WO1997033363A1 - Elektronisch kommutierter motor - Google Patents
Elektronisch kommutierter motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997033363A1 WO1997033363A1 PCT/EP1997/001078 EP9701078W WO9733363A1 WO 1997033363 A1 WO1997033363 A1 WO 1997033363A1 EP 9701078 W EP9701078 W EP 9701078W WO 9733363 A1 WO9733363 A1 WO 9733363A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- motor
- alternating
- rotor
- rotor position
- phase shifter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
- H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time
- H02P6/153—Controlling commutation time wherein the commutation is advanced from position signals phase in function of the speed
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electronically commutated motor with a permanent magnetic rotor and a stator and a rotor position sensor arrangement arranged on the stator side. It also relates to a method for speed-dependent control of the commutation time in such a motor. (One often speaks of the speed-dependent control of the "ignition timing” or “ignition angle", although, for example, no “ignition” takes place when using transistors.)
- this object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. Since the electronic switching element is controlled by the output signal of the phase shifter arrangement and its advance angle increases with increasing speed, the commutation time is shifted more and more early in the course of increasing speed, as a result of which especially at high speeds results in better efficiency.
- Such a motor is well suited for drives in which the power requirement of the driven device increases with increasing speed, such as e.g. is the case with fans and fans, or for drives with very high speeds.
- phase shifter arrangement has a series circuit in which a first ohmic resistor is connected in series with a parallel circuit comprising a second ohmic resistor and a capacitor.
- a phase shifter arrangement can therefore be constructed in a very simple manner as a resistance-capacitor arrangement.
- the procedure is preferably such that the ratio of the resistance values from the second ohmic resistor to the first ohmic resistor is approximately 2: 1 and that - in a further preferred embodiment - the capacitor has a capacitance value in the range from 1 to 10 nF.
- Such capacitors with low capacitance values are not only inexpensive, but also have a long service life, so that there is a high degree of reliability of such a motor, in conjunction with an excellent efficiency at high speeds.
- the invention is used in a particularly preferred manner in fans with variable speed.
- Such fans are used, for example, to ventilate electronic devices.
- At 20 ° C such a fan has, for example, a speed of 1500 rpm, and at 60 ° C of 3000 rpm, and in the intermediate ranges, the temperature is changed continuously in order to adjust the cooling air quantity continuously to the amount of heat to be removed.
- the efficiency of such a fan can be optimized in the entire speed range.
- Such optimization is possible in the same way with other drives, the speed of which must be variable within relatively large ranges, for example between 30,000 and 80,000 rpm.
- the efficiency in the range of the operating speeds can be significantly improved by the invention without incurring any noteworthy costs. Further details and advantageous developments of the invention result from the exemplary embodiments described below and shown in the drawing, which are in no way to be understood as a limitation of the invention, and from the remaining claims. It shows:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a two-pulse electronically commutated motor
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the motor shown only schematically in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 shows a detail, seen in the direction of arrow III of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining FIG. 5,
- FIG. 13 shows a variant of FIG. 7,
- FIG. 16 shows a separate illustration of the voltages of the vector diagram of FIG. 15 which are important for the application.
- FIG. 1 to 3 show a typical example of a two-pulse collectorless external rotor motor 10.
- This has an external rotor 11 with a continuous magnetic ring 11a, the magnetization of which is approximately trapezoidal, i.e. the magnetic flux density in the region of the poles is largely constant, and the regions 12, 13 between these poles, which are often also referred to as pole gaps, although there are usually no gaps in reality, are narrow.
- the rotor 11 is e.g. formed as a radially magnetized permanent magnetic part made of barium ferrite or a so-called rubber magnet.
- Fig. 1 shows the rotor 11 in one of its two stable rest positions, which it can assume in the de-energized state. These rest positions are determined by the shape of the air gap and the shape of the magnetization. In operation, the rotor 11 runs in the direction of the arrow 14.
- the stator 15 of the motor 10 is designed as a double-T armature with an upper stator pole 16 and a lower stator pole 17.
- the two poles each span almost the entire pole arc. They include between them two slots 18 and 19, in which two winding strands 20 and 21 of a two-strand winding are arranged.
