WO1996025873A1 - Dispositif d'examen de cavites au moyen d'un endoscope - Google Patents

Dispositif d'examen de cavites au moyen d'un endoscope Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996025873A1
WO1996025873A1 PCT/DE1996/000264 DE9600264W WO9625873A1 WO 1996025873 A1 WO1996025873 A1 WO 1996025873A1 DE 9600264 W DE9600264 W DE 9600264W WO 9625873 A1 WO9625873 A1 WO 9625873A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
endoscope
eyepiece
viewing system
viewing
eye
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1996/000264
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Storz
Original Assignee
Karl Storz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1995105775 external-priority patent/DE19505775A1/de
Priority claimed from DE1995105774 external-priority patent/DE19505774C2/de
Application filed by Karl Storz filed Critical Karl Storz
Priority to EP96902873A priority Critical patent/EP0756471B1/fr
Priority to US08/732,320 priority patent/US6106456A/en
Priority to JP8525296A priority patent/JPH10503693A/ja
Priority to DE59609939T priority patent/DE59609939D1/de
Publication of WO1996025873A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996025873A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00147—Holding or positioning arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
    • A61B1/00195—Optical arrangements with eyepieces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
    • A61B1/0692—Endoscope light sources head mounted
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00112—Connection or coupling means
    • A61B1/00121—Connectors, fasteners and adapters, e.g. on the endoscope handle
    • A61B1/00126—Connectors, fasteners and adapters, e.g. on the endoscope handle optical, e.g. for light supply cables
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00112—Connection or coupling means
    • A61B1/00121—Connectors, fasteners and adapters, e.g. on the endoscope handle
    • A61B1/00128—Connectors, fasteners and adapters, e.g. on the endoscope handle mechanical, e.g. for tubes or pipes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for examining cavities, in particular in the human or animal body, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for examining cavities of the type required in the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-5 039 198:
  • the known generically 's device is designed for the stereoscopic viewing of voids particularly in microsurgical operations, and has a special endoscope is composed of two mutually dependent unab ⁇ endoscope parts.
  • Each endoscope part is practically a complete endoscope and, in a known manner, has a light guide for illuminating the cavity and an objective for imaging the object field of the cavity, an image relay for the image of the lens and an eyepiece for viewing the forwarded image.
  • a headband is provided as the head holder, on which the eyepieces of the two endoscope parts are attached such that the eyepieces are in front of the left or right eye of the examination person are positioned.
  • the distal ends of the two endoscope parts are held on a carrier, which ensures the necessary distance between the objectives of the two endoscope parts.
  • the carrier makes it difficult to insert the stereo endoscope into the cavity in which the observation or treatment process is to be carried out.
  • the known mechanical mounts have the disadvantage that the examiner cannot move his head without adjusting the mount without losing eye contact with the object under examination.
  • the endoscope is an ultra-thin endoscope, ie an endoscope with a diameter of approximately 1 to 2 mm and less and a correspondingly small aperture.
  • Such endoscopes are required for a number of examination processes in technology or on the human or animal body.
  • Ultrathin endoscopes are generally flexible endoscopes, but in special cases they are also manufactured as so-called rigid endoscopes.
  • ultrathin endoscopes must be handled with the greatest care due to their small diameter and the stability that is only low as a result.
  • a holder for ultra-thin endoscopes, through which the risk of damage is significantly reduced, is not yet known.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a device for examining cavities, in particular in the human or animal body, with an endoscope, which allows the cavity to be observed without the use of an expensive special endoscope with normal, commercially available endoscopes, without the lower part the person in search must hold the endoscope in his hand, whereby the person under examination has a certain freedom of movement for his head without losing eye contact with the ocular image.
  • a solution to this problem according to the invention is specified in claim 1. Further developments of the invention are the subject of claims 2 and following.
  • the device according to the invention has a head holder on which the eyepiece of the endoscope, which is designed in a conventional manner, is attached in such a way that it is positioned in front of an eye of the examination subject.
  • the endoscope also moves the examiner's head, so that eye contact in the eyepiece is not lost even with a small aperture.
  • a single endoscope is provided, the eyepiece funnel of which is connected monocularly to a beam path of the binocular viewing system.
