WO1998045065A1 - Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998045065A1
WO1998045065A1 PCT/EP1998/001970 EP9801970W WO9845065A1 WO 1998045065 A1 WO1998045065 A1 WO 1998045065A1 EP 9801970 W EP9801970 W EP 9801970W WO 9845065 A1 WO9845065 A1 WO 9845065A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet metal
metal parts
stamp
clinching
die
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/001970
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hanns-Peter Liebig
Jan Bober
Jens Jacobsen
Timm Kühne
Original Assignee
Eckold Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eckold Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Eckold Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to DE59804575T priority Critical patent/DE59804575D1/de
Priority to AT98922642T priority patent/ATE219708T1/de
Priority to EP98922642A priority patent/EP0934132B1/fr
Priority to JP10542363A priority patent/JP2000511470A/ja
Priority to CN98800441A priority patent/CN1222872A/zh
Priority to CA002257251A priority patent/CA2257251A1/fr
Priority to DK98922642T priority patent/DK0934132T3/da
Publication of WO1998045065A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998045065A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
    • B21D39/031—Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clinching method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a device intended for its implementation according to the preamble of patent claim 8.
  • the sheet metal parts to be joined are pushed through together at a selectable joining point and then cold-compressed using such pressures that a lateral tool flow of material creates a positive and non-positive interlocking of the sheet metal parts in the form of a cup-like joining element.
  • the volume of material located at the joint under a stamping surface is initially only enforced.
  • the sheet metal material is moved out of the plane of the sheet metal parts, the base thickness of the resulting joint still roughly corresponding to the total starting sheet thickness.
  • the bowl of the joining element is clamped between a stamping surface and the anvil and an upsetting process with radial material flow in the bottom region, the so-called spreading, is brought about by an increasingly increasing stamping force.
  • the thickness of the floor panels is reduced by upsetting compared to the original panel thickness, which is necessary in order to produce the necessary positive fit by spreading.
  • the sheet metal parts to be connected can be partially cut at the joint in the direction of penetration, since then during the upsetting process the bowl bottom of the joining element remains largely free of the bond to the other material or this bond is at least reduced.
  • a cutting portion of the joining process reduces the strength of the penetration joining and the joining is not gas-tight, so that joining elements which are produced without local cutting are preferred.
  • a first object of the invention is therefore to create a clinching method of the type mentioned at the outset with which a sufficiently firm joining can be produced even in the case of joining parts from materials which tend to undergo particular strain hardening or from pre-consolidated materials.
  • a second object is to provide an apparatus for this method.
  • the widthing is made more difficult by the fact that the material tries to evade under compressive stresses and flows back against the direction of action of the punch.
  • this backflow is prevented and the sheet metal Material is forced to form a form-fitting connecting element in the effective area of the die by thus initiating the spreading.
  • the process therefore also leads to a good positive fit not previously achieved.
  • the pressure force acting on the sheet metal parts around the joint is a passive force that must be higher than the reflux force of the material of the parts to be joined during the joining process. According to the invention, it was found that the pressure force then exceeds the return flow force of the material if the pressure force is preferably set at least so high that the sheet metal parts do not gap in the vicinity of the stamp during the joining process.
  • preferred values for the pressing force are ⁇ times to ⁇ times the forces which are only required for stripping or to prevent bending of the joining parts during the enforcement phase.
  • the pressure force is preferably applied to an effective pressure surface with such a size around the joint that the pressure force to be used does not leave an impression in the metal sheets and the moldings of the die can move laterally when compressed.
  • the contact pressure effective area can therefore be dimensioned sufficiently large so that the resulting pressure load cannot lead to plastic deformation of the clamped parts to be joined, and as small as possible so that joining can also be carried out in poorly accessible places.
  • the deformation can be improved even more if the sheet metal parts are joined at a higher temperature than the environment or the tools; a temperature difference of 10 ° C to 50 ° C results in an improvement in the load-bearing behavior of the joint with the same joining force, or with the same load-bearing behavior as joining elements produced at ambient temperature, the joining force can be reduced by up to 15%.
  • One reason for this is a reduction in strain hardening, as occurs in particular in the case of austenitic sheet materials.
  • sheet metal materials with a pronounced tendency to work hardening can also be clinched without causing plastic deformation of the punch and anvil or failure of the basic tool body.
  • the modular stamp and die-side structure enables the tool set to be more resilient because cracks are anticipated. The tool set can therefore accommodate higher joining pressures.
  • Preferred materials of high strength for the stamp and anvil are hard metal and high-strength ceramic.
  • stamping pin and anvil pin can each be supported on a flat base plate.