- the connections of the winding strand 20 are denoted by a1 and e1, those of the winding strand 21 by a2 and e2.
- the windings 20 and 21 have the same number of turns and the same winding sense, ie if a direct current flows from a1 to e1, the same magnetization of the stator 15 results as if the same direct current flows from a2 to e2.
- Most are the wires of the two turns are wound in parallel, that is in the form of a so-called bifilar winding, which is not shown in FIG. 1.
- Rotor position-dependent sensor means 25, here a Hall generator, are arranged in an angular position on the stator 15 which corresponds approximately to the opening of the groove 18 (or alternatively the groove 19), i.e. the so-called neutral zone 29.
- the pole gap 12 or 13 is located in one Position in relation to the slot opening 18 or 19, that is to say in relation to the sensor 25, the motor 10 cannot generate electromagnetic torque, ie it has a gap in its electromagnetically generated torque in this rotational position.
- Fan blades L can be fastened on the outside of the rotor 11, as indicated schematically in Fig. 1.
- the Hall generator 25 is preferably controlled by the stray field of the permanent magnetic rotor 11. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is arranged directly on a printed circuit board 28, preferably in the form of an SMD part, specifically below the lower end of the rotor magnet 11a designated 29, that is to say in its stray flux area, and in one Distance d (Fig. 3) from this. This distance d can e.g. 1, 5 to 3 mm.
- the inside of the rotor magnet 11a forms an enveloping cylinder C, and it has proven advantageous to arrange the Hall generator in the region of this enveloping cylinder C, e.g. as shown in Fig. 3 somewhat radially outside of this envelope cylinder C, since there the magnetic flux density of the stray flux of the rotor magnet 11a is relatively large.
- the Hall generator 25 radially inside the rotor magnet 11a, for example also at a somewhat greater distance, or preferably such that the rotor magnet has a specially magnetized control track (not shown) for the Hall generator 25.
- This control track can then have an approximately sinusoidal magnetization, so that the output signal u of the Hall generator 25 (FIG. 6) also becomes approximately sinusoidal. It appears essential that the edges 49 (FIG. 6) of the signal u must not be too steep, and such a flat edge could be generated in a special magnetization track by means of a corresponding magnetization device.
- the solution presented is because of its large size Simplicity preferred.
- Fig. 5 shows the electrical circuit of the Hall generator 25.
- This is preferably a Hall generator with integrated preamplifiers, e.g. type HW101A.
- the Hall generator 25 is connected to a positive line 42 via a series resistor 40, and to a negative line 46 via a series resistor 44. If the rotor 11, which is symbolically indicated in FIG. 5, rotates, this results between the outputs 48, 50 of the Hall generator 25 the voltage u (amplified by the internal preamplifiers), the course of which is shown in FIG. 6. It has an offset of e.g. 0.7 V, and it has a voltage swing S of e.g. 86 mV.
- a square-wave voltage is less suitable than a more sinusoidal (sinusoidal) voltage, and therefore a compromise must be made between the distance d and the voltage swing S.
- the air gap 26 over the stator pole 16 and the air gap 27 over the stator pole 17 are formed in a special way in the motor shown as an example.
- the air gap 26 increases during approximately 10 to 15 ° el.
- the air gap 26 decreases over approximately 165 to 170 ° el.
- the air gap 27, as shown, has an identical course.
- This form of air gap in cooperation with the described type of magnetization of the rotor 11, causes a reluctance torque T re ⁇ to arise in operation, which is shown in FIG. 4.
- the rotor position in which the pole gap 12 lies opposite the Hall generator 25 is assumed to be 0 ° el. in the region of this position, the Hall generator 25 changes its output signal from high to low or from low to high when the rotor 11 rotates. If you turn the rotor 11 into this position 0 ° el. With the motor de-energized, it becomes by the reluctance torque T r ⁇ ⁇ effective in the direction of rotation 14 so that the pole gap 12 is approximately opposite the point 30 of the largest air gap.
- This position is a stable starting position or rest position of the engine and is therefore designated SS1 in FIG. 4.
