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  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/135—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D211/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
  • C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
  • C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
  • C07D317/62—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
  • C07D317/66—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
  • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
  • C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel class of 4-aryl-1-(indanmethyl, dihydroben ⁇ zofuranmethyl or dihydrobenzothiophenemethyl)piperidine, -tetrahydropyridine or -piperazine compounds having effects at central serotonergic receptors. These methylamine compounds are therefore useful in the treatment of certain psychic and neurologic disorders.
• EP patent 0 281 261 discloses 1 -aminomethylindan, 3-aminomethylbenzo- furane and 3-aminomthylbenzothiophene derivatives with a hydroxy group or a substituted hydroxy group in the 6-position (indan) or 5-position (benzofurane, benzothiophene). These compounds were found to show central dopamine agonist activity, in particular to show effect at presynaptic dopamine receptors.
• EP 0325963 A1 discloses among other compounds a class of 1-aminomethyl indan compounds in which the aminomethyl group may constitute a 1-pyrrolylmethyl group which is substituted with thienyl or phenyl. The compounds are claimed to be 0. 2 antagonists useful in the treatment of depression, metabolic disorders, glauco ⁇ ma, migraine and hypertension. Furthermore, EP 0490772 A1 describes i.a. a class of 4-benzofuranyl- or 4-benzodi- oxanyl-1-indanylmethyI piperazine compounds being 5-HT-IA ligands.
• EP 0428437 generically covers a very broad class of 1 ,2-benzoisoxazole com- pounds including certain 3-[1-[(1-indanyl)methyl]-1 ,2-benzoisoxazoles. However, only one such compound is examplified and in that case without giving any data. The compounds are said to show dopamine and serotonin antagonistic activities.
• US Patent No 3,886,168 relates to 1 -[(indan-1-yl)methyl]piperidine compounds having antihypertensive activity.
• the 5-HT 2A antagonist ritanserin (Meert, T. F.; Janssen, P. A. J. Drug. Dev. Res. 1989, 18, 119.) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression presumably through improvement of the sleep quality. Furthermore, selective, centrally acting 5-HT 2 A antagonists have been shown to have an effect towards the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to reduce extrapyramidal side-effects caused by treatment with classical neuroleptics in schizophrenic patients (Gelders, Y.G., British J. Psychiatry, 1989, 155 (suppl.5), 33). Finally, selective 5-HT 2 A antagonists could be effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine since it is known that 5-HT is involved in migraine attacks. The links between 5-HT and migraine attacks are several and they suggest a number of mechanisms whereby 5-HT may be involved (Scrip Report; "Migraine - Current trends in research and treatment"; PJB Publications Ltd.; May 1991).
• EPS extrapyramidal side effects
• 5-HT-IA partial agonists such as e.g. buspirone, 8-[4-[4-(2- pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane-7,9-dione, gepirone, 4,4-dime- thyl-1-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,6-piperidinedione, and ipsapirone, 2- [4-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-1 ,2-benzothiazol-3(2f/)-one-1 ,1 -dioxide, have shown that 5-HT-IA partial agonists are useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder (Glitz, D. A., Pohl, R., Drugs 1991 , 41, 11).
• anxiety disorders
• 5-HT-IA agonists and partial agonists inhibit isolation-induced aggression in male mice indicating that these compounds are useful in the treatment of aggression (Sanchez et al., Psychopharmacology, 1993, 110, 53-59).
• 5-HT-IA ligands have been reported to show antipsychotic effect in ani- mal models (Wadenberg and Ahlenius, J. Neural. Transm., 1991 , 83, 43; Ahlenius, Pharmacol.&Toxicol., 1989, 64, 3; Lowe et al., J. Med. Chem., 1991 , 34, 1860; New et al., J. Med. Chem., 1989, 32, 1147;and Martin et al., J. Med. Chem., 1989, 32, 1052).
• 5-HT-IA receptors are important in the serotonergic modulation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy (Hicks, Life Science 1990, 47, 1609, Wadenberg et al. Pharmacol. Biochem. & Behav. 1994, 47, 509-513) suggesting that 5-HT-IA agonists are useful in the treatment of EPS induced by conventional antipsychotic agents such as haloperidol.
• 5-HT-IA agonists have shown neuroprotective properties in rodent models of focal and global cerebral ischaemia and may, therefore, be useful in the treatment of ischaemic disease states (Prehn , Eur. J. Pharm. 1991 , 203, 213).
