Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
  • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
  • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
  • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for detecting fires in ventilated devices or machines, for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices, with a measuring chamber through which the main cooling air flow or a representative subset flows, and with at least one detector for detection a fire parameter which is arranged in the air flow in the measuring chamber and is connected, for example, via an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing and / or shutdown device.
• the invention further relates to a device of the aforementioned type, which additionally has an exhaust air duct which supplies the main cooling air flow or the representative partial quantity thereof to the measuring chamber.
• Such devices are also known, for example, under the technical term "facility protection systems".
• Typical areas of application for device protection systems are EDP systems and in particular individual components thereof, and similar electronic devices such as, for example, measuring, control and regulating systems, switching devices and private branch exchanges, CNC-controlled work machines and industrial robots, CAD / CAM systems or also Printer.
• the electronic assemblies of such devices or machines have to be cooled due to their heat development, for example by ventilation, whereby depending on the type of ventilation produced, either ventilated devices are spoken of, in which the cooling air flow through a Fan is generated in the device, or of naturally ventilated devices, where a special arrangement of the devices at the installation site natural or artificial convection of the air in the room is used.
• fire parameter is understood to mean physical parameters which are subject to measurable changes in the vicinity of an incipient fire, e.g. the ambient temperature, the solids or liquid or gas content in the ambient air (formation of smoke - particles or aerosols - or steam) or the ambient radiation.
• plastics such as PVC and polyethylene, for example as cable insulation, come into consideration as combustion material, when they are burned, hydrogen chloride gases are released, which react in conjunction with the water removed from the air to form hydrochloric acid. This sits as a fine mist on the devices or machines in the room and penetrates them through the room air. The result is corrosion processes, the renovation of which often results in the failure of a complete system.
• the fire detection devices mentioned at the outset were developed, the measuring chamber of which is placed directly on the device to be monitored. These known fire detection devices suck in a partial quantity from the main cooling air flow, for example, by a fan and feed this cooling air flow to the detectors located in the measuring chamber. So that these known fire detection devices detect the main cooling air flow, they suck in the partial air by means of funnels or suction pipes placed on the air outlet openings of the ventilated device or the machine. According to the guidelines, care must be taken to ensure that the cooling air flow of the devices concerned is not impaired.
• the present invention addresses this problem, the task of which was considered to be to shorten the detection time and to increase the reliability of the known fire detection devices.
• a known device for detecting fires in ventilated devices or machines for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices, which has a measuring chamber through which the main cooling air flow or a representative subset flows and at least one Detector for detecting a fire parameter, which is arranged in the airflow in the measuring chamber and is connected, for example, via an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing and / or shutdown device, solved according to the invention in that the measuring chamber is designed as a chimney which is equipped with a lower cross-sectional opening is placed on a partial cross-section of the air outlet of the ventilated device or the ventilated machine.
• the "detection chimney" with a pulling action known from furnace construction, ensures that the swirled cooling air which leaves the air outlet of the ventilated device or the ventilated machine is calmed and converted into a laminar cooling air flow.
• This laminar cooling air flow sweeps past the detector arranged in the detection chimney and thus enables extremely fast and reliable detection of solid or liquid components in the cooling air. Detection times of a few seconds can be achieved with the fire detection device according to the invention.
• the advantages of the device according to the invention lie in particular in the fact that the partial air volume tapped from the main cooling air flow is not caused by a fan of the measuring chamber which provides additional swirling of the cooling air. must be performed, but that the cooling air is passed through the measuring chamber using the known chimney effect.
• the fire detection device according to the invention manages with a smaller power supply unit, since in addition to the energy to be applied to the detector or detectors, no additional energy is required for a fan.
• the length of the chimney can be changed in the longitudinal direction of the cooling air flow passing through it. With a large cooling air flow mass or at high flow velocities, the length of the detection chimney is thus increased until laminar flow conditions can be found at the detector located in the detection chimney.
