EP0934132B1 - Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0934132B1
EP0934132B1 EP98922642A EP98922642A EP0934132B1 EP 0934132 B1 EP0934132 B1 EP 0934132B1 EP 98922642 A EP98922642 A EP 98922642A EP 98922642 A EP98922642 A EP 98922642A EP 0934132 B1 EP0934132 B1 EP 0934132B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
joining
sheet metal
press
metal parts
anvil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98922642A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0934132A1 (fr
Inventor
Hanns-Peter Liebig
Jan Bober
Jens Jacobsen
Timm Kühne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eckold GmbH and Co KG
Walter Eckold GmbH and Co KG Vorrichtungs und Geraetebau
Original Assignee
Eckold GmbH and Co KG
Walter Eckold GmbH and Co KG Vorrichtungs und Geraetebau
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Publication of EP0934132A1 publication Critical patent/EP0934132A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
    • B21D39/031—Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clinching method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device intended for its implementation according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • EP 0 546 270 B1 describes a method for locally shaping brittle material known in which the sheets to be joined between the stamp and the anvil are clamped, whereby the sheet material is subjected to a pressure load according to the preload of the anvil by a spring. During joining this pressure load of the spring force increases accordingly, the anvil in the Die hole is pushed back. Finally the anvil sits on the lower one Stop, and the stamp pushes material into the space left by the anvil is released, whereby the bracketing takes place.
  • the two plates are advantageously during the deep drawing and Compression process around the deep-drawing point from both sides using the hold-down device clamped. In this way, plate material can be in the area of the deep-drawing point move between the hold-down device and the die. Especially with the upsetting stroke only the thermoforming die can move backwards while lifting the plates is prevented.
  • EP 0 330 061 B1 describes a method and an apparatus for Assert two or more superimposed, planes Sheet metal parts known, in which a tool set consisting of stamp and die is used, the matrix of a central anvil and opposite one Anvil work surface has upstanding female moldings, preferably can dodge sideways during an upset and one Limit mold cavity into which is inserted.
  • the sheet metal parts to be connected enforced jointly at a selectable joint and then cold compressed using such pressures that through a lateral flow of material a positive and non-positive seating of the sheet metal parts in the form of a cup-like joining element. That at the joint volume of material located under a stamp effective area initially only enforced.
  • the sheet material is made from the Level of the sheet metal parts moved out, the bottom thickness of the resulting Addition still corresponds approximately to the total starting sheet thickness.
  • a stamp effective surface and the anvil clamped is between the bowl bottom of the joining element a stamp effective surface and the anvil clamped and by an increasing increasing punch force an upsetting process with radial material flow causes in the floor area, the so-called widths.
  • the thickness of the floor panels is reduced by upsetting compared to the starting sheet thickness, what is necessary to create the necessary form fit by spreading.
  • the connecting sheet metal parts partially cut in the direction of penetration are, since then the cup bottom of the joining element largely during the upsetting process remains free of the bond to the other material or this Bond is at least reduced.
  • a cutting portion on the joining process the strength of the penetration joint is reduced and the joining is not gas-tight, so that joining elements are preferred which can be produced without local cutting.
  • US-A-5 581 860 discloses a clincher for joining superimposed sheet metal parts with a die and in a mold cavity Die penetrable die, the die being an anvil and the like has upstanding, laterally swiveling fittings.
  • the stamp is from a hold-down, and the anvil and stamp each have a pin having an active surface made of a hardened material, which in a Base body is pressed from a different material.
  • a method according to the preamble of claim 1 can also be found in US Pat. No. 5,581,860.
  • a first object of the invention is therefore a clinching method to create the type mentioned at the outset, with which also for joining parts from materials that tend to work harden or or A sufficiently firm joint can be produced from pre-consolidated materials is.
  • a second object is an apparatus for this method to accomplish.
  • the first task is characterized by the characteristics of the Claim 1 solved.
  • the second task is characterized by the characteristics of the Claim 6 solved.
  • the pressure force acting on the sheet metal parts around the joint is one passive force, which must be higher than the reflux force of the material of the parts to be joined during the joining process. According to the invention, it was found that the pressure force then the skid flow force of the material exceeds if the pressing force is 5 times to 8 times the forces that only for stripping the parts to be joined are needed during the enforcement phase.
  • the pressure force is preferably applied to an effective pressure surface applied around the joint with a size such that the applied pressure does not leave an impression in the sheets and the moldings of the die can move laterally when compressed.
