WO1993010925A1 - Procedes ameliores d'assemblage de minces feuilles de tole - Google Patents

Procedes ameliores d'assemblage de minces feuilles de tole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993010925A1
WO1993010925A1 PCT/AU1992/000631 AU9200631W WO9310925A1 WO 1993010925 A1 WO1993010925 A1 WO 1993010925A1 AU 9200631 W AU9200631 W AU 9200631W WO 9310925 A1 WO9310925 A1 WO 9310925A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slug
rivet
panels
punch
clinched joint
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1992/000631
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stuart Edmund Blacket
Ralph Fuhrmeister
Original Assignee
Henrob Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=3775852&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1993010925(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Henrob Ltd filed Critical Henrob Ltd
Priority to EP92923611A priority Critical patent/EP0614405B2/fr
Priority to JP50963593A priority patent/JP3346566B2/ja
Priority to AU29367/92A priority patent/AU670418B2/en
Priority to BR9206821A priority patent/BR9206821A/pt
Priority to DE69230291T priority patent/DE69230291T3/de
Priority to KR1019940701787A priority patent/KR100270634B1/ko
Publication of WO1993010925A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993010925A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
    • B21D39/031—Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/36—Rivet sets, i.e. tools for forming heads; Mandrels for expanding parts of hollow rivets