- the rotor 11 If, starting from IS1, the rotor 11 is turned slightly by hand in the direction of the arrow 14, it is rotated further by a strong driving T r ⁇ ⁇ to the position SS2. So there is a braking T r ⁇ between SS1 and IS1 of relatively low amplitude, and between IS1 and SS2 a driving T r ⁇ ⁇ of high amplitude.
- the Hall generator 25 should control the current in the two strands 20 and 21 in such a way that a driving electromagnetic torque T ⁇ ⁇ is generated between 0 ° el. And 180 ° el
- the driving tel generated according to a curve 36 or 36 " ie when starting from the position SS1
- a strong torque T ⁇ ⁇ acts during the hatched area 38 in FIG. 4, which safely accelerates the motor 10 and starts it.
- the safe start is a This can be explained in such a way that the pole gap 12 (or 13) always looks for the point with the largest air gap 26 or 27, for example the point 30.
- the Hall generator 25 Since the Hall generator 25 is here in the neutral zone 29, i.e. on the border between the two stator poles 16 and 17, the commutation takes place approximately in the middle between the unstable starting position IS2 and the stable starting position SS1, or in the middle between the unstable starting position IS1 and the stable starting position SS2, namely at 0 ° el., 180 ° el., 360 ° el. etc. This is favorable for a safe start, especially from the rotating positions IS1 and IS2.
- the Hall generator 25 can be arranged in the neutral zone 29, that is to say that the current in the stator is commutated at low speeds when a rotor pole gap 12, 13 passes through the neutral zone 29.
- the invention by electronic means it is achieved that the commutation is shifted more and more towards the early direction with increasing speed, that is to say as if the Hall generator 25 would automatically move to position 25 'with increasing speed.
- Fig. 7 shows a preferred circuit according to the invention.
- the current connections of the Hall generator 25 serving as a rotor position sensor are connected to the positive line 42 via the resistor 40 and to the minus line 46 via the resistor 44.
- the Hall generator 25 is by controlled the magnetic field of the rotor 11, which is why it is shown symbolically next to the Hall generator 25. If the rotor 11 rotates, the voltage u shown in FIG. 6 arises between the two outputs 48, 50 of the Hall generator 25, ie if the output 48 becomes higher, the output 50 becomes lower, and if the output 50 becomes higher the exit 48 lower. These outputs 48, 50 are therefore also referred to as non-equivalent outputs.
- the parallel connection of a resistor 52 and a capacitor 54 is connected to the output 48, which here, as also in FIGS. 8 and 9, are additionally denoted by R1 and C.
- This parallel connection 52, 54 is connected to the negative line 46 via a node 56 and a resistor 58 (R2).
- the node 56 is connected to the minus input of a comparator 60, the output signal of which controls an npn power transistor 62, which is connected in series with the line 21 of the motor 10 between the positive line 42 and the negative line 46.
- the circuit according to FIG. 7 is constructed symmetrically, and therefore the switching elements on the left-hand side of FIG. 7 are identified by the same reference numerals, but with an apostrophe, e.g. 52 'instead of 52 and C instead of C.
- the transistor 62' is connected in series with the line 20 of the motor 10 between the positive line 42 and the negative line 46. As shown, the strands 20 and 21 are reversed, so that they generate opposite magnetic fields in the stator 15 during operation. (Alternatively, a bridge circuit could also be controlled by the comparators 60, 60 ', and the motor 10 would only need one line in this case.)
- the plus input of the comparator 60 is connected to the node 56 ', and conversely the plus input of the comparator 60' is connected to the node 56, ie the two comparators 60, 60 'are each driven with the voltage between the nodes 56 and 56', but with the opposite sign.
- This voltage us ⁇ -s ⁇ ' corresponds to the addition of the voltages across resistors 58 and 58', cf. Fig. 7.
- this circuit corresponds to a bridge circuit with the four resistors R1, R2, R1 ', R2'.