  • the anvil surface preferably has a design in accordance with the flow of material in the form of a circumferential, flat chamfer, with which a better positive fit is achieved with the same sheet metal base thickness. At the same time, such a chamfer relieves pressure on the edge, which amount is increased.
  • the active surfaces of the stamp and anvil pin can have a star-shaped grinding pattern, which further increases their tool life and improves the material flow.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a partially sectioned side view of a first embodiment of a clinching device
  • FIG. 2 shows a partially sectioned side view of a stamp with pressure element according to a further exemplary embodiment of a clinching device
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of an active surface of a stamp according to FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of an anvil according to a further exemplary embodiment of a clinching device
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of an active surface of an anvil pin according to FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 9a shows in partial section a connection made with the device according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 9b shows a partial section of a connection made with a device without a pressing element with the same bottom thickness of the joining element as in FIG. 9a
  • FIG. 10a shows the connection produced according to FIG. 9a
  • FIG. 10b shows a partial section of a connection made with a device without a pressure element with a bottom thickness of the joining element reduced by greater joining force as in FIGS. 9a, 9b and 10a.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device for clinching from a tool set with a punch 1 and a die 2, which are each arranged in a clinching tool holder 3, 4.
  • the die 2 has an anvil 5 as the central area, which forms a compression table 6 (anvil work surface) of a clinching mold cavity 7 in the die 2 on the head side.
  • the push-through mold cavity 7 limits the penetration of a material volume by matrix elements in the form of shaped pieces 8, 9, which protrude relative to the upsetting table 6 and which can laterally deflect during an upsetting process.
  • the pieces 8, 9 also form, with their respective head sides 10, 11, a die support for sheet metal parts 12, 13 to be joined. So that after a respective joining operation, the evaded fittings 8, 9 are reset and the die 2 close, there are preferably two Return springs 42, 43 combined in a spring bonnet.
  • the die 2 can be fastened to the tool holder 4 by means of a fastening screw 14.
  • the stamp 1 has a stamp pin 15 with a stamp effective surface 16 which penetrates into the clinching mold cavity 7 with a selectable joining force for a clinching process.
  • a material volume of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 located at a joining point below a stamping effective area 16 is first enforced, i.e. pushed out of the plane of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 until a bottom 17 (cf. FIGS. 9a and 10a) of the resulting joint rests on the anvil 5, and then compressed with widths.
  • the stamp 1 is enclosed by a pressure element 18 which applies force to the sheet metal parts 12, 13 around a joint, ie adjacent to the stamp active surface 16.
  • the pressure element 18 presses the sheet metal parts 12, 13 lying around the active stamping surface 16 against the die support.
  • the pressure element 18 is therefore intended to counteract the backward force of a material.
  • the amount of force applied or the pressure force is controllable. This control can be separate from or linked to the introduction of the joining force.
  • Spring elements 19, 20 are preferably provided for applying the pressure element force. Furthermore, the pressure element 18 is preferably guided via the spring elements 19, 20 on the tool holder 3 for the stamp 1. With such a guide, the introduction of force by the pressing element 18 can be increased in a simple manner during the joining process. For this purpose, the pressing element 18 can be provided with an active surface 21 against which the plunger 1 works by compressing the spring elements 19, 20 and increasing the pressing force.
  • the pressure element 18 is preferably designed as a pressure plate and can also be used as a stripping element at the end of a joining process.
  • pressure element force other pressure transmitters than springs can be used to generate the pressure forces. It is also not necessary for the pressure element 18 to be guided on the stamp.
  • the pressure element 18 can also perform its function by means of an external guide and an external drive.
  • the effective surface 21 of the pressing element 18 is dimensioned sufficiently large if the resulting pressure load does not lead to a plastic deformation of the surface of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 to be joined and the shaped pieces 8, 9 of the die 2 can open during the joining process.
  • the stamp 1 and the die 2 are preferably of modular construction.
  • the stamp 1 comprises the stamp pin 15, at the head end of which the stamp effective surface 16 is formed and which is pressed into a base body 23.
  • the base body 23 preferably has one Through hole 24.
  • This modular structure allows the use of different materials for the stamp pin 15 and the base body 23.
  • the stamp pin 15 can consist of a first material, namely a material of higher hardness or higher strength. Preferred materials for this are hard metal and high-strength ceramics.
  • the base body 23 can consist of a second material that is less hard, but is, for example, tougher than the first material. Tempered tool steel is preferred as the second material.
  • the stamp pin 15 is preferably supported on a plate 25, which can be made of the same material as the stamp pin 15 and which in turn is supported in the tool holder 3 of a press, not shown.
  • the transverse dimensions of the plate 25 are chosen so that the load acting on the tool holder 3 can be absorbed by the latter without risk of breakage.
  • the punch 1 can be fastened to the tool holder 3 by means of a fastening screw 26.
  • the die 2 can have a modular design like the stamp 1.