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved panel clinching methods.
  • the term “clinching” is also known as “press joining” or “integral fastening”.
  • Spot welding is the most commonly used technique for joining vehicle body components in the automotive industries. As the strength of each spot weld cannot be guaranteed, eg. due to the inclusion of rubbish between the components, or poor weld penetration, designers must increase the number of welds to ensure adequate joint strength. Spot welding has not yet been developed as an accurate, reliable method for joining galvanised steel or aluminium components.
  • a further alternative method is metal clinching, where two sheets of metal are deformed into a locking engagement using a punch-and-die combination.
  • metal clinching methods are disclosed in: 1. DE 4009813 (Fraunhoffer-Ges Ford Ange); 2. DE 1452820 (Philips Patentscience GmbH);
  • EP 330061 (Eckold W. & Co GmbH); 5. EP 215449 (Rapp E.);
  • the present invention resides in a panel clinching method wherein: a hollow rivet or full tubular slug is driven or inserted into a clinched joint and at least the inner end of the shank of the rivet or slug is outwardly-deformed within the joint.
  • outwardly-deformed shall be used to include deformation of all or part of the shank or stem of the rivet or slug in at least one direction lateral
  • the rivet or slug may be inserted into the joint as the joint is formed, the rivet or slug co-operating with the punch to deform the panels into the supporting die.
  • the rivet or slug co-operates with the metal panels into the die, and a sleeve external to the punch then deforms the rivet or slug within the joint.
  • the bore of the rivet or slug may be threaded, serrated or otherwise profiled to engage and support an anchor for, eg. a wiring loom support, a trim cover panel fastener or the like.
  • a plastic insert may be fitted to the rivet or slug to provide a flush outer face.
  • the panels are pre-clamped to the die before the punch drives the rivet or slug into the panels to form the clinched joint; or before the clinched joint is formed and the rivet or slug is then inserted into the joint.
  • the present invention resides in a panel clinching method where a solid or semi-tubular rivet or slug is driven or inserted into a clinched joint and at least the inner end of the shank of the rivet or slug is outwardly-deformed within the joint.
  • the rivet or slug is interposed between the punch and the outer panel (to be joined) and the rivet or slug is used to deform the metal panels into the die as the clinched joint is formed.
  • a conventional button-type clinched joint is formed and then the rivet or slug is pressed into the joint by the punch.
  • the panels are pre-clamped to the die before the clinched joint is formed.
  • the present invention resides in a panel clinching method where a ring, or a body or component having a tapered bore or recess, is supported by a die and at least one panel is deformed into the ring or the bore or recess to form a clinched joint therewith.
  • the panels are deformed behind the ring or into engagement with inwardly-divergent walls in the recess.
  • the method of the third aspect is used in combination with the hollow rivet or tubular slug of the first aspect, or the solid or semi- tubular rivet or slug of the second aspect.
  • the present invention resides in a clinched joint for panels formed by the method of any one of the first to fourth aspects.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for joining sheet metal panels, it is also suitable for polymeric materials (eg. polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, nylon) where one or more metal panels are substituted by panels of polymeric material.
  • polymeric materials eg. polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, nylon
  • the methods are suitable for joining, eg. an aluminium sheet to a polypropylene sheet, where the polymeric sheet may be locally preheated (eg. by the supporting die) to assist in the "flow" of the polymeric material as the joint is formed.
  • the rings or components may also be formed of polymeric material and be clinched to metal and/or polymeric material sheets.
  • the shanks of the rivets or slugs may be provided with external splines, grooves, teeth or other protrusions or recesses to provide additional grip between the rivets or slugs and the panels in the clinched joint.
  • Adhesives can be applied, eg. to the shanks of the rivets or slugs to assist bonding of the rivets or slugs to the panels. Adhesives may also be provided within the bore of the tubular or semi-tubular rivets or slugs to be extruded into the clinched joint, as the rivets or slugs are deformed, to assist the bonding of the rivets or slugs to the panels.
  • FIG 1 is a sectional side view of a hollow rivet or tubular slug suitable for clinching two panels of metal together;
  • FIGS 2 to 5 are sectional side views of the steps in a two-stage process of forming a clinched joint of a first embodiment
  • FIG 6 is a sectional side view of the clinched joint of the first embodiment
  • FIG 7 is a sectional side view of a modified tubular rivet or slug
  • FIGS 8 to 11 are sectional side views of the steps in a single-stage process of forming a clinched joint of a second embodiment
  • FIG 12 is a sectional side view of the clinched joint of the second embodiment
  • FIG 13 is a sectional side view of a solid rivet or slug
  • FIGS 14 and 15 are sectional side views of the steps of forming a clinched joint of a third embodiment
  • FIG 16 is a sectional side view of the clinched joint of the third embodiment
  • FIG 17 is a sectional side view of a semi- tubular rivet or slug
  • FIGS 18 to 22 are sectional side views of the steps of forming a clinched joint of the fourth embodiment
  • FIG 23 is a sectional side view of the clinched joint of the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG 24 is a (a) top plan, (b) sectional side, and (c) bottom plan view of a ring;
  • FIG 25 is a sectional view of the clinched joint of the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG 26 is a similar view of a modified form of the clinched joint of FIG 25;
  • FIG 27 is a (a) top plan, (b) sectional side, and (c) bottom plan view of a component;