- the inputs of both comparators 60, 60 ' lie between points 56, 56' of this bridge circuit, that is to say in its diagonal. If 56 becomes more positive than 56 ', the comparator 60 and the voltage u ⁇ o (FIGS. 7 and 10c) block it
- Phase shift which is denoted by ⁇ in Fig. 10b, increases with increasing speed
- This voltage UH generates a current i in the right-hand phase shifter element R1, C and R2, which is represented (see FIG. 9) as the vectorial sum of the current ii through the resistor R1 and the current ⁇ ⁇ through the capacitor C.
- the current ii generates a voltage ui across the resistor R1 which is in phase with h.
- the current i in the resistor R2 generates a voltage u 2 which is in phase with i.
- the current i2 is practically zero, so that there is no phase advance at the start, but only the resistors R1 and R2 are effective, which then act as voltage dividers.
- the left phase shifter element R1 ⁇ C and R2 effects the same phase shift of the signal at 180 ° out of phase with UH at the output 50 of the Hall generator 25, so that the alternating voltage U56-56' between the nodes 56 and 56 ' (Fig. 10b), which leads the alternating voltage u (Fig. 10a) between the outputs 48 and 50, and more the faster the rotor 11 rotates. Since the phase-shifted voltage U 56-56 'controls the commutation of the motor 10, cf. 10c, the current in the strands 20 and 21 is switched on and off earlier and earlier as the speed increases, which improves the efficiency of the motor 10, while at the same time providing optimal conditions for starting the motor.
- FIG. 15 shows the complete vector diagram for FIGS. 7 and 11.
- the voltages UH and UH 1 are antivalent, that is to say offset from one another by 180 ° el. That is, by correct polarity, they add to the alternating voltage u, as in FIG shown.
- the phase shifter arrangement shown in FIG. 7 for phase shifting the alternating voltage u by the angle ⁇ contains the right phase shifter element C, R1, R2 and the left phase shifter element C, R1 ', R2' because of its symmetrical structure.
- the phase shifted voltage u 2 is generated by the right phase shifter element at the resistor R2, and the phase shifted voltage U 2 > is generated by the left phase shifter element at the resistor R2 '.
- phase shifter members C, R1, R2 and C, R1 ', R2' thus together form a phase shifter arrangement, which by adding the
- the phase advance ⁇ may have the speed-dependent curve according to FIG. 11.
- Motor 10 ... four-pole motor.
- Resistor 40 ... 2 k ⁇
- FIG. 13 and 14 show a variant in which two (equally large) inductors L and L 'are used to generate the phase lead.
- the circuit largely corresponds to FIG. 7, which is why some of the components are only indicated.
- the same reference numerals are used for elements that are the same or function the same as in FIG. 7, and these parts are usually not described again.
- the circuit is also constructed symmetrically here.
- a resistor R3 is first connected to the output 48 of the Hall generator 25, which is connected to the negative line 46 via a node 70 and the series connection of an inductor L and a resistor R4. As shown, node 70 is connected to the minus input of comparator 60. Its plus input is connected to the corresponding node 70 'on the left side of the circuit.
- the vectorial sum of the voltages u R3 , u L and u R4 corresponds to the voltage UR, and the current i lags behind the voltage UR by the angle ⁇ , as shown in FIG. 14.
- _ and UR 4 is denoted by 72 in FIG. 14. Between this sum voltage 72 and the current i there is an angle ⁇ which is greater than the angle ⁇ , ie the voltage 72 leads the voltage UR by the angle ⁇ , as shown in FIG. 14, the
- Angle ⁇ corresponds to the difference ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), and this angle ⁇ increases with increasing speed, so that here too the current through the strands 20, 21 (FIGS. 1 and 7) of the motor 10 is switched on and off all the earlier the faster the engine 10 runs.