  • the contact pressure effective area can therefore be dimensioned sufficiently large be so that the resulting pressure load does not become a plastic Deformation of the clamped parts to be joined, and if possible small so that it can be joined even in hard-to-reach places.
  • the deformation can still be improved if the Sheet metal parts at a higher temperature than the environment or the tools be joined; this results in a temperature difference of 10 ° C up to 50 ° C with the same joining force an improvement in load-bearing behavior the joining, or with the same load-bearing behavior as at ambient temperature Joining elements produced, the joining force can be reduced by up to Lower 15%.
  • One reason for this is a reduction in work hardening, as they are particularly the case with austenitic sheet materials occurs.
  • Sheet metal materials can also be used with the clinching device according to the invention enforced with a pronounced tendency to work hardening be without causing plastic deformation of the stamp and anvil or a failure of the tool body.
  • the anvil surface has a material flow-compatible design in the form of a circumferential bevel, with a better form fit at the same Sheet metal thickness is reached. At the same time, such a bevel leads to one Pressure relief of the edge, which increases the tool life.
  • Preferred high strength materials for the stamp and anvil pin are hard metal and high-strength ceramics.
  • the active surfaces of the stamp and anvil pen can have a star shape Have micrograph, which further increases their tool life and the Material flow is improved.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for clinching from a tool set with a stamp 1 and a die 2, each arranged in a clinching tool holder 3, 4 are.
  • the die 2 has an anvil 5 as the central area, the head side an upsetting table 6 (anvil work surface) of a mold cavity 7 forms in the die 2.
  • the mold cavity 7 limits the enforcement of a volume of material by compared to Upset table 6 upright die elements in the form of shaped pieces 8, 9, which can dodge sideways during an upsetting process.
  • the shaped pieces 8, 9 also form with their respective top 10, 11 a die pad for sheet metal parts 12, 13 to be joined Joining process, the evaded fittings 8, 9 are reset and close the die 2 are preferably two return springs 42, 43 combined in a spring bonnet.
  • a fastening screw 14 the die 2 can be fastened to the tool holder 4.
  • the stamp 1 has a stamp pin 15 with a stamp effective surface 16, which in the mold cavity 7 with a selectable joining force penetrates for a clinching process. During this joining process becomes a located at a joint under a stamping surface 16 Volume of material of sheet metal parts 12, 13 initially enforced, i.e. moved out of the plane of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 until a bottom 17 (see FIGS. 9a and 10a) of the resulting joint rests on the anvil 5, and then compressed with widths.
  • the stamp 1 is enclosed by a pressure element 18, the one Force transmission to the sheet metal parts 12, 13 around a joint, i.e. adjacent the stamp effective surface 16.
  • the pressing element 18th For this purpose presses the sheet metal parts 12, 13 lying around the punch effective surface 16 against the die pad.
  • the pressure element 18 should therefore have a counteraction exert a backward force on a material.
  • the high of Force application or the pressure force is controllable. This control can be separate from or linked to the introduction of the joining force his.
  • Spring elements 19, 20 are preferably used to apply the pressure element force intended. Furthermore, the pressure element 18 is preferably over the spring elements 19, 20 guided on the tool holder 3 for the stamp 1. Such a guide allows the introduction of force in a simple manner increased by the pressure element 18 during the joining process become. For this purpose, the pressure element 18 can be provided with an active surface 21 against which the stamp 1 compresses the spring elements 19, 20 and increasing the pressure force works.
  • the pressure element 18 is preferably designed as a press plate and can also be used as a stripping element at the end of a joining process.
  • the effective area 21 of the pressing element 18 is then dimensioned to be sufficiently large if the resulting pressure load does not become a plastic one Deformation of the surface of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 to be joined leads and the fittings 8, 9 of the die 2 can open during the joining process.
  • the stamp 1 and the die 2 are preferably of modular construction.
  • To the stamp 1 comprises the stamp pin 15 at its head end the stamp effective surface 16 is formed and which is in a base body 23 is pressed.
  • the base body 23 preferably has one Through hole 24.
  • This modular structure allows the use of different Materials for the stamp pin 15 and the base body 23.
  • the stamp pin 15 can be made of a first material, namely a Material of higher hardness or higher strength. Preferred materials for this are hard metal and high-strength ceramics.