  • the anvil 5 is then formed by an anvil pin 22 made of a first material, namely a material of higher hardness or greater strength, such as hard metal or high-strength ceramic.
  • the anvil pin 22 is pressed into a base body 27 made of a tougher material, for which purpose it has a through hole 29.
  • the material pairing can be chosen as for the stamp.
  • the anvil 5 can also be supported on the tool holder 4 via a plate 28.
  • the plate 28 can be designed corresponding to the plate 25 for the stamp 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a stamp 1 in a modular design with a stamp pin 15 on which the stamp effective surface 16 is formed, which is pressed into a base body 23 and is supported on a base plate.
  • Sectionu fangsnuten 30 are used for quick tool change and thus the attachment of the punch 1 to a tool acceptance.
  • the effective end of the stamp is encompassed by a pressure element 18 which is supported on the base body 23 by means of springs 19, 20.
  • the pressure element 18 according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that the active surface 21 of the pressure element 18 runs continuously.
  • Fig. 4 shows the associated die 2 with an anvil 5, which is pressed into a base body 27 and is supported on a base plate 28.
  • the base body 27 has on its side facing the die 1 on inclined surfaces 32, on which are supported matrix elements (not shown), which are spring-loaded against the anvil 5 and, together with the active surface 6 of the anvil, delimit the die cavity.
  • a circumferential chamfer 31 is provided, the cross-sectional shape of which, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, can be variable: rounded (FIG. 6 ), flat beveled (Fig. 7) or double beveled (Fig. 8). This chamfer also favors the material flow.
  • the facing active surfaces 16, 6 of punch 1 and / or anvil 5 are provided with a surface finish which favors the flow of the material to be joined, as can be seen from the star-shaped micrograph in FIGS. 3 and 5.
  • the active surfaces 16 and 6 can be designed in the device according to FIG. 1.
  • a push-through method for connecting sheet metal parts 12, 13 lying one above the other comprises a joining process in which a material volume of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 is locally penetrated at a joint by means of a stamp 1 and a die 2 and is joined under material flows by upsetting perpendicular to the sheet metal plane.
  • the sheet metal parts 12, 13 surrounding the joint are pressed onto the die 2 during this joining process with a pressing force which is sufficient to prevent material flow against the direction of action of the punch 1.
  • the pressure force can be kept constant during the entire joining process.
  • the pressing force can be increased during the joining process, so that at least during compression, a pressing force acts in the surrounding area of the joint, which exceeds the reflux force, while it can be selected lower beforehand.
  • a first pressure force can also be applied around the active surface of the stamp before or shortly before the joining process.
  • the sheet metal parts 12, 13 are pressed onto the die 2 in a substantially stationary manner, with such a pressing force that material backflow is prevented. This applies in particular to pre-consolidated materials that tend to undergo special strain hardening.
  • the pressing force is chosen in particular in such a way that the sheet metal parts 12, 13 do not gap in the vicinity of the stamp 1 during the joining process, ie the sheet metal parts 12, 13 lie flat against one another.
  • the pressure force for flat, flat sheet metal parts can also be selected such that it is ⁇ times to ⁇ times the forces that are only required to prevent the parts to be bent during the enforcement phase.
  • An example of the guideline value for the force introduced with a joining element diameter of 5mm is 3000 N, if, for example, austenitic stainless steel sheets are joined.
  • the pressure force is preferably applied to an effective pressure surface of such a size around the joint that the pressure force to be used does not leave an imprint in the sheet metal parts and the die can open laterally.
  • the temperature of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 can be increased compared to the ambient temperature. Temperatures 10 ° C. to 50 ° C. higher than the ambient temperature are preferred.
  • FIG. 9a shows an example of a joint produced using the clinching devices described above, the contact pressure exerted by the pressing element 18 during the joining process being indicated by the arrows and the letter F.
  • Sheet metal parts 12, 13 made of a particularly cold-strengthening material with an initial sheet thickness of approximately 1 mm each are positively connected by a joining element, the bottom 17 of which is compressed between the stamping active surface 16 and the anvil working surface 6 in the mold cavity 7 while reducing the overall initial thickness.
  • a width 33 has been formed by material flows, for which the shaped pieces 8, 9 have moved outwards. The result is a joint with a good positive fit.
  • the sheet metal parts 12, 13 do not gap in the area surrounding the stamp, so that they lie flat against one another and without gap areas.
  • FIG. 9b shows a joint with a stamp 1 and a die 2 with a stamp collar but without a pressing element. If the same base thickness is achieved, ie approximately the same joining forces, no effective positive locking is achieved.
  • 10a and 10b serve to further clarify the method according to the invention. 10a corresponds to that shown in FIG. 9a.
  • the joining of FIG. 10b differs from that of FIG. 9b in that increased joining forces have been used which have led to a greater compression of the bottom 17 of the joining. However, the width 34 achieved in this way does not yet show sufficient form closure.
  • 9a, 9b and 10a, 10b illustrate that the method according to the invention allows the use of lower joining forces because the effective positive locking is achieved even with a small compression.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