- the two comparators 60, 60 ' are controlled by the voltage between the nodes 70 and 70', which corresponds to the vectorial sum of the voltages U
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19780154T DE19780154D2 (de) | 1996-03-05 | 1997-03-04 | Elektronisch kommutierter Motor |
EP97908172A EP0885481A1 (de) | 1996-03-05 | 1997-03-04 | Elektronisch kommutierter motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19608424.5 | 1996-03-05 | ||
DE19608424A DE19608424A1 (de) | 1996-03-05 | 1996-03-05 | Verfahren zum drehzahlabhängigen Steuern des Kommutierungszeitpunkts bei einem elektronisch kommutierten Motor, und Motor zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997033363A1 true WO1997033363A1 (de) | 1997-09-12 |
Family
ID=7787250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/001078 WO1997033363A1 (de) | 1996-03-05 | 1997-03-04 | Elektronisch kommutierter motor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0885481A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19608424A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997033363A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0913028A1 (de) * | 1997-05-15 | 1999-05-06 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Elektronisch kommutierter motor |
US7868570B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 | 2011-01-11 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Device and method for controlling brushless DC electric machine |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6078152A (en) * | 1996-01-10 | 2000-06-20 | Papst-Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bidirectional E.C. motor and method of operating the motor |
ATE342605T1 (de) * | 1998-03-21 | 2006-11-15 | Ebm Papst St Georgen Gmbh & Co | Elektronisch kommutierter motor |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0084156A1 (de) * | 1981-12-23 | 1983-07-27 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Kollektorloser Gleichstrommotor |
DE2463006C2 (de) * | 1973-05-23 | 1984-08-16 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co KG, 7742 St Georgen | Zweipulsiger kollektorloser Gleichstrommotor |
DE3819064A1 (de) * | 1988-06-04 | 1989-12-07 | Quick Rotan Elektromotoren | Verfahren zur steuerung von buerstenlosen elektromotoren sowie steuerschaltung hierfuer |
DE3942003A1 (de) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-06-27 | Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines elektronisch kommutierten motors |
DE4136538A1 (de) * | 1990-11-06 | 1992-05-07 | Zen Zen Electric Co Ltd | Kommutatorschaltung fuer einen buerstenlosen gleichstrommotor |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1066036A (en) * | 1962-10-25 | 1967-04-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method for controlling speed of a motor of brushless type |
DE2263242C2 (de) * | 1972-12-23 | 1984-05-03 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co KG, 7742 St Georgen | Kollektorloser Gleichstrommotor |
JPS5953795B2 (ja) * | 1978-02-03 | 1984-12-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | サイリスタモ−タの制御装置 |
DE3434965A1 (de) * | 1983-09-22 | 1985-04-04 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co KG, 7742 St Georgen | Gekapselter kleinstmotor |
DE3513167C2 (de) * | 1985-04-12 | 1997-01-16 | Papst Motoren Gmbh & Co Kg | Ansteuerungsschaltung für kollektorlose Gleichstrommotoren |
BR8805485A (pt) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-06-05 | Brasil Compressores Sa | Circuito eletronico de controle para motor de corrente continua sem escovas |
-
1996
- 1996-03-05 DE DE19608424A patent/DE19608424A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-03-04 DE DE19780154T patent/DE19780154D2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-04 WO PCT/EP1997/001078 patent/WO1997033363A1/de active Application Filing
- 1997-03-04 EP EP97908172A patent/EP0885481A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2463006C2 (de) * | 1973-05-23 | 1984-08-16 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co KG, 7742 St Georgen | Zweipulsiger kollektorloser Gleichstrommotor |
EP0084156A1 (de) * | 1981-12-23 | 1983-07-27 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Kollektorloser Gleichstrommotor |
DE3819064A1 (de) * | 1988-06-04 | 1989-12-07 | Quick Rotan Elektromotoren | Verfahren zur steuerung von buerstenlosen elektromotoren sowie steuerschaltung hierfuer |
DE3942003A1 (de) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-06-27 | Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines elektronisch kommutierten motors |
DE4136538A1 (de) * | 1990-11-06 | 1992-05-07 | Zen Zen Electric Co Ltd | Kommutatorschaltung fuer einen buerstenlosen gleichstrommotor |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0913028A1 (de) * | 1997-05-15 | 1999-05-06 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Elektronisch kommutierter motor |
US7868570B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 | 2011-01-11 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Device and method for controlling brushless DC electric machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0885481A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 |
DE19608424A1 (de) | 1997-09-11 |
DE19780154D2 (de) | 1999-08-12 |
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