• the length is changed by insertable inserts which are either added or removed.
• the detection chimney is produced with a length that corresponds to the respective place of use.
• an exhaust air dome is arranged between the chimney or the bottom insert and the air outlet of the ventilated device or the ventilated machine, the cross section of which widens in the direction of the air outlet.
• This cross-sectional expansion can particularly preferably lead to a circular shape, with which a particularly swirl-free conduction of the cooling air flow is possible.
• the fire detection device according to the invention can of course also be used on such ventilated devices or machines in which the air outlet is arranged on the side.
• either the exhaust air dome or one of the plug-in inserts or also the detection chimney itself can have, for example, a 90 "curvature in order to guide the cooling air flow in the detection area as vertically as possible, thereby further reducing the formation of eddies
• the detector is arranged in a linear section of the fireplace.
• An advantageous further development of the invention serves to further support a laminar cooling air flow, according to which the cross section of the chimney tapers in the flow direction.
• this cross-sectional taper increases the flow velocity, which counteracts the formation of eddies or dissolves existing eddies.
• the chimney is placed on an exhaust air duct which taps off a subset of the main cooling air flow of each ventilated device or each ventilated machine and the lower cross-sectional opening of the chimney - or also of the exhaust air dome.
• the object on which the invention is based is further achieved in the known device explained above, which additionally has an exhaust air duct which supplies the main cooling air flow or the representative subset thereof to the measuring chamber in that the measuring chamber is a flat, two-sided device Open box is formed, which is connected with an open end to the outlet of the exhaust duct, that the exhaust duct is also box-shaped and has a lid and side walls attached to it, and that the exhaust air duct box is placed with the open underside on the air outlet of the ventilated device.
• This design of the fire detection device can also be used wherever the air outlet of the ventilated device has baffles which already deflect the cooling air flow emerging from the air outlet at a certain angle to the plane of the air outlet, for example at 45 °.
• the tapped portion of the main cooling air flow thus also flows into the exhaust air duct box at the same angle, as a result of which backflow of the cooling air by reflection on the underside of the cover of the exhaust air duct box is avoided. If the tapped portion of the cooling air flow enters the exhaust air duct box, for example at 45 °, the cooling air on the underside of the cover is deflected again by a further 45 ° and thus flows calmly towards the measuring chamber in the direction of flow.
• the air outlet of which, for example, consists only of a simple grille, so that the cooling air emerging with respect to the grille flows perpendicularly out of the device it is preferably provided that the exhaust duct box is formed in two parts by the cover and the side walls form an upper part and a lower part is provided which has lamella-like air inlet slots in the bottom. has, the lamellae are formed beveled in the flow direction, and which can be inserted into the upper part from below.
• the fins can for example run at an angle of 45 ° to the bottom of the exhaust air duct.
• the cooling air emerging vertically from the air outlet of the ventilated device is thus deflected for the first time in the area of the fire detection device by the lamellae of the exhaust air duct in the direction of the measuring chamber and again on the underside of the cover of the exhaust air duct, whereupon the tapped cooling air flow calms down and transformed into a laminar flow. Because the tapped cooling air flow is deflected for the first time in the direction of flow through the fins of the air inlet slots of the exhaust air duct box, reflection of the cooling air entering the exhaust air duct from below on the underside of the cover of the exhaust air duct is avoided.
• the length of the exhaust air duct in the flow direction can also be advantageously changed by pluggable inserts for adaptation to different sized air flow masses and also to differently high flow velocities.
• the entire fire detection device can thus be constructed modularly, in that, depending on the desired length of the overall device, one or more exhaust air duct units are combined and the measuring chamber is connected to the end of the exhaust air duct in the flow direction.
• the distance of the fire detection device from the air outlet of the ventilated device can be changed according to an advantageous development of the invention by means of stands in order to avoid backflow of cooling air.
• two detectors are arranged in the measuring chamber, which can respond to different fire parameters.