  • doctors are used to viewing eyepiece images from endoscopes with just one eye.
  • the monocular view into the endoscope enables the other eye to control the surroundings, for example the penetration of the endoscope into the human body, without having to "look away from the eyepiece".
  • the head holder can be designed in a similar or the same way as head straps, which are also known as a holder, for example for binocular loupes, from the field of medical technology, such as the ear, nose and throat area.
  • the headband (claim 5) can consist, for example, of parts resting on the forehead and the back of the head or a ring-shaped part and an elastic band which can be adjusted in length, so that the "headband" resembles a "hood” can be placed on the head of the examinee.
  • headbands reference is also made to US Pat. No. 5,039,198.
  • the head holder can be designed in the manner of a spectacle frame - optionally with an additional headband.
  • the head holder can preferably be constructed in a manner similar to a so-called measuring glasses frame, as used, for example, by opticians for the subjective determination of refraction.
  • Spectacle frames allow a problem-free adaptation to a wide variety of head shapes and are also designed to hold comparatively heavy parts without inconvenience for the wearer of glasses or that the measuring glasses slip on the bridge of the nose.
  • such spectacle frames can easily be adapted to different users by changing the bridge distance, the temple length, the support surfaces on the bridge of the nose, etc., so that the device according to the invention can be used by a wide variety of users. Since measuring glasses are offered by a number of manufacturers, it is not necessary to go into detail about their precise training here. Of course, the use of other spectacle frames is also possible.
  • the head holder With regard to the design of the head holder, it is basically only important for the invention that it allows a safe and non-slip attachment to the subject's head.
  • a viewing system is attached to the head holder, which enlarges the eyepiece image for the examination person.
  • the eyepiece funnel of the endoscope is monocularly connected to the one beam path of the observation system in such a way that the eyepiece image is enlarged for the examination subject (claim 2).
  • This enlargement of the eyepiece image is particularly advantageous because the eyepiece image, for example of ultrathin endoscopes, is small compared to normal endoscopes.
  • the viewing system can be, for example, a spectacle frame with glasses suitable for enlarging the eyepiece image and / or for correcting visual defects, a binocular magnifying glass or a telescope and in particular a prism telescope, the object-side focal length of which is matched to the application is.
  • a binocular magnifying glass or a telescope and in particular a prism telescope the object-side focal length of which is matched to the application is.
  • Any binocular loupe known per se, such as those used in the field of medical technology, can be used as the binocular loupe.
  • the "cumulative" enlargement of the observation device and the endoscope is also sufficient for carrying out complicated interventions, so that the use of a device according to the invention often means that an operating microscope can be dispensed with, which is several times more expensive to buy than one Binocular loupe or a corresponding telescope.
  • the use of a telescope or a binocular loupe has the particular advantage that not only the environment but also the eyepiece image is greatly enlarged. This makes it possible to even carry out microsurgical interventions under observation with an endoscope (claim 28).
  • magnification when performing interventions on the eye (magnification), the magnification of a binocular loupe or a telescope is completely sufficient to observe the eye and in particular the area surrounding the puncture of the endoscope during the examination or treatment process.
  • the operation of a telescope or a binocular loupe is practically limited to the adjustment of the pupil distance and the object field to be observed. In comparison, the operation of a surgical microscope is very complicated.
  • an eyeglass frame When using an eyeglass frame, it is possible, for example, to provide the lens ring, which is not connected to the eyepiece funnel of the endoscope via a coupling, with an eyeglass lens without an optical effect or with an eyeglass lens that has an optical effect ( spherical and cylindrical effect) has corrected the visual errors of the examinee for the observation of the surroundings - in particular taking into account the respective "working distance".
  • the spectacle lens through which the eyepiece is looked through, in addition to the magnifying glass effect, with an effect for correcting visual defects, taking into account the working distance when viewing the eyepiece image.
  • the use of a spectacle frame has the advantage that comparatively inexpensive spectacle frames are commercially available, which, thanks to a good adaptation to the physiognomy of the respective examiner, enable excellent weight relief.
  • the weight relief is improved in that the eyepiece part of the endoscope is supported on the bridge of the nose of the examinee.
