WO1994009885A1 - Biofiltre - Google Patents

Biofiltre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994009885A1
WO1994009885A1 PCT/DK1993/000357 DK9300357W WO9409885A1 WO 1994009885 A1 WO1994009885 A1 WO 1994009885A1 DK 9300357 W DK9300357 W DK 9300357W WO 9409885 A1 WO9409885 A1 WO 9409885A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
carrier material
microorganisms
biologically active
flue gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1993/000357
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arne Kjaer Poulsen
Per Brock
Lars Brock
Olav Krogh Nielsen
Original Assignee
Bbk Bio Air-Clean Aps
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DK133192A external-priority patent/DK133192D0/da
Application filed by Bbk Bio Air-Clean Aps filed Critical Bbk Bio Air-Clean Aps
Priority to DE4395423T priority Critical patent/DE4395423T1/de
Priority to AU62800/94A priority patent/AU6280094A/en
Priority to JP6510582A priority patent/JPH09505509A/ja
Priority claimed from DK145793A external-priority patent/DK145793A/da
Publication of WO1994009885A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994009885A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for deodorization of flue gas through decomposition of gaseous components, in which the flue gas is conducted through a filter comprising an inactive carrier material which preferably consists of a combi ⁇ nation of inorganic and organic material, said filter also comprising a biologically active medium, preferably microorganisms.
  • the invention further relates to a filter substance for use by the method and the use of biological organisms with specific characteristics.
  • DK publication No. 144458 discloses a method for separating gaseous impurities from a gaseous medium.
  • the separation takes place in a filter with a biologically active medium which consists of organic waste material and/or purification sludge and possibly compost.
  • a biological medium consisting of these components will be able to absorb a wide range of different smells from waste gases.
  • this biological medium will not be specifically applicable for a particular smell in a given waste gas in which case there will be many microorganisms present in the medium which are not necessary.
  • a biologically active medium of this kind there will be a large number of different microorganisms some of which are active, some decompose the active ones while still others are passive. The effectiveness compared to the filter size is consequently limited.
  • DE patent No. 3,345,944 discloses a method for separating gaseous organic pollutants through oxidization with bacteria.
  • the bacteria comprise the species contained in purification sludge. Like in the method disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, this is a disadvantage since such a biological medium comprises a wide range of bacteria not all of which are active in the separation process. There is the additional disadvantage that bacteria contained in purification sludge are mostly anaerobic bacteria, which are less efficient than aerobic bacteria.
  • EP patent application No. 0,464,661 discloses a bio filter for purification of polluting gases.
  • the bio filter consists of a mixture of porous concrete granulate and a soil material in a given mixture proportion and with a given grain size. The composition of the soil material is not specified but, like the biological media discussed in the above publications, soil material such as humus or peat contains a variety of different bacteria, not nearly all of which are active in the separation process.
  • the effectiveness of a bio filter is determined by the number of active biological organisms, including microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, per volume unit, and the volume depends on the carrier material used and on the degree of concentration of microorganisms that can be contained in that carrier material.
  • the carrier material consists preferably of a mixture of inorganic and organic materials, e.g. vesicular clay products such as Fibo or Leca nuts, lava, vermiculite, plastic granulate, etc. , whereto is added for example compost, sludge, sphagnum, humus or other organic material.
  • the addition of the organic material notably ensures that the microorganisms have something to feed on when the input of flue gas is reduced or when the content of nutrients in the flue gas is reduced.
  • Said carrier material which consists of a specific combination of the above-mentioned or other suitable materials, is subjected to pasteurization, radiation, or other thermic, mechanical or chemical treatment in order to sterilize the carrier material.
  • the carrier material has been sterilized, there are no live organisms present in the material, primarily all microorganisms have been destroyed.
  • selected microorganisms with specific characteristics are added, selected according to the flue gas or gases to be deodorized.
  • the number of specific microorganisms added is sufficient for the filter to be saturated by them. This reduces the risk that other undesirable microorganisms will have a chance to oust the active microorganisms and establish themselves in the filter.
  • In order to maintain the required population of active microorganisms it will be necessary, in periods when the flue gas does not contain sufficient nutrients for the microorganisms, to add supplementary nutrients so that the microorganisms may survive and multiply.
  • the filter only contains selected microorganisms with specific characteristics and does not contain undesirable microorganisms which are either passive or feed on the active microorganisms, the effectiveness of the filter is consequently as high as it can be since all the microorganisms are active.
  • the microorganisms used are preferably aerobe bacteria and possibly fungi.
  • the process velocity of the aerobe microorganisms for the flue gases in question is higher than the process velocity of the anaerobe microorganisms.