• 5-HT-IA agonists exert antihypertensive effects via a central mechanism (Saxena and Villal ⁇ n, Trends Pharm. Sci. 1990, 11, 95; Gillis et al, J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 1989, 248, 851). 5-HT-IA ligands may, therefore, be beneficial in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
• 5-HT reuptake inhibitors are well known antidepressant drugs.
• 5-HT-IA and 5-HT 2A receptor ligand classes of compounds and 5-HT reuptake inhibitors have different activities in different animal models predictive of anxiolytic and antiaggressive effects (Perregaard et al., Recent Developments in Anxiolytics. Current Opinion in Therapeutic Patents 1993, 1, 101-128) and/or in models predictive of effects in other psychic disorders it might also be highly beneficial to treat complex states of anxiety, depression, or other psychic disorders with a drug which have combined serotonergic effects.
• one of X and Y is CH 2 and the other one is selected from the group consisting of CH 2 , O, and S;
• the dotted line, emanating from Z, indicates an optional bond; when it does not indicate a bond Z is N, CH or COH; and when it indicates a bond Z is C;
• Ar is phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 1-indolyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl,1-indol-2-onyl, 3-indol-2-onyl, 2- or 3-benzofuranyl, 2- or 3-benzothiophe- nyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl, each optionally substituted with halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, hydroxy, lower alkylsulfonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluromethylsulfonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower-alkyl, nitro, amino, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, acylamino or C 1 - 2 alkylenedioxy;
• R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cycloalk(en)yl, cycloalk(en)- yl-lower alk(en/yn)yl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, acyl, thioacyl, lower alkylsulfonyl, trifluoro- methylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,
• R1 is a group R9VCO- where V is O or S and R9 is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl- lower-alkyl or aryl, or
• R1 is a group R10R11NCO- or R10R11NCS- wherein R10 and R11 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower-alkyl or aryl, or R10 and R11 together with the N-atom to which they are linked, form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or perhydroazepin group;
• R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl-lower-alkyl; or R1 and R2 together with the N-atom to which they are linked form a group
• R3 - R5 are independently hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, halogen substituted phenylcarbonyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, hydroxy, lower alkylsulfonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower-alkyl or nitro;
• R6 and rV are each hydrogen or lower alkyl or they are linked together to constitute a 3 - 7-membered carbocyclic ring;
• R8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl
• any alkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl group present being optionally substituted with one or two hydroxy groups, which again are optionally esterified with an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid; and any aryl substituent present being optionally substituted with halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, hydroxy, lower alkylsulfonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifiuoromethylsulfonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower-alkyl or nitro;
• the compounds of the invention have been found to show potent affinity to 5-HTIA receptors and/or to 5-HT 2A receptors. In addition to the effect at these receptor subtypes, certain of the present compounds also show 5-HT reuptake inhibiting effect.
• the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, other psychoses, anxiety disorders, such as generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, alcohol abuse, impulse control disorders, aggres- sion, side effects induced by conventional antipsychotic agents, ischaemic disease states, migraine, senile dementia and cardiovascular disorders and in the improve ⁇ ment of sleep.
• anxiety disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder
• depression depression
• alcohol abuse impulse control disorders
• aggres- sion side effects induced by conventional antipsychotic agents
• ischaemic disease states migraine, senile dementia and cardiovascular disorders and in the improve ⁇ ment of sleep.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of Formula I as defined above or a pharmaceutically accept ⁇ able acid addition salt thereof or prodrug thereof in a therapeutically effective amount and in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents.
• the present invention provides the use of a compound of Formula I as defined above or an acid addition salt or prodrug thereof for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of the above mentioned disorders.
• Prodrugs of the compounds of general Formula I are also embraced by the invention.
• cycloalkyl designates a carbocyclic ring having 3-8 carbon atoms, inclusive, or a bicyclic or tricyclic carbocycle, such as adamantyl.
• lower alkyl refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1 -butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl and 2-methyl-1-propyl.
• lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfonyl, lower alkylamino, lower alkylcarbonyl, etc. designate such groups in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl as defined above.
• lower alkenyl and alkynyl respectively, designate such groups having from two to six carbon atoms, inclusive.
• Preferred groups are those having up to four carbon atoms.