  • the basic body 23 can be made of a second material that is less hard but in return for example, is tougher than the first material. Is preferred as second material tempered tool steel.
  • Stamping pin 15 preferably continues on a plate 25 that is made of the same material as the stamp pin 15 and can be in turn in the tool holder 3 of a press, not shown supported.
  • the transverse dimensions of the plate 25 are chosen so that the the tool holder 3 acting load of this without risk of breakage can be included.
  • the die 2 can have a modular design like the stamp 1.
  • the anvil 5 is then formed by an anvil pin 22 from a first Material, namely a material of higher hardness or greater strength, such as hard metal or high-strength ceramics.
  • the anvil pin 22 is pressed into a base body 27 made of a tough material, for which purpose this has a through hole 29.
  • the material pairing can as with the stamp.
  • the anvil 5 can also have a Support plate 28 on tool holder 4.
  • the plate 28 can accordingly the plate 25 for the stamp 1 may be formed.
  • Fig. 2 shows a stamp 1 in a modular design with a stamp pin 15, on which the stamp effective surface 16 is formed, which in one Base body 23 is pressed and is supported on a base plate. Partial circumferential grooves 30 are used for quick tool changes and thus for fastening of the stamp 1 to a tool acceptance.
  • the effect of the stamp is as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 of a pressure element 18 comprises, which is supported by springs 19, 20 on the base body 23.
  • the pressure element 18 according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that the active surface 21 of the pressing element 18 runs continuously.
  • Fig. 4 shows the associated die 2 with an anvil 5, which in one Base body 27 is pressed and is supported on a base plate 28.
  • the base body 27 has on its side facing the stamp 1 Inclined surfaces 32 on which die elements (not shown) support the spring-loaded on the anvil 5 and limit the cavity of the die together with the effective surface 6 of the anvil.
  • a circumferential chamfer 31 provided, whose cross-sectional shape, as shown in Fig. 6 to 8, can be variable: rounded (Fig. 6), flat beveled (Fig. 7) or double beveled (Fig. 8). This chamfer also favors the material flow.
  • the facing active surfaces 16, 6 of stamp 1 and / or anvil 5 are with a favoring the flow of the material to be joined Provide surface finish as shown on the star-shaped micrograph in Fig. 3 and 5 recognizable. Accordingly, the active surfaces 16 and 6 in the 1 device.
  • a clinching method for joining superimposed ones Sheet metal parts 12, 13 comprises a joining process, in which by means of a stamp 1 and a die 2 at a joint a material volume of Sheet metal parts 12, 13 enforced locally and by upsetting perpendicular to Sheet level is added under material flow.
  • the area surrounding the joint Sheet metal parts 12, 13 are on during this joining process the die 2 pressed with a pressure force sufficient to flow a material to prevent against the effective direction of the stamp 1.
  • the pressure force can be kept constant during the entire joining process become.
  • the pressure force during the joining process be increased so that at least when compressing a pressure force in the surrounding area the joint that acts. Reflux force exceeds while it can be chosen lower beforehand.
  • the sheet metal parts 12, 13 are essentially stationary on the die 2 pressed, with such a pressing force that a material flows back is prevented. This is especially true for the special Cold-hardening or pre-consolidated materials.
  • the pressing force is chosen in particular such that the sheet metal parts 12, 13 not during the joining process in the area surrounding the stamp 1 gap, i.e. the sheet metal parts 12, 13 lie flat against one another.
  • the pressing force for flat, flat sheet metal parts can also be selected in this way be that it is 5 times to 8 times the forces that only to prevent the parts to be bent during the enforcement phase are needed.
  • An exemplary reference value for the The applied force with a joining element diameter of 5mm is 3000 N, if e.g. austenitic stainless steel sheets.
  • the pressure force is preferably applied to an effective pressure surface applied with such a size around the joint that the to be used Pressure does not leave an imprint in the sheet metal parts and the Die can open laterally.
  • the temperature of the sheet metal parts 12, 13 compared to the ambient temperature increase.
  • 10 ° C to 50 ° C are higher Temperatures than the ambient temperature.
  • Sheet metal parts 12, 13 from a special work hardening material with a starting sheet thickness of each about 1 mm are positively connected by a joining element, the bottom 17 between the stamping surface 16 and the anvil work surface 6 in the mold cavity 7 while reducing the overall starting thickness is upset.
  • a width 33 is formed by material flows, for which the fittings 8, 9 have moved outwards. The result is a coincidence with a good form fit.