  • a preferred way of producing the filter is primarily to sterilize the organic part of the carrier material and, if possible, to avoid sterilizing the inorganic part since the latter will rarely contain any microorganisms. By only sterilizing the organic part, the costs of sterilization are minimized substantially. In some cases, however, it may prove necessary to sterilize the inorganic part as well.
  • the mixture of the sterilized organic part and the optionally unsterilized or sterilized inorganic part of the carrier material is delivered to the user in tightly closed sacks or other kind of packaging which will prevent microorganisms from entering the carrier material.
  • the carrier material is added immediately before the installation is put to use.
  • the carrier material is moistened through the addition of water, preferably in the shape of atomized water, in order to provide the correct humidity in the filter for the survival of the microorganisms.
  • other nutritional substrates in addition to the organic part of the carrier material may be added in order to provide a sufficient amount of food for the microorganisms in periods when the content of nutrients in the flue gas is low.
  • microorganisms are added, which are given optimal life conditions by the combination of organic and inorganic carrier material without alien microorganisms.
  • the amount of microorganisms to be added is determined by the bio filter being at least saturated, possibly supersaturated, so that other microorga ⁇ nisms will not be allowed to establish themselves.
  • the filter is equipped with a water atomizer equipment which is able to provide continuous and evenly distributed moistening of the plant.
  • a water atomizer equipment which is able to provide continuous and evenly distributed moistening of the plant.
  • the microorganisms added to the filter vary depending on the smell to be removed. Either bacteria or fungi or a mixture of these two types of microorganisms are added.
  • the filter may also have macroorganisms in the form of live plants which may also have a decomposing effect on the smells of the flue gas.
  • a range of microorganisms that may be applied will be the following, which is in no way a complete list: Bacteria, such as nitrification bacteria, Myco bacteria, Chemo- lithotrophene bacteria, Coryne-shaped bacteria, Micromonospora and Hyphomicrobium sp. bacteria, Cromo and Flavo bacteria, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus, Xanthobacter sp. Nocardia sp., Proteus, Streptomyces sp., and Actinomyces and others. Furthermore, a wide range of fungi may be applied, such as Penicillum sp. Cephalosprium sp., Mucor sp., Circinella sp., Cephalotecium sp. Ovularia sp. and
  • microorganisms only comprise the types bacteria and fungi. This does not rule out, however, that it may be possible also to use yeast for deodorizing the flue gas.
  • Bio filter consisting of approx 4,000 sq.m of "bed type" filter containing among other things heather and sphagnum.
  • PLT 1 Prior art plant consisting of a biosorp containing filter substance with pulverized lava and sphagnum from a purifying plant.
  • PLT 2 Prior art plant consisting of a biosorp containing filter substance with sphagnum and Leca inoculated with sludge from a purifying plant.
  • PLT 3 Plant for use by the method according to the invention and consisting of a biosorp containing filter substance according to the invention with 15 % by volume of 0-4 mm Leca, 35 % by volume of 4-10 mm Leca, 50% by volume of pasteurized compost (worm compost) and microorganisms of type A-92.
  • PLT 4 Plant for use by the method according to the invention and consisting of a biosorp containing filter substance according to the invention with 15 % by volume of 0-4 mm Leca, 35 % by volume of 4-10 mm Leca, 50% by volume of pasteurized compost (worm compost) and selected microorga ⁇ nisms with specific characteristics.
  • PLT 5 Plant for use by the method according to the invention and consisting of a biosorp containing filter substance according to the invention with 15% by volume of 0-4 mm Leca, 35 % by volume of 4-10 mm Leca, 50% by volume of pasteurized compost (worm compost) and microorganisms type B-92.
  • the drawing illustrates how a bio filter 1 for use by the method according to the invention may be constructed.
  • the bio filter comprises a biosorp 2 in which the filter substance 3 is contained.
  • the filter substance 3 rests on a grid 4 so that a hollow space 5 is formed underneath the filter substance.
  • the filter substance comprises approx. 50% by volume of inorganic material, which is preferably porous and granulated in order to obtain a carrier material with a high water absorption capacity and a large surface relative to the volume.
  • Said inorganic material may optionally be sterilized.
  • the filter substance may secondarily comprise organic material intended for nourishment of biological organisms. Said organic material will preferably be sterilized in order to kill any undesirable microorganisms present in said material.
  • the filter substance comprises a biologically active medium consisting of one or more of the aforementioned bacteria or fungi.
  • the biologically active medium may also consist in macroorganisms in the shape of plants which are able to absorb some of the flue gas components to be decomposed, possibly in symbiosis with fungi or bacteria.
  • the biologically active medium it will be possible to make the biologically active medium consist of a combination of micro- and macroorganisms.
  • the bio filter furthermore comprises inlet means 6 for the flue gas in the bottom 7 of the biosorp 2, and outlet means 8 for the deodorized flue gas in the top 9 of the biosorp.
  • the bio filter also comprises an inlet 10 from a so-called "air-fog" equipment for moistening the filter substance with atomized liquid, preferably water, which may have substrates or other elements added that are suitable as nourishment for the biological organisms.
  • atomized liquid preferably water
  • the lower part of the filter substance consists exclusively of Leca nuts or a similar material. In this manner any excessive acid or base residues are adsorbed before the atomized liquid is filled into the biosorp.

