WO1993019764A1 - Verfahren zur gewinnung der inhaltsstoffe von arzneipflanzen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur gewinnung der inhaltsstoffe von arzneipflanzen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993019764A1 WO1993019764A1 PCT/DE1993/000322 DE9300322W WO9319764A1 WO 1993019764 A1 WO1993019764 A1 WO 1993019764A1 DE 9300322 W DE9300322 W DE 9300322W WO 9319764 A1 WO9319764 A1 WO 9319764A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- plants
- juice
- frosting
- frozen
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
Definitions
- Medicinal plants possibly enriched in certain parts of plants such as roots, leaves, flowers or fruits, contain ingredients with a pharmacological effect and form the basis for a considerable number of medicaments.
- ingredients with a pharmacological effect and form the basis for a considerable number of medicaments.
- There are various processes for obtaining these ingredients most of which work on the principle of an extraction of the plants of whatever kind with a suitable extraction agent and a more or less selective solution of certain herbal active ingredients or groups of active ingredients in the extractant give.
- processes which are generally characterized by the plant cells breaking open (by pressing fresh plants) and resulting in a plant sap are becoming increasingly important.
- the invention relates to the extraction of plant juices.
- a fundamental problem in the production of Phytophar aka is the contamination inevitably contained in medicinal plants - be they collected wild or cultivated for agriculture - due to environmental influences.
- other loads from the environment are absorbed and enriched by the plants, for example heavy metals by contact of the plants with rain and dust or by absorption of the ions from soils containing heavy metals.
- proteins enzymes
- polysaccharides which are larger than the cut-off mentioned
- the invention achieves this goal in that the plants are grown to maturity under sterile conditions and in that the cell walls of the plants or the parts of the plants required for obtaining the constituents are destroyed by frost while maintaining the sterile conditions to release the plant sap.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that even if it should be possible to develop considerably improved analysis and separation methods, the decontamination of plant juices will always remain a problem, ie always with effort and / or an impairment of the active principle zips will be connected. In consistent pursuit of this knowledge, the invention therefore leaves the path taken so far to accept contamination of the plants as inevitable and to look for possibilities for subsequent seek the elimination of the contamination. Instead, the invention now proposes growing the plants until they are ready for harvesting under sterile conditions and thus keeping them free of any contaminants from the outset, so that a crop-specific juice which is not adulterated by external influences is present in the plant .
- This sterile cultivation of the plants is sharply differentiated from the known in vitro cultures in which callus or cell cultures are induced to form very specific active substances with the aid of suitable substrates.
- in vitro cultures can even be used to produce active ingredients that do not occur in the natural plant at all.
- the invention does not depend on individual active substances or their enrichment, but rather on the contrary the maintenance of the species-specific pattern of all the substances contained in a natural plant, both in qualitative and in quantitative material composition. With in vitro cultures, no species-specific pattern of all ingredients of the underlying plant can be generated.
- the invention is not limited to the proposal to grow the plants in a sterile manner, but rather combines this proposal with a special process step for releasing the juice from the plant cell, namely with a frosting of the plants or the required plant parts . It is only through this combination that the aim of the invention of obtaining a natural plant juice from the plant is achieved.
- the plant sap has been released by pressing the plants, ie by mechanically crushing the cells at room temperature. Since this also destroys subcellular compartments (e.g. microsomes with the degrading enzymes contained therein, the cell nucleus with building enzymes, mitochondria as the site of carbon degradation and chloroplasts as the site of carbon buildup) of the plant cell, enzyme systems and their substrates can suddenly appear in the resulting juice meet, which are normally separated from each other by membranes. This leads to uncontrolled internal reactions in the juice (in particular their enzymatic catalysis, but also non-specific radical reactions) that do not occur at all in the normal metabolism of the cell.
- subcellular compartments e.g. microsomes with the degrading enzymes contained therein, the cell nucleus with building enzymes, mitochondria as the site of carbon degradation and chloroplasts as the site of carbon buildup
- the gentle release is achieved in the context of the invention by freezing the plants or the plant parts required for juice extraction.
- the water contained in the cells forms fine, needle-shaped ice crystals, which penetrate the cell walls and cut from the inside.
- the subcellular compartments are also cut, at least in part, but the compressive and shear forces which are unavoidable during pressing and which may introduce considerable additional energy (heat) into the system and thus to accelerate the internal reactions are eliminated contribute.
- the cracking of the cell walls by frost represents a pronounced "low-energy" process, the main advantage of which is that it can be used at temperatures below takes place at half the freezing point and thus at temperatures at which the internal reactions are largely or completely inhibited.
- the second step of the method according to the invention also follows the leitmotif of the invention, namely "avoiding harmful influences instead of eliminating their consequences”.
- the frosting in the absence of light in order to inhibit the phytochrome system of the plant and to avoid unspecific light-dependent subsequent reactions. It is also expedient to carry out the frosting with the exclusion of oxygen (e.g. under nitrogen, but preferably in vacuo), so that redox reactions are also avoided if possible.
- oxygen e.g. under nitrogen, but preferably in vacuo
- the plant frozen in this way is in principle a frozen porridge made from the desired plant sap and the remains of the cell walls and membranes.
- This porridge is expediently kept frozen until the juice has been consumed, so that the undesired internal reactions remain inhibited not only when the cell is broken open but also without interruption until the juice is consumed.
- all active proteins are preserved in their tertiary structure.
- the porridge is carefully thawed (for example in the refrigerator at 2-8 ° C.) and the solids are removed by filtration, the thawing and filtration steps in turn being expediently carried out with the exclusion of light and oxygen become.
- the juice obtained in this way represents a phytopharmaceutical with an unprecedented effectiveness with the highest purity.