  • the sheet metal parts 12, 13 in the vicinity of the stamp not so that they lie flat against one another and without gap areas.
  • Fig. 9b shows a joint with a stamp 1 and one Die 2 with a stamp collar but without pressure element.
  • 10a and 10b serve to further clarify the invention Process.
  • 10a corresponds to that in FIG. 9a shown.
  • the addition of Fig. 10b differs from that Fig. 9b in that increased joining forces have been used, leading to a have led to greater compression of the bottom 17 of the joint. But also the width 34 achieved in this way does not yet show sufficient Positive engagement.
  • 9a, 9b and 10a, 10b illustrate that the invention Process allows the use of lower joining forces because of the effective Positive locking is achieved even with a small compression.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé d'assemblage à encastrement destiné à assembler des pièces de tôle superposées (12,13) par une opération d'assemblage dans laquelle, sous l'action d'un poinçon (1) et d'une matrice (2) munie d'une surface d'enclume, un volume de matière des pièces de tôle est encastré localement dans une zone d'assemblage et est assemblé par refoulement perpendiculairement au plan des tôles avec fluage de la matière, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de tôle qui entourent la zone de l'assemblage, qui sont faites de matières ayant particulièrement tendance à l'écrouissage ou qui sont préalablement écrouies, sont pressées sur la matrice (2) pendant l'opération d'assemblage, avec une force de pression qui interdit un fluage de la matière en sens inverse de l'action du poinçon (1) et qui atteint cinq à huit fois les forces qui sont utilisées uniquement pour le désencastrement, le fluage de la matière étant à cet effet rendu plus facile par un chanfrein circonférentiel (31) de la surface de l'enclume qui favorise le fluage de la matière, de sorte que la force d'assemblage est réduite à un degré tel que les outils d'assemblage résistent à cette charge.
  2. Procédé d'assemblage à encastrement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la force de pression est exercée sur une surface de pression effective possédant une dimension autour de la zone d'assemblage qui est telle que la force de pression qui doit être appliquée ne laisse pas d'empreinte dans les pièces de tôle et que la matrice puisse s'ouvrir latéralement.
  3. Procédé d'assemblage à encastrement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la force de pression est déjà exercée sur les parties des pièces de tôle entourant l'assemblage avant le début de l'opération d'assemblage.
  4. Procédé d'assemblage à enchevêtrement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la température des tôles est élevée relativement à la température ambiante.
  5. Procédé d'assemblage à encastrement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de tôle sont portées à une température supérieure de 10°C à 50°C à la température ambiante.
  6. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement destiné à assembler des pièces de tôles superposées (12, 13) comprenant une matrice (2) et un poinçon (1) qui peut être enfoncé dans la cavité de formage (7) de la matrice, la matrice (2) présentant une enclume (5) et des éléments de formage (8, 9) qui s'élèvent au-dessus du niveau de cette enclume et peuvent être écartés latéralement par pivotement, et qui sont destinés à limiter la cavité de formage (7) dans laquelle se produit l'encastrement local, et le poinçon (1) est entouré d'un élément presseur (18) destiné à appliquer une force sur les pièces de tôle (12, 13), l'enclume (5) et le poinçon (1) possédant chacun une broche (15, 22) faite d'une matière de haute résistance, qui présente une surface active, et qui est encastrée dans un corps de base fait d'une matière différente, caractérisé en ce que le poinçon et le corps de base de l'enclume (23, 27) présentent des perçages traversants (24, 29) qui reçoivent intérieurement les broches correspondantes (15, 22), et les broches (15, 22) s'appuient, chacune à l'extrémité qui est à l'opposé de leur surface active respective (16, 6), contre une plaque arrière plane (25, 28) par l'intermédiaire de laquelle une charge de pression apparaissant sur l'enclume (5) et sur le poinçon (1) peut être transmise dans un réceptacle d'outil (3, 4); de sorte que l'élément presseur (18) peut appliquer une force de pression qui atteint cinq à huit fois les forces qui sont utilisées uniquement pour le désencastrement, et l'enclume (5) présente un chanfrein circonférentiel (31) qui favorise le fluage de la matière.
  7. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le chanfrein circonférentiel (31) est arrondi.
  8. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le chanfrein circonférentiel (31) présente une section triangulaire.
  9. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le chanfrein circonférentiel (31) présente une forme de section à bord tombé qui s'approche d'un arrondi.