• aryl refers to a mono- or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic group, such as phenyl, indolyl, thienyl, pyrimidyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, pyridyl, naphthyl and furanyl, in particular phenyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, and thienyl.
• Halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
• acyl refers to a formyl, lower alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aryl- carbonyl, aryl-lower alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, or cycloalkyl-lower- alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl group.
• thioacyl is the corresponding acyl group in which the carbonyl group is replaced with a thiocarbonyl group.
• alk(en/yn)yl means that the group may be an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group.
• X is preferably CH 2 or S and Y is preferably CH 2 and most preferably they are both CH 2 .
• R1 is preferably acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, a group R10R11NCO- or R10R11NCS- wherein R10 js hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower-alkyl or aryl and R11 is hydrogen or lower alkyl or R10 and R11 together with the N-atom to which they are linked, form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or perhydroazepin group.
• R1 is formyl, acetyl, methylaminocarbonyl, methylaminothiocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminothiocarbonyl, methylsulfonyl, aminocarbonyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, methyl, pyrrolidinylcarbonyl or 4-fluorophenylaminocarbonyl.
• R2 is preferably hydrogen or lower alkyl, most preferably hydrogen or methyl, or R1 and R2 are linked together to form a 5-7 membered unsubstituted lactam ring or a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or perhydroazepin.
• R3.R5 are preferably hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethyl or acetyl and R6-R8 are preferably all hydrogen.
• Ar is preferably phenyl, 3-indolyl, 1 -indolyl, or pyrimidyl or phenyl, 3-indolyl, 1 -indolyl or pyrimidyl substituted with halogen.
• a preferred subclass of compounds are those wherein R1 is acetyl and R2 is H and in particular such compounds wherein Ar is indolyl or phenyl substituted with halogen, especially chloro. If Ar is 3-indolyl it is preferably substituted in the 6- position and if it is phenyl, it is preferably substituted in the 4-position.
• R1 is a group R10R11NCO- or R10R11NCS- wherein R10 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower-alkyl or aryl and R11 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R2 is hydrogen.
• R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkylsulfonyl in particular methyl or methylsulfonyl and R2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, in particular methyl, or R1 and R2 are linked together to form a pyrrolidinon ring or a pyrrolidinyl ring.
• Preferred compounds are :
• organic salts are those with maleic, fumaric, benzoic, ascorbic, embonic, succinic, oxalic, bis-methylenesalicylic, methanesulfonic, ethanedisulfonic, acetic, propionic, tartaric, salicylic, citric, gluconic, lactic, malic, mandelic, cinnamic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, itaconic, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic, and theophylline acetic acids, as well as the 8-halotheophyllines, for example 8- bromotheophylline.
• inorganic salts are those with hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, and nitric acids.
• compositions of this invention or those which are manufactured in accordance with this invention may be administered by any suitable route, for example orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, etc., or parente- rally in the form of solutions for injection.
• suitable route for example orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, etc., or parente- rally in the form of solutions for injection.
• methods well known in the art may be used, and any pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients, or other additives normally used in the art may be used.
• the compounds of the invention are administered in unit dosage form containing said compounds in an amount of about 0.01 to 100 mg.
• the total daily dose is usually in the range of about 0.05 - 500 mg, and most preferably about 0.1 to 50 mg of the active compound of the invention.