Abstract

Procédé de déodorisation de fumées selon lequel les fumées sont admises dans un biofiltre. Le biofiltre est constitué d'un matériau porteur comprenant une partie inorganique et de préférence également une partie organique. La partie organique au moins est stérilisée, après quoi on ajoute au matériau porteur des organismes biologiques sélectionnés possédant des propriétés spécifiques. Grâce à la stérilisation du matériau porteur et à l'apport ultérieur d'organismes biologiques aux propriétés spécifiques, de préférence des microorganismes, on obtient un biofiltre d'un très haut rendement, puisque aucun organisme indésirable n'est présent dans la substance du filtre.
PCT/DK1993/000357 1992-11-02 1993-11-02 Biofiltre WO1994009885A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4395423T DE4395423T1 (de) 1992-11-02 1993-11-02 Bio Filter
AU62800/94A AU6280094A (en) 1992-11-02 1993-11-02 Bio filter
JP6510582A JPH09505509A (ja) 1992-11-02 1993-11-02 バイオフィルター

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK133192A DK133192D0 (da) 1992-11-02 1992-11-02 Biofilter
DK1331/92 1992-11-02
DK00457/93 1993-10-14
DK145793A DK145793A (da) 1993-12-23 1993-12-23 Anordning samt fremgangsmåde til rensning af elektroder i et elektrofilter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994009885A1 true WO1994009885A1 (fr) 1994-05-11

Family

ID=26065592

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1993/000357 WO1994009885A1 (fr) 1992-11-02 1993-11-02 Biofiltre

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6280094A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994009885A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2277762A1 (es) * 2005-10-27 2007-07-16 Pilar Riera Sans Soporte para biofiltracion de gases.
US8865453B2 (en) 2001-05-03 2014-10-21 Intititute For Environmental Management Landfill biofiltration system and methods for removal of gas-phase pollutants and contaminants

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3827143A1 (de) * 1987-09-04 1989-03-16 Hosszuhegyi Mezoegazdasagi Kom Verfahren zur herstellung von biologischem filtereinsatz
EP0312958A1 (fr) * 1987-10-19 1989-04-26 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la conversion microbiologique de polluants contenant du soufre dans des gaz d'échappement
EP0497214A1 (fr) * 1991-01-30 1992-08-05 OTTO LUFT- und KLIMATECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG Bio-filtre et sa fabrication

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3827143A1 (de) * 1987-09-04 1989-03-16 Hosszuhegyi Mezoegazdasagi Kom Verfahren zur herstellung von biologischem filtereinsatz
EP0312958A1 (fr) * 1987-10-19 1989-04-26 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la conversion microbiologique de polluants contenant du soufre dans des gaz d'échappement
EP0497214A1 (fr) * 1991-01-30 1992-08-05 OTTO LUFT- und KLIMATECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG Bio-filtre et sa fabrication

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8865453B2 (en) 2001-05-03 2014-10-21 Intititute For Environmental Management Landfill biofiltration system and methods for removal of gas-phase pollutants and contaminants
ES2277762A1 (es) * 2005-10-27 2007-07-16 Pilar Riera Sans Soporte para biofiltracion de gases.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6280094A (en) 1994-05-24

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