  • FIG 28 is a sectional side view of a clinched joint of a sixth embodiment
  • FIG 29 is a similar view of a modified form of the clinched joint of FIG 28;
  • FIG 30 is a (a) top plan, (b) sectional side, and (c) bottom plan view of a second component;
  • FIG 31 is a sectional side view of a clinched joint of a seventh embodiment
  • FIG 32 is a sectional side view showing the clinched joint of FIG 31 where the component is supported in a die.
  • the metal panels 12, 13 to be joined together are supported on the die assembly 14 of a clinching tool(s), the die assembly having expandable and contractable collets 16 associated with a collet holder 17 and anvil 18 arranged to allow the joint 11 to be released when formed.
  • the clinching tool 15 has a pre-clamping head 19 which clamps the metal panels 12, 13 to the die assembly and has internal (spring-loaded) balls 19A to locate and centralise the rivet 10.
  • a punch 20 is slidably journalled in a sleeve 21, slidably journalled in the pre-clamping head 19, and the punch 20 and sleeve 21 are connected to respective hydraulic rams (not shown) .
  • the punch 20 is driven through the rivet 10 into engagement with the upper panel 12; the sleeve 21 engaging the rivet 10.
  • the punch 20 and rivet 10 are advanced to deform the metal panels 12, 13 into the die assembly 14 (see FIG 4).
  • the sleeve 21 is then advanced to cause the inner end of the rivet 10 to be outwardly-deformed (see FIGS 5 and 6) .
  • the anvil 18 can be spring-loaded or forcibly raised as a post-forming operation against the punch 20 to assist in deforming the rivet or slug.
  • the insertion and deformation of the rivet assists in locking the metal panels 12, 13 together, with increase in the shear and axial separation strength(s) (ie. in the direction of arrows A and B, respectively) .
  • the bore 22 of the rivet 10 may be threaded to receive a fastener or plug to support, eg. an electrical wiring loom or a plastic insert to form a flush cover for the clinched joint 11.
  • a modified tubular rivet 110 has a tapered end 123 to its inner bore 122.
  • the sleeve 21 is eliminated and the punch 120 is slidably journalled in the pre-clamping head 119.
  • the metal sheets 112, 113 are supported by the die assembly 114 and clamped thereto by the clamping head 119.
  • the punch 120 engages the rivet 110 (see FIG 9) and drives the rivet 110 into the metal panels 112, 113 which are deformed into the die assembly 114 (see FIG 10).
  • the punch 120 is further advanced (see FIG 11) to deform the inner end of the rivet 110 to form the clinched joint 111 (see FIG 12).
  • a solid or semi-tubular rivet or slug may be used. Referring now to FIGS 13 to 16, a solid slug
  • FIG 13 has a concave recess 222 at its lower end and is used to form the clinched joint 211 of FIG 16.
  • the metal sheets 212, 213 are clamped to the die assembly 214 by the clamping head 219 (see FIG 14).
  • the punch 220 is advanced to drive the slug 210 (as an extension of the punch 220) into the metal panels 212, 213 to deform the panels into the die assembly 214 to form the clinched joint 211.
  • the head of the slug 210 is flush with the outer face of panel 212 and such a joint is suitable where aesthetic appeal is required, eg. on a visible surface of a vehicle body.
  • the semi-tubular slug 310 (see FIG 17) has a tapered end 323 to its bore 322. In the two-stage process shown in FIGS 18 to 18
  • the metal panels 312, 313 are pre-clamped to the die assembly 314 by the clamping head 319 and the punch 320 is advanced (see FIG 19) to form a conventional button- type clinched joint 311A (see FIG 20).
  • the punch 320 is retracted and a semi-tubular slug 310 is placed in the clinching tool.
  • the pre-clamping head 319 clamps the panels (see FIG 21) and the punch 320 is advanced to drive the slug 310 into the clinched joint 311A to deform the slug 310 to form the clinched joint 311 (see FIG 23).
  • the rivets or slugs (10, 110, 210, 310) may be substituted by a (metal or plastic) ring 410 which engages the lower panel 413 to lock the clinched joint 411, the panels 412, 413 being deformed into the divergently tapered bore 422 of the ring 410.
  • the ring 410 is supported by a die assembly (not shown) as the punch (not shown) deforms the panels 412, 413, the ring 410 acting as the die body.
  • straps or clips 424 may be formed integrally with the ring 410, eg. to secure wiring to a vehicle body. If requested, the ring 410 can be combined with the method of FIGS 17 to 23, where a solid or semi-tubular slug is pressed into the clinched joint 411 to form a flush surface with panel 412.
  • a component 510 (see FIGS 27 to 29), with a tapered recess or bore 522, and a screw-threaded hole 525 (as part of a sub-assembly - not shown) can also be employed as the die for the clinched joint 511 and provide a mount for the sub-assembly secured to the panels 512, 513.
  • a solid slug 210 can be pressed into the clinched joint 511.
  • the slug 210 may be screw-threaded and have a slot, Philips-head slot or an Allen-head recess to enable the slug 210 to be removed later if required for dis-assembly of the joint 511.
  • FIGS 30 to 32 show the attachment of a second component 610, with a bore 622 and a plain spigot (FIG 30) or screw-threaded end spigot 626 (FIG 31), secured to the clinch-joint 611.
  • the spigot may also be profiled, eg. engageable in a catch or lock means.
  • FIG 32 shows the component 610 supported by a die assembly 614 during the clinching step.
  • one or both panels may be a polymeric sheet (eg. polypropylene) , it being preferred that the inner sheet, (eg. 13, 113) being the polymeric sheet and the die assembly may be heated at the location of the clinched joint to assist "flow" of the polymeric material.
  • a polymeric sheet eg. polypropylene
  • the rivets 10, 110; slugs 210, 310; ring 410; or components 510, 610 be of the same type of material as the panels as this will obviate the need for disassembly of the joints.
  • the use of an 8mm solid rivet or slug in conjunction with a clinched joint increase the shear strength of a sheet metal joint by 50% and the strength to both the shear and axial separation directions can be maintained within controlled limits, unlike spot welds.