  • the eyepiece of the endoscope is connected to the viewing system via a beam deflecting element which deflects the beam path by 90 °.
  • the eyepiece part can be supported on the bridge of the nose, for example, with a modified nasal saddle which is attached to the spectacle frame and has a receptacle for the eyepiece part.
  • the connection between the eyepiece of the endoscope and the (monocular) beam path of the respective viewing system can be made in a variety of ways:
  • the eyepiece can connect the eyepiece to the viewing system without an intermediate optical system, for example via a plate-shaped coupling, as is also used for flanging video cameras onto endoscopes.
  • the coupling can be designed so that the eyepiece funnel can be rotated relative to the viewing system in the coupled state.
  • connection between the eyepiece and the link optics and between the link optics and the viewing system can again be made in a manner known per se.
  • the observation optics can be moved back and forth without the endoscope being moved as well or without the view of the eyepiece being lost.
  • a spiral surrounds the optical link.
  • the light guide cable or cables can be guided in the spiral (claim 8).
  • an optical system can be provided according to claim 13 which, for example, by swiveling a deflection prism into the beam path in front of one or both exit openings, enables switching between binocular observation of the surroundings and (monocular) observation of the eyepiece image of the endoscope .
  • a binocular view into the eyepiece of the endoscope can also be achieved by means of a suitable beam splitter, since by pivoting out one or both deflection prisms it is still possible to use one or both beam paths of the magnifying glass to surround the area of the puncture to observe.
  • the head support provided according to the invention can preferably be used as a support for additional or supplementary devices:
  • the headband can also serve as a carrier for other devices:
  • the light guide cable for the ultra-thin endoscope and / or the light guide for the lighting device are guided on the head carrier (claims 17 and 18). This ensures that the operator is not "caught in cables”.
  • ultrathin endoscopes are generally flexible endoscopes. Since these endoscopes are very likely to break and must therefore be handled with the greatest care, a protective sleeve for the endoscope is provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention, from which the endoscope can be pulled out (claim 24). In a further embodiment of the invention specified in claim 25, this protective sleeve can be fastened to the examinee's clothing, for example with a clip. The endoscope is protected when not in use by this protective sleeve, which can be designed in particular in a spiral shape. Since it is only ever pulled out of the protective sleeve as far as is required for the respective examination process, the risk of damage to the ultra-thin endoscope reduced to a minimum. In addition, the endoscope does not "sag"; this is particularly troublesome when handling ultra-thin endoscopes and is a frequent cause of damage.
  • the observation device can of course be "erected” if necessary in the same way as an operating microscope if the use of the head holder temporarily interferes (claim 26).
  • the endoscope In the medical field, there are not only possible uses for invasive or microsurgical operations, but also for examining eyes and for performing operations on the human or animal eye.
  • the endoscope is positioned directly next to the eye, for example in the area of the eye sac, or inserted into the eye, such as the vitreous body.
  • an illuminating device is provided, the light of which is coupled into a light guide arranged in the endoscope, which illuminates the object field of the endoscope objective.
  • an illumination device is preferably attached to the headband or to the binocular magnifying glass or the telescope, which illuminates the eye to be examined.
  • the examiner thus has the possibility of using one eye to observe the eye to be examined or treated, in which the endoscope is arranged or in which the endoscope is inserted. Without having to remove the endoscope, she can then inspect the surroundings, for example the "puncture" of the endoscope into the eye or other area of this eye.
  • the illumination device can be arranged between the two beam paths of the binocular loupe, so that the object field is completely illuminated even when the eye is viewed bi-nocularly without a flanged endoscope.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for examining hollow clear especially in the human or animal body.
  • a component of the device according to the invention is an ultra-thin endoscope 1, which has a light guide (not shown in detail) with a light guide connection 2 and a lens at the - not shown distal end.
  • the image generated by the lens is guided by an image relay to the proximal end of the endoscope shown in FIG. 1, so that it can be viewed through an eyepiece 3.
  • the endoscope 1 is a flexible endoscope; Accordingly, the image relay preferably consists of an ordered glass fiber bundle.
  • a headband 4 which, in a manner known per se, consists of an annular part 5 and a retaining band 7.