• the two detectors are connected in a manner known per se in two lines to a fire alarm center.
• the two detectors can be smoke detectors, gas detectors or heat detectors, either either detectors being for example smoke detectors or one detector being smoke detectors and another gas detector or heat detector.
• a temperature sensor can be arranged in the measuring chamber or in the exhaust air duct. Since the fire parameter "solids or liquid components in the cooling air" can be expected in most cases when fires occur, the arrangement of two smoke detectors, for example, is appropriate.
• O detectors optical smoke detectors
• I detectors ionization smoke detectors
• at least one of the two detectors can be designed as a gas detector or else as a heat detector.
• a gas detector is aimed at detecting the fire parameter "proportion of certain gases in the device cooling air", the heat detector reacts to heat radiation.
• the latter is to be used, for example, where the cooling air inevitably has a certain proportion of solids, for example in the form of dust.
• a smoke detector would cause false alarms due to the dust.
• the heat detector can be designed as a maximum detector that responds when the measured temperature exceeds a certain threshold value for a predetermined time, or as a differential detector.
• the differential measurement enables abnormal temperature rises in the device cooling air to be displayed very early.
• the two detectors are arranged opposite one another and offset from one another in the direction of flow of the measuring chamber.
• the advantage of the mutually offset and opposing arrangement of the detectors is, on the one hand, that the measuring chamber manages with a smaller cross-section and, on the other hand, that the arrangement of the detectors at different heights above the air outlet of the ventilated device is another makes a significant contribution to avoiding false alarms.
• An advantageous alternative to the mutually opposing arrangement of the detectors is to arrange them offset to one another in the direction of flow, but on one side. Then the detectors can namely be arranged on a common circuit board, which on the one hand brings with it a manufacturing advantage and on the other hand considerably simplifies the maintenance of the fire detection device, since access to the detectors for maintenance purposes is only required from one side .
• FIG. 1 shows a side view of a detection chimney according to the invention with an exhaust air dome and an insert inserted between the fireplace and the exhaust air dome;
• FIG. 2 shows a top view of the detection chimney according to FIG. 1; 3 shows a front view of the detection chimney according to FIG. 1;
• FIGS. 1 to 3 shows the arrangement of the detection chimney according to FIGS. 1 to 3 on a ventilated equipment cabinet
• FIGS. 1 to 3 shows the arrangement of a detection chimney according to FIGS. 1 to 3 on the side of a ventilated device cabinet with an angled exhaust air dome;
• FIGS. 1 to 3 shows the arrangement of the detection chimney according to FIGS. 1 to 3 on an exhaust air duct to protect several ventilated devices or machines.
• FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of an exhaust air duct as part of an alternative embodiment of a fire detection device
• FIG. 8 shows a side view of an insert with lamella-like ventilation slots which can be inserted into the exhaust air duct according to FIG. 7 from below;
• FIG. 9 shows a top view of the insert according to FIG. 8.
• FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the exhaust air duct according to FIG. 7 with built-in insert according to FIGS. 8 and 9;
• FIG. 11 shows the arrangement of a fire detection device with two exhaust air duct units with a measuring chamber connected thereto in the direction of flow on the ventilation grille of a ventilated equipment cabinet;
• FIG. 12 shows the arrangement of an exhaust air duct unit on the ventilation grille of a ventilated device, the exhaust air duct being connected to the measuring chamber by means of a feed line; 13 shows the arrangement of two exhaust air duct units, which are connected directly to a measuring chamber, on the side of a ventilated equipment cabinet; and
• FIG. 14 shows a representation similar to FIG. 13
• Fire detection device on the side of a ventilated device cabinet here two exhaust air duct units are connected to a measuring chamber via a feed line.
• FIG. 1 shows a side view of a device for detecting fires in ventilated devices or machines, which essentially has a measuring chamber 2 which is flowed through by the main cooling air stream or a representative partial quantity tapped from it, and furthermore two detectors 12, 13 in the form of smoke detectors, which are arranged in the measuring chamber 2 in the air flow flowing through them.