• the invention moreover relates to a method for the preparation of the novel 4-Aryl- 1-[amino(indan, dihydrobenzofuran or dihydrobenzothiophene)methyl]piperidines, -tetrahydropyridines or -piperazines of Formula I, comprising :
• Ri is lower alk(en/yn)yl, cycloalk(en)yl, cycloalk(en)yl-lower alk(en/yn)yl or aryl-lower alkyl, alkylating an amino derivative of Formula II with an alkylating agent such as an alkylhalogenide Rf -hal, a mesylate Ri ' OSO 2 CH 3 , a tosylate Ri ' OSC ⁇ C 6 H 4 -CH 3 , or a similar alkylating reagent with suitable leaving groups, R* being lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cycloalk(en)yl, cycloalk(en)yl-lower alk(en/yn)yl or aryl-lower alkyl;
• R* being lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cycloalk(en)yl, cycloalk(en)y
• R1-RS, X, Y, and Ar are as previously defined;
• R1-R8, X, Y, Z, Ar, and the dotted line are as previously defined, and w is a leaving group such as eg. halogen, mesylate, or tosylate; or
• R3-R8, X, Y, Z, Ar, m, Q, T and the dotted line are as previously defined and w is a leaving group such as halogen, mesylate, or tosylate;
• R2 - R8, X, Y, Z, Ar and the dotted line are as previously defined and R1'" is such a group that the group Ri"' CH 2 constitutes a lower alk(en/yn)yl, cycloalk- (en)yl, cycloalk(en)yl-lower alk(en/yn)yl or aryl-lower alkyl as embraced by the definition of R 1 ; or
• R3 ' - R5 is hydrogen and the other two are the correponding R3, R4 or R5 as previously defined and RL R2, R6-R8, X, Y, Z , Ar and the dotted line are as previously defined, by using a reactive reagent such as a halogen or a halogenating agent, a sulfonating agent, a nitration agent or a reactive agent generating car- bonium ions (RCO+, R+) wherein R is alkyl alkynyl, aryl cycloalkyl, or cycloalk (en/yn)yl; or
• a reactive reagent such as a halogen or a halogenating agent, a sulfonating agent, a nitration agent or a reactive agent generating car- bonium ions (RCO+, R+) wherein R is alkyl alkynyl, aryl cycloalkyl, or cycloalk (en
• the reaction in Method a) is conveniently performed at low temperature (eg. below room temperature) in an inert solvent such as acetone, dichloromethane, tetrahydro- furan or dimethoxyethane when reactive carboxylic acid chlorides, isocyanates, or isothiocyanates are used.
• an inert solvent such as acetone, dichloromethane, tetrahydro- furan or dimethoxyethane when reactive carboxylic acid chlorides, isocyanates, or isothiocyanates are used.
• Formylated amines are prepared from the corresponding amines by reaction in formic acid, with esters of formic acid, or by reaction with mixed formic acid anhydride prepared in situ.
• reaction temperatures are between 0°C and the boiling point of the formyl precursor compounds.
• the alkylations according to Methods b) and d) are generally performed by refluxing in a suitable solvent such as acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethanol or 2-propanol in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate.
• a suitable solvent such as acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethanol or 2-propanol
• a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate.
• the reductions of double bonds according to Methods c) and h) are generally performed by catalytic hydrogenation at low pressure ( ⁇ 3 atm.) in a Parr apparatus, or by using reducing agents such as diborane in inert solvents such as tetrahydro ⁇ furan, dioxane, or diethyl ether.
• the reductions according to Methods f) and i) are generally performed by use of LiAIH 4 , AIH 3 or diborane in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or diethyl ether at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature.
• the halogenation according to Method g) is generally performed by use of chlorine, bromine, or N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide or another halogen precur ⁇ sor molecule, conveniently in the presence of a catalyst such as Fe ions or a mineral acid.
• the N-protecting group (carbamate, benzyl, sulfonyl, acetyl) is finally removed in a conventional manner.
• melting points were determined on a B ⁇ chi SMP-20 apparatus. Melting points are given as uncorrected values. 1H NMR spectra were recorded at 250 MHz on a Bruker AC 250 spectrometer. Deuterated chloroform (99,8 %D) or dimethylsulfoxide (99,9 %D) were used as solvents. TMS was used as internal reference standard. Chemical shift values are expressed in ppm-values.
• 5-Nitro-3-benzothiophencarboxylic acid was prepared from 3-bromo-5-nitrobenzo- thiophene via the corresponding 3-cyanobenzothiophene derivative according to EP Pat. No. 88-301073 (CA110(9):75203y (1988), J.Amer.Chem.Soc. 1948, 70, 1955, and J. Chem. Soc. (c) 1967, 1899.
• Dimethylformamide (DMF, 1 ml) was added to a solution of 6-nitro-1-indancarboxy- lic acid, 1 a (13 g) and thionylchloride (18 ml) in dichloromethane (125 ml). The mixture was heated to reflux for 4 hours. Toluene was added and volatile material was evaporated in vacuo. The thus obtained carboxylic acid chloride was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 ml) and added dropwise to a solution of 4-(4-fluoro phenyl)piperidine (19.5 g) and triethylamine (7 ml) in dichloromethane (100 ml) at 0- 5 °C.