Abstract

Dans un joint d'assemblage (11) servant à fixer de minces feuilles de tôle (12, 13) ensemble, on introduit un rivet ou une perle de métal (10) dans le joint d'assemblage (11) lorsque ce dernier est formé et l'extrémité interne du rivet ou de la perle de métal (10) est déformé vers l'extérieur pour accroître la résistance au cisaillement et la résistance de la charge à la séparation axiale du joint d'assemblage (11). Des rondelles (410) ou des composants (510, 610) pouvant faire partie de sous-ensembles, peuvent également être fixés sur les minces feuilles de tôle (412, 413; 512, 513; 612, 613) par lesdits procédés d'assemblage, ces rondelles (410) ou composant (510, 610) servant de matrices pour les joints (411, 511, 611).
PCT/AU1992/000631 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 Procedes ameliores d'assemblage de minces feuilles de tole WO1993010925A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92923611A EP0614405B2 (fr) 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 Procedes ameliores d'assemblage de minces feuilles de tole
JP50963593A JP3346566B2 (ja) 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 改良されたパネルクリンチング方法
AU29367/92A AU670418B2 (en) 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 Improved panel clinching methods
BR9206821A BR9206821A (pt) 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 Métodos melhorados de calcamento de painéis
DE69230291T DE69230291T3 (de) 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 Verfahren zur verbindung von platten
KR1019940701787A KR100270634B1 (ko) 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 패널 고정방법 및 패널 고정장치

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK9742 1991-11-27
AUPK974291 1991-11-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993010925A1 true WO1993010925A1 (fr) 1993-06-10

Family

ID=3775852

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1992/000631 WO1993010925A1 (fr) 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 Procedes ameliores d'assemblage de minces feuilles de tole

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0614405B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3346566B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100270634B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1041287C (fr)
AT (1) ATE186484T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9206821A (fr)
CA (1) CA2123886A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69230291T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2141115T3 (fr)
IN (1) IN178893B (fr)
MX (1) MX9206870A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993010925A1 (fr)