• the smoke detectors 12, 13 are connected via an electronic circuit (not shown here) to a warning, extinguishing and / or shutdown device which provides a visual and / or acoustic display of a fire alarm and the immediate reaction to an extinguishing process or also made possible by switching off the device concerned.
• the measuring chamber 2 is designed as a chimney 4 (hereinafter also: detection chimney), the length of which can be changed in the longitudinal direction of the cooling air flow passing through it.
• a length adjustment of the chimney 4 to the prevailing conditions on site is necessary, since both the air flow mass and the flow speed differ from device to device, and flow channels 16 of different lengths are therefore required to produce a laminar flow area 17.
• the air flow conditions can change in such a way that the length of the detection chimney has to be adjusted in order to obtain a laminar flow.
• the length of the chimney 4 was increased by a plug-in insert 8 and additionally by an exhaust air dome 10.
• the cross section of the exhaust air dome 10 increases towards the bottom and ends in a circular cross section 11. With this circular cross section 11, the exhaust air dome 10 and thus the entire detection chimney 4 is located on the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device 1, which is no longer shown here .
• the cooling air emerging from the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device enters the flow channel 16 through the lower cross-sectional opening 3 of the exhaust air dome 10 or the chimney 4 and is guided past the two detectors 12, 13.
• the two detectors 12, 13 are arranged opposite one another and offset in height, the two detectors projecting beyond one another in terms of their transverse extent, as a result of which the reliability of the fire detection device is increased.
• Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the detection chimney 4.
• the exhaust air dome 10 widens downward to a circular cross section 11, which on the one hand captures a larger proportion of the main cooling air flow and on the other hand the stability of the entire preliminary section direction is increased.
• FIG. 3 shows a front view of the chimney-shaped measuring chamber 2 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the length change of the detection chimney 4 can of course also be achieved by a telescopic design of the chimney 4.
• FIG. 4 shows the detection chimney 4 with a plug-in insert 8 and an exhaust air dome 10 on the equipment cabinet 1 of a ventilated device.
• the circular extension of the exhaust air dome 10 is fastened to the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device by means of mechanical connections, for example screws 7.
• the cooling air of the ventilated device enters through the exhaust air dome 10 into the flow channel 16 of the measuring chamber 2, passes as a laminar flow past the detectors 12, 13 and leaves the detection chimney 4 through its upper cross-sectional opening 5.
• 5 shows an embodiment which is identical except for the design of the exhaust air dome 10 with the fire detection device described above.
• the detection chimney 4 is attached to the side air outlet slots 6 of a ventilated device 1.
• the exhaust air dome 10 has a 90 "curvature, so that the flow duct 16 runs vertically within the detection chimney 4 in the detection area 17.
• the exhaust air dome 10 is circular in cross-section at its end and is screwed to the air outlet 6 attached.
• FIGS. 1 to 4 shows the exemplary embodiment of the detection chimney according to FIGS. 1 to 4 as a fire detection device for a row of ventilated devices 1, 1 ', 1'',1''' arranged next to one another.
• the detection chimney 4 with the exhaust air dome 10, which in turn has a circular cross-section is mounted on an exhaust air duct 14 which blocks the air outlets 6, 6 ! , 6 ' 1 , 6' 1 'of the individual ventilated equipment cabinets takes a subset of the main cooling air flow via inlet openings 15.
• the cooling air flow removed from each ventilated device is fed as a common air flow through the exhaust air dome 10 and the plug-in insert 8 to the detectors 12, 13.
• the fire detection takes place jointly for the devices 1, 1 ', 1 ', 1 ' 1 ' that are connected together.
• FIG. 7 shows the perspective view of an exhaust air duct 14 - or an exhaust air duct unit - as part of an alternative embodiment of a fire detection device, the overall function of which will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 11 to 14.