Selon ce procédé de soudage par diffusion utile pour joindre des pièces superposées en tôles métalliques, on refoule perpendiculairement au plan des tôles métalliques une partie du matériau dont sont constituées les tôles métalliques au moyen d'un poinçon et d'une matrice, de façon à provoquer le fluage du matériau et à souder par diffusion les tôles métalliques au niveau d'une soudure. Afin de réaliser une soudure suffisamment solide même lorsque les pièces à joindre sont constituées de matériaux qui tendent fortement à se consolider à froid ou de matériaux consolidés au préalable, pendant que l'on joigne les tôles on presse sur la matrice les parties des tôles situées autour de la soudure avec une force suffisante pour empêcher le matériau de fluer en sens contraire à la direction de sollicitation du poinçon.
PCT/EP1998/001970 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques WO1998045065A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59804575T DE59804575D1 (de) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Durchsetzfügeverfahren und -vorrichtung zum verbinden von blechteilen
AT98922642T ATE219708T1 (de) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Durchsetzfügeverfahren und -vorrichtung zum verbinden von blechteilen
EP98922642A EP0934132B1 (fr) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques
JP10542363A JP2000511470A (ja) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 金属シート部品を結合するためのプレス接合方法及び装置
CN98800441A CN1222872A (zh) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 压力接合方法及金属薄板件的连接装置
CA002257251A CA2257251A1 (fr) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques
DK98922642T DK0934132T3 (da) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Fremgangsmåde og apparat til diffusionssvejsning med henblik på at forbinde pladedele