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EP0785117A1 (fr) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-23 Trico Products Corporation Ensemble de bras d'essuie-glace
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US5752305A (en) * 1992-12-19 1998-05-19 Henrob Limited Self-piercing riveting method and apparatus
WO1998031487A1 (fr) * 1997-01-20 1998-07-23 Emhart Inc. Rivet poinçon, assemblages rivetes l'utilisant, outil a riveter et procede d'obtention d'un assemblage rivete
WO1998045065A1 (fr) * 1997-04-05 1998-10-15 Eckold Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques
WO1999025510A2 (fr) * 1997-11-17 1999-05-27 Technische Universität Dresden Procede et dispositif pour l'assemblage mecanique assiste par chauffage
WO1999049227A3 (fr) * 1998-03-25 1999-11-25 Tox Pressotechnik Gmbh Procede, outil et poinçon pour relier des composants a une plaque
WO2001003881A1 (fr) * 1999-07-09 2001-01-18 Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede pour placer un element fonctionnel; matrice; element fonctionnel; element assemble et ensemble poinçon
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WO2003080270A1 (fr) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procede, dispositif et element joint auxiliaire destines a l'assemblage d'au moins deux composants
US6988862B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2006-01-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Rivet, riveted joint structure riveting apparatus, and riveting method
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EP1640081B2 (fr) † 2004-09-24 2011-07-27 Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH Procédé d'assemblage et dispositif de commande d'un outil d'assemblage
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WO2013143887A1 (fr) * 2012-03-31 2013-10-03 Johnson Controls Gmbh Procédé d'assemblage d'épaisseurs de pièce, élément de liaison et dispositif d'assemblage
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US9724750B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2017-08-08 Henrob Limited Fastener delivery apparatus
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US5752305A (en) * 1992-12-19 1998-05-19 Henrob Limited Self-piercing riveting method and apparatus
EP0785117A1 (fr) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-23 Trico Products Corporation Ensemble de bras d'essuie-glace
WO1998001679A1 (fr) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-15 Textron Fastening Systems Limited Rivetage avec perçage simultane
EP1380760A2 (fr) * 1996-07-04 2004-01-14 Textron Fastening Systems Limited Rivet autoperforant
EP1380760A3 (fr) * 1996-07-04 2004-01-21 Textron Fastening Systems Limited Rivet autoperforant
WO1998031487A1 (fr) * 1997-01-20 1998-07-23 Emhart Inc. Rivet poinçon, assemblages rivetes l'utilisant, outil a riveter et procede d'obtention d'un assemblage rivete
US6338601B1 (en) 1997-01-20 2002-01-15 Emhart Inc. Punch rivet, riveted joints produced with it, riveting tool and method of producing a riveted joint
WO1998045065A1 (fr) * 1997-04-05 1998-10-15 Eckold Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques
US9015920B2 (en) 1997-07-21 2015-04-28 Newfrey Llc Riveting system and process for forming a riveted joint
WO1999025510A3 (fr) * 1997-11-17 1999-08-05 Univ Dresden Tech Procede et dispositif pour l'assemblage mecanique assiste par chauffage
WO1999025510A2 (fr) * 1997-11-17 1999-05-27 Technische Universität Dresden Procede et dispositif pour l'assemblage mecanique assiste par chauffage
US6417490B1 (en) 1997-11-17 2002-07-09 Technische Universitaet Dresden Method and device for thermally supporting mechanical joints
CN1096319C (zh) * 1997-11-17 2002-12-18 德累斯顿工业技术大学 热辅机械连接的方法和装置
US6722013B1 (en) 1998-03-25 2004-04-20 Tox Pressotechnik Gmbh Method, tool and punch for joining components to a plate
WO1999049227A3 (fr) * 1998-03-25 1999-11-25 Tox Pressotechnik Gmbh Procede, outil et poinçon pour relier des composants a une plaque
US6276050B1 (en) 1998-07-20 2001-08-21 Emhart Inc. Riveting system and process for forming a riveted joint
WO2001003881A1 (fr) * 1999-07-09 2001-01-18 Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede pour placer un element fonctionnel; matrice; element fonctionnel; element assemble et ensemble poinçon
US6994486B1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2006-02-07 Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co., Kg Functional element and panel assembly
US6988862B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2006-01-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Rivet, riveted joint structure riveting apparatus, and riveting method
US7152907B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2006-12-26 Brose Fahrzeugtelle Gmbh & Co Kg, Coburg Motor vehicle sub-assembly
WO2003080270A1 (fr) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procede, dispositif et element joint auxiliaire destines a l'assemblage d'au moins deux composants
EP1640081B2 (fr) † 2004-09-24 2011-07-27 Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH Procédé d'assemblage et dispositif de commande d'un outil d'assemblage
EP2636465A1 (fr) 2008-07-30 2013-09-11 Henrob Limited Appareil et procédé d'assemblage
US9937548B2 (en) 2008-07-30 2018-04-10 Henrob Limited Joining apparatus and method
US9724750B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2017-08-08 Henrob Limited Fastener delivery apparatus
CN103260790A (zh) * 2010-11-10 2013-08-21 亨罗布有限公司 紧固方法及设备
US9339899B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2016-05-17 Henrob Limited Fastening method and apparatus
US9387557B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2016-07-12 Henrob Limited Riveting method and apparatus
US10005119B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2018-06-26 Henrob Limited Fastening method and apparatus
US9764371B2 (en) 2011-06-02 2017-09-19 Aoyama Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Method and device for caulking a caulking member
WO2013143887A1 (fr) * 2012-03-31 2013-10-03 Johnson Controls Gmbh Procédé d'assemblage d'épaisseurs de pièce, élément de liaison et dispositif d'assemblage
US9027220B2 (en) 2012-08-07 2015-05-12 Newfrey Llc Rivet setting machine

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DE69230291T2 (de) 2000-06-08
CA2123886A1 (fr) 1993-06-10
KR100270634B1 (ko) 2000-12-01
DE69230291D1 (de) 1999-12-16
CN1078672A (zh) 1993-11-24
EP0614405A1 (fr) 1994-09-14
MX9206870A (es) 1993-07-01
DE69230291T3 (de) 2005-08-11
EP0614405B1 (fr) 1999-11-10
JP3346566B2 (ja) 2002-11-18
EP0614405A4 (en) 1997-02-05
BR9206821A (pt) 1995-12-12
IN178893B (fr) 1997-07-19
CN1041287C (zh) 1998-12-23
EP0614405B2 (fr) 2004-12-29
JPH07503663A (ja) 1995-04-20
ATE186484T1 (de) 1999-11-15
ES2141115T3 (es) 2000-03-16

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