  10. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces actives (6, 16) de l'enclume (5) et/ou du poinçon (1) sont munies d'un fini de surface qui favorise le fluage de la matière.
  11. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les plaques arrière (25, 28) sont faites d'une matière à haute résistance.
  12. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme matière à haute résistance un métal dur ou une céramique à haute résistance.
  13. Dispositif d'assemblage à encastrement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément presseur (18) est une plaque de pression guidée le long du poinçon (1), qui est soutenue par un ou plusieurs ressorts précontraints (19, 20).
EP98922642A 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques Expired - Lifetime EP0934132B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19714129 1997-04-05
DE19714129A DE19714129A1 (de) 1997-04-05 1997-04-05 Fügeverfahren und -vorrichtung
PCT/EP1998/001970 WO1998045065A1 (fr) 1997-04-05 1998-04-03 Procede et dispositif de soudage par diffusion utiles pour joindre des pieces en toles metalliques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0934132A1 EP0934132A1 (fr) 1999-08-11
EP0934132B1 true EP0934132B1 (fr) 2002-06-26

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0934132B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000511470A (fr)
CN (1) CN1222872A (fr)
AT (1) ATE219708T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2257251A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19714129A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0934132T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2179494T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT934132E (fr)
RU (1) RU99100054A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998045065A1 (fr)

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DE10031073B4 (de) * 2000-06-30 2016-11-24 Gustav Klauke Gmbh Verfahren zum Vernieten
US11224908B2 (en) * 2015-09-28 2022-01-18 Nippon Steel Corporation Cutting method using a stamping press

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RU2306193C2 (ru) * 2001-05-11 2007-09-20 Токс Прессотехник Гмбх Унд Ко.Кг Инструмент для механической обработки пластин
DE10245604A1 (de) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-15 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum dauerhaften Verbinden von einander überlappenden, plattenförmigen Bauteilen
CN100341639C (zh) * 2005-11-30 2007-10-10 天津理工大学 加工快速连接结构的可分式模具
DE112007001331B4 (de) * 2006-05-31 2023-11-02 Atlas Copco IAS UK Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden
JP5461853B2 (ja) * 2009-03-10 2014-04-02 矢崎総業株式会社 金属接合体、金属接合方法、及び、金属接合装置
BR112016009982A8 (pt) * 2013-11-04 2020-04-07 Bollhoff Attexor Sa ferramenta para formação de juntas do tipo de rebitamento
CN103801813B (zh) * 2014-01-17 2015-08-26 西安交通大学 基于逆变电阻焊与交流伺服直驱冲压板材的复合连接装置
BR112018015738B1 (pt) 2016-02-03 2022-07-26 Utica Enterprises, Inc. Aparelho para unir mecanicamente aço avançado de alta resistência, método para unir mecanicamente aço avançado de alta resistência, e alojamento impermeável à luz
JP6692200B2 (ja) * 2016-03-31 2020-05-13 株式会社神戸製鋼所 メカニカルクリンチ接合部品の製造方法
NL1043110B1 (en) * 2018-12-24 2020-07-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Process for manufacturing a laminate of stacked metal parts including a multi-layer blanking process step
CN111672989B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-06-22 中南大学 平底无铆钉的压片式交叉旋锁连接装置及方法
CN111644502B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-06-22 中南大学 电磁驱动的旋锁式板材连接装置及方法
WO2024009875A1 (fr) * 2022-07-05 2024-01-11 電元社トーア株式会社 Appareil de soudage par forgeage

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10031073B4 (de) * 2000-06-30 2016-11-24 Gustav Klauke Gmbh Verfahren zum Vernieten
US11224908B2 (en) * 2015-09-28 2022-01-18 Nippon Steel Corporation Cutting method using a stamping press

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Publication number Publication date
CA2257251A1 (fr) 1998-10-15
DE59804575D1 (de) 2002-08-01
RU99100054A (ru) 2000-11-27
DE19714129A1 (de) 1998-10-15
EP0934132A1 (fr) 1999-08-11
DK0934132T3 (da) 2002-09-30
ES2179494T3 (es) 2003-01-16
CN1222872A (zh) 1999-07-14
ATE219708T1 (de) 2002-07-15
PT934132E (pt) 2002-11-29
JP2000511470A (ja) 2000-09-05
WO1998045065A1 (fr) 1998-10-15

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