  • the diameter of the annular part 5 and the length of the tether 7 are adjustable.
  • other designs are also possible.
  • Attached to the headband 4 is a binocular magnifier 6 known per se with the usual setting options for inclination, pupil spacing and optionally focusing.
  • a beam path of the binocular loupe 6 - in the exemplary embodiment shown the right view seen from the wearer of the headband - has a coupling on its side facing away from the view, which allows the eyepiece funnel 3 of the ultra-thin endoscope 1 to be flanged on.
  • Coupling types can be used for this coupling, such as those are known for flanging endoscopes onto video cameras.
  • the eyepiece is not only positioned in front of the eye of the headband wearer and follows every head movement without the headband wearer holding the endoscope or having to continually readjust the holding device when using a conventional holding device, but also the eyepiece image enlarged. This not only makes it easier to view the ocular image, which is very small in the case of ultrathin endoscopes, but also in many cases saves the additional or additional use of an operating microscope.
  • the headband can also be used to hold a lighting device 8 which illuminates the surroundings.
  • the illumination device 8 which is provided with a condenser lens (not shown in detail), is arranged between the left and the right beam path of the binocular loupe 6.
  • light guides 9 and 10 are provided, which are guided on the head strap 4 and in particular on the holding strap 7 via suitable holders.
  • Fig. 2 shows a protective sleeve 11 for the endoscope 1, from which the flexible endoscope can be pulled out.
  • the protective sleeve 11 is formed spirally. Furthermore, a clip 12 is provided, with which the protective sleeve can be fastened to the clothing of the examinee.
  • the ultra-thin endoscope 1 Since the ultra-thin endoscope 1 is always pulled out of the protective sleeve 11 only as far as is required for the respective examination procedure, the risk of damage to the ultra-thin endoscope is reduced reduced to a minimum. In addition, the endoscope does not "sag"; this sagging is particularly annoying when handling ultra-thin endoscopes and is a frequent cause of damage.
  • the headband can be designed differently than shown in the drawing.
  • a headgear instead of a headgear, another headgear can be used.
  • FIG. 3 A corresponding possibility is shown in FIG. 3:
  • glasses 6 ′ or a “glasses-like” frame with glasses arms 20 are used as the viewing unit instead of the binocular magnifying glass 7.
  • the eyepiece 3 of the endoscope 1 is also not directly on the glass ring of the spectacle frame, i.e. attached to the outlet opening of the viewing unit 6 ', but offset due to the use of a deflecting prism 13 and arranged at an angle of 90 °.
  • the eyepiece part of the endoscope 1 is supported on the bridge of the examiner's nose.
  • the device 4 shows a device according to the invention for examining the eye and for performing operations on the eye.
  • the device has an endoscope 1 which can be positioned next to an eye (not shown) or inserted into the inside of the eye. Furthermore, an observation device separate from the endoscope 1 is provided. With the shown the observation device is a prism telescope 6 ".
  • the eyepiece funnel 3 of the endoscope 1 is connected to an outlook opening 61 of the telescope 6 ′′ via a link optic 13 ′.
  • the eyepiece image of the telescope 6 ′′ assigned to the outlook opening 61 can thus be viewed on an enlarged scale.
  • An illumination device 8 is provided between the two parts of the binocular prism telescope 6, which illuminates the surroundings, which can be viewed through the other beam path of the prism telescope 6 ′′.
  • the second beam path is schematically designated by reference number 63.
  • a light source not shown, is provided, the light of which is coupled into the lighting device 8 via a light guide 81.
  • the light from the light source is also coupled into a thin light guide 14, which is used to illuminate the field of view of the endoscope.
  • the light guide 81 is guided through a guide 24 on the prism telescope 6 ′′.
  • a further guide 25 serves to hold a further light guide or a thin flexible endoscope.
  • the endoscope 1 is guided in a manner known per se in a shaft 15 in which the light guide 14 is also guided.
  • the shaft 15 can have one or more channels for surgical instruments.
  • the prism telescope 6 "is in turn attached to a headband 5 via a holder 51 and an adjusting screw 52 for adjusting the inclination.
  • a binocular view into the eyepiece 3 of the endoscope 1 can also be achieved via a beam splitter.