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19714129A DE19714129A1 (de) 1997-04-05 1997-04-05 Fügeverfahren und -vorrichtung
DE19714129.3 1997-04-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998045065A1 true WO1998045065A1 (fr) 1998-10-15

Family

ID=7825565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/001970 WO1998045065A1 (fr) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0934132B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000511470A (fr)
CN (1) CN1222872A (fr)
AT (1) ATE219708T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2257251A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19714129A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0934132T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2179494T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT934132E (fr)
RU (1) RU99100054A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998045065A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10245604A1 (de) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-15 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum dauerhaften Verbinden von einander überlappenden, plattenförmigen Bauteilen

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DE10031073B4 (de) * 2000-06-30 2016-11-24 Gustav Klauke Gmbh Verfahren zum Vernieten
RU2306193C2 (ru) * 2001-05-11 2007-09-20 Токс Прессотехник Гмбх Унд Ко.Кг Инструмент для механической обработки пластин
CN100341639C (zh) * 2005-11-30 2007-10-10 天津理工大学 加工快速连接结构的可分式模具
JP2009538738A (ja) * 2006-05-31 2009-11-12 カースト シーアールシー リミテッド 予熱を伴って自己穿孔型リベットを使用して金属を接合するための方法および装置
JP5461853B2 (ja) * 2009-03-10 2014-04-02 矢崎総業株式会社 金属接合体、金属接合方法、及び、金属接合装置
EP3065894A1 (fr) * 2013-11-04 2016-09-14 Bollhoff Attexor SA Outil pour réaliser des joints de type rivet
CN103801813B (zh) * 2014-01-17 2015-08-26 西安交通大学 基于逆变电阻焊与交流伺服直驱冲压板材的复合连接装置
WO2017057466A1 (fr) * 2015-09-28 2017-04-06 新日鐵住金株式会社 Procédé de découpe à l'aide d'une matrice de presse
JP6899392B2 (ja) 2016-02-03 2021-07-07 ユーティカ エンタープライゼズ，インコーポレイテッド 先進高強度鋼を機械的に接合するための装置及び方法
JP6692200B2 (ja) * 2016-03-31 2020-05-13 株式会社神戸製鋼所 メカニカルクリンチ接合部品の製造方法
NL1043110B1 (en) * 2018-12-24 2020-07-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Process for manufacturing a laminate of stacked metal parts including a multi-layer blanking process step
CN111672989B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-06-22 中南大学 平底无铆钉的压片式交叉旋锁连接装置及方法
CN111644502B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-06-22 中南大学 电磁驱动的旋锁式板材连接装置及方法
WO2024009875A1 (fr) * 2022-07-05 2024-01-11 電元社トーア株式会社 Appareil de soudage par forgeage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3726392A1 (de) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-16 Kuka Schweissanlagen & Roboter Verfahren zum verbinden aufeinanderliegender duenner platten oder plattenabschnitte
WO1993010925A1 (fr) * 1991-11-27 1993-06-10 Henrob Ltd Procedes ameliores d'assemblage de minces feuilles de tole
US5528815A (en) * 1990-04-03 1996-06-25 Webb; Edward L. T. Clinching tool for sheet metal joining
US5581860A (en) * 1980-09-08 1996-12-10 Btm Corporation Apparatus for joining sheet material

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3805688A1 (de) * 1988-02-24 1989-09-07 Eckold Vorrichtung Vorrichtung zum durchsetzfuegen von blechwerkstuecken
DE9114122U1 (fr) * 1991-11-13 1993-04-01 Eckold Gmbh & Co Kg, 3424 St. Andreasberg, De

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5581860A (en) * 1980-09-08 1996-12-10 Btm Corporation Apparatus for joining sheet material
DE3726392A1 (de) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-16 Kuka Schweissanlagen & Roboter Verfahren zum verbinden aufeinanderliegender duenner platten oder plattenabschnitte
US5528815A (en) * 1990-04-03 1996-06-25 Webb; Edward L. T. Clinching tool for sheet metal joining
WO1993010925A1 (fr) * 1991-11-27 1993-06-10 Henrob Ltd Procedes ameliores d'assemblage de minces feuilles de tole

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10245604A1 (de) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-15 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum dauerhaften Verbinden von einander überlappenden, plattenförmigen Bauteilen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT934132E (pt) 2002-11-29
RU99100054A (ru) 2000-11-27
DK0934132T3 (da) 2002-09-30
ES2179494T3 (es) 2003-01-16
EP0934132A1 (fr) 1999-08-11
DE19714129A1 (de) 1998-10-15
EP0934132B1 (fr) 2002-06-26
ATE219708T1 (de) 2002-07-15
CA2257251A1 (fr) 1998-10-15
CN1222872A (zh) 1999-07-14
DE59804575D1 (de) 2002-08-01
JP2000511470A (ja) 2000-09-05

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