• 1-lndancarboxylic acid (20 g), DMF (2 ml), and thionylchloride (53 g) in dichlorome ⁇ thane (250) were refluxed for 4 hours. Volatile material was evaporated in vacuo and remaining thionylchloride was removed by evaporation with toluene in vacuo. The remaining carboxylic acid chloride was dissolved in dichloromethane (200 ml) and added dropwise to a solution of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine (58 g) in dichloro ⁇ methane (200 ml) at 0-5 °C.
• the crude title product was purified by column chromato ⁇ graphy on silica gel (eluted with 4% triethylamine in ethanol / ethyl acetate 1 :3).
• the purified product (2 g) was dissolved in acetone (20 ml) and added to a solution of fumaric acid (0.6 g) in ethanol (20 ml).
• the precipitated hemifumarate salt was filtered off and dried. Yield : 1.6 g, mp: 172-174 °C.
• 5-Nitro-3-benzothiophencarboxylic acid 1 (20 g) was converted into the correspon- ding carboxylic acid chloride as in Example 2.
• the acid chloride was dissolved in THF (200 ml) and added dropwise to a solution of 5-chloro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-1 H- indole, 9a (19 g) and triethylamine (10 ml) in THF (200 ml) at 0-5 °C. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. THF was evaporated. Water was added to the remaining oil.
• the crude title compound was purified by coloumn chromatography on silica gel (eluted with 4% triethylamine in ethyl acetate). Yield : 0.8 g.
• the oxalate salt of the title compound crystallized from a 1:1 mixture of acetone and ethanol. Mp: 168-174 °C.
• (+)-enantiomer of compound 4a was prepared from (+)-6-Nitro-1-indancarboxyl- ic acid, 13a according to the methods in Examples 2 and 4. Mp : 145-146 °C. 1 H
• the compounds of the invention were tested in well recognized and reliable methods.
• the well-known 5-HT 2A antagonist MDL 100,907 and the well-known 5-HT-i A antagonist buspirone were included in the tests as reference compounds.
• the tests were as follows, and the results are given in the following Table 1.
• Binding Data (IC 50 values in nM or % inhibition of binding at 100nM)
• the compounds of the invention were tested with respect to affinity for the dopamine D receptor by determining their ability to inhibit the binding of 3H-spiroperidol to D 2 receptors by the method of Hyttel et al, J. Neurochem., 1985, 44, 1615. Furthermore, they were tested with respect to their 5- HT reuptake inhibiting effect by measuring their ability to inhibit the uptake of 3H- serotonin in rat brain synapsomes in vitro by the method descibed by Hyttel and Larsen, Ada Pharmacol. Tox., 1985, 56, suppl. 1, 146-153.
• the compounds of the invention have been found potently to inhibit both the binding of tritiated 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT) to 5-HT 1 A receptors and the binding of 3H ketanserin to 5-HT 2A receptors in vitro.
• Some compounds only bind to one of the two serotonin receptor subtypes, 5-HT-IA or 5- HT 2A -
• 5-HT-IA or 5- HT 2A - In addition to these affects, a number of the compounds have proven to have the further advantage of a potent 5-HT reuptake inhibiting effect.
• the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, other psychoses, anxiety disorders, such as generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, alcohol abuse, impulse control disorders aggres- sion, side effects induced by conventional antipsychotic agents, ischaemic disease states, migraine, senile dementia and cardiovascular disorders and in the improve ⁇ ment of sleep.
• anxiety disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder
• depression depression
• alcohol abuse impulse control disorders aggres- sion
• side effects induced by conventional antipsychotic agents ischaemic disease states
• migraine migraine
• senile dementia and cardiovascular disorders and in the improve ⁇ ment of sleep.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the invention may be prepared by conventional methods in the art.
• Tablets may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with ordinary adjuvants and/or diluents and subsequently compressing the mixture in a conven ⁇ tional tabletting machine.
• adjuvants or diluents comprise: corn starch, potato starch, talcum, magnesium stearate, gelatine, lactose, gums, and the like. Any other adjuvants or additives usually used for such purposes such as colourings, flavourings, preservatives etc. may be used provided that they are compatible with the active ingredients.
• Solutions for injections may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient and possible additives in a part of the solvent for injection, preferably sterile water, adjusting the solution to desired volume, sterilization of the solution and filling in suitable ampules or vials.
• Any suitable additive conventionally used in the art may be added, such as tonicity agents, preservatives, antioxidants, etc.
• Typical examples of recipes for the formulation of the invention are as follows:

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