  • the endoscope can also not be placed directly at the exit opening of the magnifying glass, but rather offset and arranged under an angle.
  • the beam path of one or both perspectives of the viewing system, such as the binocular loupe can then be deflected by one or two deflecting prisms which can be pivoted in front of the exit opening (s) of the binocular loupe in such a way that the ocular image is passed through the loupe instead of the surroundings can be viewed.
  • the binocular viewing unit provided according to the invention for viewing the eyepiece image of an endoscope and in addition for observing the environment can of course also be used to view the eyepiece images of endoscopes that are not ultra-thin in the sense defined above, that is to say, for example, of rigid endoscopes that unite one Have a diameter of 4 mm.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'examen de cavités dans le corps d'un être humain ou d'un animal, au moyen d'un endoscope (1) présentant une fibre optique pour l'éclairage de la cavité, ainsi qu'un objectif, un élément de transmission de l'image de l'objectif et un oculaire (3) pour l'observation de l'image transmise, et au moyen d'un support porté sur la tête (4), sur lequel l'oculaire de l'endoscope est disposé de façon à être positionné devant l'÷il de la personne procédant à l'examen. L'invention se caractérise en ce qu'un système d'observation, en particulier un système d'observation binoculaire (6), est placé sur le support (4), et en ce que l'÷illeton de l'oculaire (3) de l'endoscope communique de façon monoculaire avec le trajet de rayonnement du système d'observation.
PCT/DE1996/000264 1995-02-20 1996-02-20 Dispositif d'examen de cavites au moyen d'un endoscope WO1996025873A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96902873A EP0756471B1 (fr) 1995-02-20 1996-02-20 Dispositif d'examen de cavites au moyen d'un endoscope
US08/732,320 US6106456A (en) 1995-02-20 1996-02-20 Device for examining cavities using an endoscope
JP8525296A JPH10503693A (ja) 1995-02-20 1996-02-20 内視鏡を用いて腔を検査する装置
DE59609939T DE59609939D1 (de) 1995-02-20 1996-02-20 Vorrichtung zur untersuchung von hohlräumen mit einem endoskop

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19505774.0 1995-02-20
DE1995105775 DE19505775A1 (de) 1995-02-20 1995-02-20 Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung der Augen sowie zur Durchführung von Eingriffen an Augen
DE1995105774 DE19505774C2 (de) 1995-02-20 1995-02-20 Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von Hohlräumen mit einem ultradünnen Endoskop
DE19505775.9 1995-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996025873A1 true WO1996025873A1 (fr) 1996-08-29

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PCT/DE1996/000264 WO1996025873A1 (fr) 1995-02-20 1996-02-20 Dispositif d'examen de cavites au moyen d'un endoscope

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6106456A (fr)
EP (1) EP0756471B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10503693A (fr)
DE (1) DE59609939D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996025873A1 (fr)

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DE102009038021A1 (de) 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 Olaf Dipl.-Ing. Christiansen Bildverarbeitungssystem mit einer zusätzlichen zusammen mit der Bildinformation zu verarbeitenden Maßstabsinformation
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CN103676133B (zh) * 2012-09-25 2016-06-08 天津博朗科技发展有限公司 一种立体内窥镜消间隙装置
CN108403073B (zh) * 2018-03-28 2023-12-05 泰州市桥梓光电科技有限公司 一种柔性超细直径内窥镜
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US5039198A (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-08-13 Vanbeek Allen L Stereoscopic microsurgery system
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10031685A1 (de) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-20 Rb Dentalelectronic Gmbh Lupe mit Beleuchtungseinrichtung für die Verwendung im medizinischen Bereich sowie Beleuchtungseinrichtung
DE10031685C2 (de) * 2000-06-09 2002-06-27 Rb Dentalelectronic Gmbh Lupe mit Beleuchtungseinrichtung für die Verwendung im medizinischen Bereich sowie Beleuchtungseinrichtung

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JPH10503693A (ja) 1998-04-07
DE59609939D1 (de) 2003-01-16
US6106456A (en) 2000-08-22
EP0756471B1 (fr) 2002-12-04
EP0756471A1 (fr) 1997-02-05

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