• the exhaust air duct unit 14 shown in FIG. 7 is box-shaped and has a cover 25 and side walls 26, 27 attached to it. This exhaust air duct box 14 is ventilated with the open bottom on the air outlet 6 Device 1 placed. If only one exhaust air duct box is used in the fire detection device, one of the two end faces of the exhaust air duct box 14 is closed, while the end face located in the flow direction of the cooling air flow is connected to the measuring chamber 2 (see FIGS. 11 to 14).
• the exhaust air duct box 14 shown in FIG. 7 can be used wherever the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device has baffles 29 which allow the emerging cooling air flow to emerge, for example, at an angle of 45 ° to the plane of the air outlet (FIG. 13 and 14).
• FIG. 8 shows a side view of a lower part 23 with lamellar air inlet slots 18, which can be inserted into the upper part 22 of the exhaust air duct 14 according to FIG. 7 from below.
• the lower part 23 here has, for example, an end wall 28 for the end closure of the exhaust air duct 14, which, however, is not required if the exhaust duct box 14, ie with the upper part 22 and lower part 23, is installed as a central unit in a longer exhaust air duct. In such a case, of course, both ends are open to allow the cooling air to flow through.
• the lamella-like air inlet slots 18 of the lower part 23 each have lamellae 24 on an edge running transversely to the direction of flow, which are inclined in the direction of flow at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the bottom plate of the lower part 23. These slats are used to deflect cooling air entering the bottom plate of the lower part 23 through the air inlet slots 18 in the flow direction for the first time, in order to ensure that the cooling air flowing into the exhaust air duct 14 bounces against the underside of the cover 25 ( Fig. 7) to avoid, which would namely result in a backlog of the cooling air.
• FIG. 9 shows a top view of the lower part 23 according to FIG. 8, from which the position of the lamella 24 becomes clear again.
• FIG. 10 shows an exhaust air duct box 14 composed of an upper part 22 and a lower part 23.
• This exhaust air duct box 14 was created in that the lower part 23 according to FIGS. 8 and 9 was inserted into the upper part 22 according to FIG. 7 from below.
• the exhaust air duct box 14 is closed on one end side by an end wall 28.
• This exhaust air duct box 14 thus represents a unit of the kind used within a longer exhaust air duct composed of a plurality of exhaust air duct units 14 as a left-justified unit or as the only exhaust air duct unit 14. If the exhaust air duct box 14 is used as a central unit to form a longer exhaust air duct, the end wall 28 is omitted.
• the length of the entire exhaust air duct is made up by combining several exhaust air duct units, which can also have different lengths, i.e. is modular, changeable.
• This length adjustment advantageously adapts the fire detection device to the dimensions of the device to be monitored and, by optimizing the length of the exhaust air duct, it can be carried out particularly efficiently for a laminar flow of the cooling air in the exhaust air duct to the measuring chamber.
• the exhaust air duct box 14 has on its side walls 26, 27 stand strips 30, 31 projecting downward beyond the base plate of the insert 23, as a result of which the air inlet slots of the exhaust air duct box 14 are spaced apart from the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device .
• the height of these stand strips - or also the stand 20 according to FIG. 11 - can be adapted to the flow speed of the cooling air flowing out of the ventilated device.
• 11 to 14 some application variants of the flat embodiment of the fire detection device according to the invention are explained.
• 11 and 12 are each because of the use in such a ventilated equipment cabinet 1, the air outlet 6 is attached in the form of a simple grid on the top of the equipment cabinet 1, from which the cooling air thus rises essentially vertically.
• the two exhaust air duct units 14 essentially correspond to the exhaust air duct unit 14 shown in FIG. 10, with the difference that in the exhaust air duct units shown in FIG. 11, the stator strips 30, 31 are replaced by transverse stator 20.
• the cooling air emerging vertically from the air outlet 6 of the equipment cabinet 1 flows into the area below the exhaust air duct units 14 through the air inlet slots 18 and is thereby for the first time through the fins 24 at an angle of approximately 45 ° in the flow direction Measuring chamber 2 too deflected.
