or more parallel rows.
• a film-coated fertilizer according to the invention is present, for example, in the form of a "string of pearls", a plurality of such "string of pearls” arranged next to one another, but also individually after the structures described above have been cut by appropriate cutting devices in the spaces between the volumes can.
• the present invention further relates to a method for producing the film-coated fertilizer according to the invention, which comprises the following steps:
• the films are fed to the application device by means of a conventional feed device, such as a roll.
• a conventional feed device such as a roll.
• a corresponding amount of this substance is applied to the at least one first film, it being essential that the respective volumes applied have gaps between one another.
• the surface (s) within the application device is (are) generally one or more preferably heatable metal surfaces, the one or more of the at least one first film, the at least one second film or the at least one first and the at least one second film is (are) fed and on which the respective film (s) are located within the application device during the application process, in such a way that it has recesses.
• the regions of the supplied film (s) covering the recesses are then generally introduced into these recesses by means of a pressure source, that is to say an overpressure or vacuum source, preferably a vacuum source.
• the depressions in the above-mentioned surface (s) preferably have at least a volume which corresponds to half the volume of the nutrient-containing substance to be applied.
• the at least one second film is preferably also supplied to a surface within the application device, or is located on such a surface during the application process, the depressions, the Volume correspond to at least half of the volume of the nutrient-containing substance.
• the method according to the present invention can also be carried out such that the surfaces on which the at least one first film, the at least one second film or the at least one a first and the at least one second film is located within the application device, has depressions whose volumes are greater than half the volume of the nutrient-containing substance to be applied and, for example, correspond to the volume of the nutrient-containing substance to be applied, the second film then having a correspondingly smaller or no additional Wells can be applied to the first film.
• the films defined above are connected to one another in the spaces between the volumes, this generally being done by gluing or welding the films in accordance with conventional methods. Furthermore, the two foils can be connected to one another by evacuation or by electrostatic charging.
• the at least one first and the at least one second film are each fed to a roller having depressions on their surfaces.
• the volume of the wells corresponds to at least half of the applied volume of the nutrient-containing substance.
• Calenders i.e. Machines with a plurality of rollers, which are typically arranged one above the other or one next to the other and optionally have heatable depressions, as defined above, are used.
• the general procedure is as follows: At least one first and at least one second film, which has corresponding depressions on its surface, are fed from two sides in each case.
• the foils are then introduced into the depressions by an appropriate device, for example a vacuum source.
• the films are brought into contact with one another at one point in the device used and are connected to one another on one side.
• the nutrient-containing substance is then added in an appropriate amount (volume) and the two films are brought into contact with one another again after the addition of the nutrient-containing substance has ended, and are in turn connected to one another, for example by gluing, welding, evacuation or electrostatic charging.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing a film-coated fertilizer, as defined above, which comprises the following steps: a) feeding at least one film in the form of a tube, which contains a water-permeable polymer, into an introduction device; b) introducing, by means of the introduction device, a plurality of volumes of 20 cm 3 or less of at least one nutrient-containing substance into the at least one film in the form of a tube such that the volumes have interspaces with one another;
• step c) sealing, preferably sealing or welding, the at least one film in the form of a tube in the interstices between the volumes in such a way that the volumes are each individually wrapped, a film-wrapped fertilizer being obtained.
• the film-coated fertilizer is to be applied in the form of individual covered volumes of the nutrient-containing substance, the film-coated fertilizer obtained in the respective process in step c) can be cut or perforated in the spaces between the volumes by means of a cutting or perforating device are separated into individual foil-coated fertilizers, each comprising a volume of approximately 20 cm 3 or less of the nutrient-containing substance, with the perforation separating the coated fertilizers when the fertilizer is applied.
• the process according to the invention can be carried out either continuously or batchwise.
• the present invention also relates to a film-coated fertilizer, which can be produced by a process which comprises the following steps: a) feeding at least a first and at least a second film which contains a water-permeable polymer into an application device; b) application by means of the application device of a plurality of volumes of 20 cm 3 or less of at least one nutrient-containing substance to the at least one first film in such a way that the respective volumes have spaces between one another; c) connecting the at least one first and the at least one second film in the spaces between the volumes in such a way that the volumes are individually wrapped, and a film-wrapped fertilizer which can be produced by a process which comprises the following steps: a) feeding at least one film in the form of a tube, which contains a water-permeable polymer, into an insertion device; b) introducing a plurality of volumes of 20 cm 3 or less of at least one nutrient-containing substance into the at least one film in the form of a tube by means of the
• the present invention relates to a fertilizing method, wherein the film-coated fertilizer according to the present invention or a film-coated fertilizer produced according to the invention is applied to, mixed with or incorporated into the soil or the substrate.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 1996
  • 1996-09-30 DE DE19640268A patent/DE19640268A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1997
  • 1997-09-29 JP JP51622098A patent/JP2001509123A/ja active Pending
  • 1997-09-29 CN CN97180229A patent/CN1239469A/zh active Pending
  • 1997-09-29 EP EP97911160A patent/EP0931037A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-09-29 KR KR1019990702724A patent/KR20000048742A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-09-29 PL PL97332459A patent/PL332459A1/xx unknown
  • 1997-09-29 WO PCT/EP1997/005353 patent/WO1998014414A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-09-29 AU AU48639/97A patent/AU737838B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1997-09-29 CZ CZ991034A patent/CZ103499A3/cs unknown
  • 1997-09-29 CA CA002267352A patent/CA2267352A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-09-30 TW TW086114225A patent/TW363952B/zh active

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