- This example describes the extraction of the ingredients of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) and was chosen because the juice of carnivorous plants is mostly particularly contaminated. This is because, when digesting the insects they attract, carnivorous plants are forced to increase the permeability of their protective epidermis, so that e.g. microorganisms introduced by the insects can get particularly easily into the interior of the plant.
- the seeds were stirred in 2% sodium hypochloride with a drop of a commercially available dishwashing detergent for about 5 minutes. The seeds were then washed several times with Aqua injectabilia. The seeds sterilized in this way were placed on agar in a petri dish. 2. Seed germination
- the seedlings were incubated for 6 days at 25 'C with 2000 lux exposure for 16 h per day.
- the plants were transferred to the culture medium according to step 2 for cultivation on further petri dishes and continuously incubated under the conditions according to step 2.
- the reaction was repeated when the culture medium was exhausted (approximately every 3-4 weeks).
- the plants were propagated to a suitable growth level by conventional methods by vegetative division. This ensures a uniform biomass with regard to the genetic and physiological properties.
- Steps 4 and 5 were then carried out with the plants, which had grown on average, essentially the same, and always under the same conditions (standardization for the purpose of producing a homogeneous plant material).
- the one-off implementation of steps 3 - 5 for the quantity of plants resulting from a seed batch can thus be regarded as the production of a batch of the vegetable sap.
- the plants were transferred from the Petri dishes in flasks of 1 l content to a liquid culture medium of the following composition: 12 g sucrose / 800 ml
- the plants were previously rinsed with aqua injectabilia to remove agar residues. The amount of plants transferred was weighed. The flasks were aerated with sterile air to mix the medium. Incubation was constant at 25 ° C with 4000 lux exposure for 16 h per day.
- the plants were transferred to flasks of 2 l content under otherwise identical culture conditions.
- the plants - again under otherwise the same culture conditions - were transferred to flasks of 10 l in which they were grown for a further 8 weeks. With each transfer, all plants with above-average or below-average growth were discarded.
- step 4 The plants obtained according to step 4 were rinsed in the flask with aqua injectabilia until the culture medium had been completely removed. Then the flasks were frozen at -25 ° to -35 ° C and stored at -18 ° C until the juice was consumed. To consume the juice, the plants were thawed at -4 ° C. in a dark refrigerator, and then the juice was separated from the solids by sterile filtration (microfilter 0.2 ⁇ m). The result was a clear, light yellowish juice that was stable in the dark refrigerator, i.e. under these conditions, the extent of the internal processes taking place in the juice proved to be minimal.
- the juice obtained according to step 5 was stored under sterile conditions in the dark at 4 ° C. for 5 days and then examined for some selected properties. The results found are given in the "Juice Step 5 (Invention)” column of Table 1.
- a conventional press juice was also produced from the plants obtained in step 4, at room temperature using a hand press. The resulting juice was filtered and stored in the same way as the juice obtained according to step 5 (a relatively rapid darkening was observed during storage) and then examined for the same properties. The values found are given in the "Press juice (comparison)" column in Table 1.
- the juice was decolorized using activated charcoal and filtered again with ⁇ -sterile for the mood of the test and the detection of the aldolase activity.
- Table 1 shows considerable differences between the values of the juice obtained according to the invention in step 5 and those of the pressed juice.
- the juice obtained according to step 5 has a clear aldolase activity, while no more aldolase activity can be determined in the pressed juice.
- fresh plant material was processed according to step 4 by puree at 0 ° C. (ice bath) to a homogenate which, upon immediate examination, had an aldolase activity of 0.41 mU / ml and after 4 h storage in an ice bath had an Aldolase activity of 0.37 mU / ml, in each case based on 10 ⁇ g protein.
- This example describes the production of the natural ingredients of the red coneflower (Echinacea p ⁇ rpurea), a non-carnivorous plant.
- the procedure was essentially analogous to Example 1, but the germination (in the dark), the growth periods between the reactions (only about 3 weeks) and the incubation conditions (20 ° C. instead of 25 ° C.) were adapted to the plant-specific conditions .
- the liquid culture also contained 0.1 mg / 1 ⁇ -naphthalene acetic acid and 0.1 mg / 1 benzyladenine.
- the plants can also be frosted (and subsequently stored) in a particularly expedient manner in vacuo. To do this, it is sufficient to seal the bags under vacuum before freezing.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19924211296 DE4211296A1 (de) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-04-03 | Verfahren zur Gewinnung der Inhaltsstoffe von Arzneipflanzen |
DEP4211296.6 | 1992-04-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993019764A1 true WO1993019764A1 (de) | 1993-10-14 |
Family
ID=6456043
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1993/000322 WO1993019764A1 (de) | 1992-04-03 | 1993-04-02 | Verfahren zur gewinnung der inhaltsstoffe von arzneipflanzen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0587852A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU3887393A (de) |
DE (1) | DE4211296A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993019764A1 (de) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1984002652A1 (fr) * | 1982-12-30 | 1984-07-19 | Goemar Lab Sa | Nouveau produit physiologique extrait d'algues et de plantes, procede de preparation, appareillage d'extraction et applications |
-
1992
- 1992-04-03 DE DE19924211296 patent/DE4211296A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-04-02 WO PCT/DE1993/000322 patent/WO1993019764A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-04-02 AU AU38873/93A patent/AU3887393A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-04-02 EP EP19930907787 patent/EP0587852A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1984002652A1 (fr) * | 1982-12-30 | 1984-07-19 | Goemar Lab Sa | Nouveau produit physiologique extrait d'algues et de plantes, procede de preparation, appareillage d'extraction et applications |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3887393A (en) | 1993-11-08 |
DE4211296A1 (de) | 1993-10-07 |
EP0587852A1 (de) | 1994-03-23 |
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