• the second deflection of the cooling air takes place on the underside of the cover 25 of the exhaust air duct units 14 (cf. FIG. 7).
• the double deflection of the cooling air within the exhaust air duct and a corresponding length adjustment of the exhaust air duct ensure that the tapped part of the main cooling air flow enters the measuring chamber 2 as a laminar flow, where the cooling air passes the two detectors 12, 13 and on the end face 19 of the measuring chamber 2 can emerge again.
• FIG. 12 shows the use of a further embodiment of the fire detection device on the same ventilated device cabinet 1.
• the cooling air emerges essentially vertically from the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device 1 out.
• the cooling air flows out here at such a low flow rate that a measuring chamber 2 is used, which uses a separate fan via a feed line 21 from the exhaust air duct box 14 to extract the tapped portion the cooling air is actively extracted.
• a measuring chamber 2 is used, which uses a separate fan via a feed line 21 from the exhaust air duct box 14 to extract the tapped portion the cooling air is actively extracted.
• a measuring chamber 2 which uses a separate fan via a feed line 21 from the exhaust air duct box 14 to extract the tapped portion the cooling air is actively extracted.
• one can also refrain from arranging the exhaust air duct at a distance from the air outlet grille by means of stands 20 (cf. FIG. 11) or by projecting stator strips 30, 31 (cf. FIG. 10). Only at exhaust air speeds of approximately> 2
• FIGS. 13 and 14 each show a ventilated device cabinet 1, in which the cooling air already exits the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device 1 at a certain angle.
• the cooling air is deflected here by air baffles 29 already present on the cabinet side, which in the two cases shown deflect the cooling air downward by approximately 45 °.
• the fire detection device in both cases of FIGS. 13 and 14 consists of two exhaust duct units 14, which here, however, consist only of the upper parts 22 according to FIG. 7, and each of a measuring chamber 2. Since the cooling air exiting from the air outlet 6 of the ventilated device 1 already deflected in the flow direction into the exhaust air duct 14 by the guide plates 29, use of the lower part 23 according to FIGS. 8 and 9 is not necessary in the present case.
• the cooling air already entering obliquely downward into the exhaust air duct 14 is redirected once more in the direction of flow on the underside of the cover 25 of the exhaust air duct units 14, so that a laminar cooling air flow in the direction of the measuring chamber 2 also occurs here again.
• the ventilated device 1 of FIG. 13 is a device in which the cooling air from the air outlet 6 is flow-controlled. speed that is greater than about 2 m per second. An active suction of the cooling air from the exhaust air duct can thus be dispensed with, since the intrinsic flow speed of the cooling air is sufficient to transport the tapped part of the cooling air through the exhaust air duct to the measuring chamber 2.
• the device cabinet 1 shown in FIG. 14 is a ventilated device, the cooling air flow speed of which when exiting the air outlet 6 is not sufficient to ensure safe transport of the tapped amount of cooling air through the exhaust air duct 14 to the measuring chamber 2. For this reason, the measuring chamber 2 here again has a fan with which the tapped cooling air is extracted from the exhaust air duct 14 via a feed line 21 and fed to the detectors in the measuring chamber 2.

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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Citations (7)

• 1991
  • 1991-10-17 DE DE4134400A patent/DE4134400C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1992
  • 1992-09-11 CA CA002098602A patent/CA2098602C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-11 WO PCT/EP1992/002092 patent/WO1993008549A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1992-09-11 DE DE59209317T patent/DE59209317D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-11 DK DK92918915T patent/DK0563340T3/da active
  • 1992-09-11 ES ES92918915T patent/ES2115677T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-11 AT AT92918915T patent/ATE165928T1/de active
  • 1992-09-11 EP EP92918915A patent/EP0563340B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-10-16 TR TR92/1150A patent/TR26577A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (7)

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