WO1993004828A1 - Procede pour le moulage par compression de pieces - Google Patents

Procede pour le moulage par compression de pieces Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993004828A1
WO1993004828A1 PCT/EP1992/001991 EP9201991W WO9304828A1 WO 1993004828 A1 WO1993004828 A1 WO 1993004828A1 EP 9201991 W EP9201991 W EP 9201991W WO 9304828 A1 WO9304828 A1 WO 9304828A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
guide grooves
end plates
workpiece
segments
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1992/001991
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Helmut Heider
Original Assignee
Heider Hans Helmut
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heider Hans Helmut filed Critical Heider Hans Helmut
Publication of WO1993004828A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993004828A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • B27D1/083—Presses specially designed for making the manufacture of shaped plywood articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/02—Die constructions enabling assembly of the die parts in different ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27H—BENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H1/00—Bending wood stock, e.g. boards

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for compression molding workpieces.
  • Molding presses are known in the prior art. They are used for a wide variety of applications, e.g. in the woodworking industry, in the construction of laminate structures, in ski production, in the metal and plastic processing industry and also in waste disposal and recycling. Depending on the purposes for which a press is to be used, it has to obey different requirements, especially if the workpiece is to be given a specific shape during the pressing process. Different shapes are required, for example, when building the laminate structure for a ski, where, in order to be able to influence its elasticity and ability to turn, the ski must be bent differently in the area of the tip and in the middle part, i.e. a ski must have bends of different radii over its longitudinal extent. The same applies in the field of wood construction and recycling etc., where in particular aesthetic aspects require the shaping of variously shaped parts.
  • a heating press with a press mold is known.
  • the fixed, heatable press mold consists of a frame which supports a press surface formed from a sandwich structure in the form of a halved wooden cylinder and thus corresponds to the outer contour of a single circular arch to be formed or a predetermined radius.
  • the counterpart to the press mold is a heatable press die, which is attached to a lifting member of the press.
  • the press die has a counter surface to the press surface of the press die, which is designed such that it is arranged equidistant from the press face when the die is in the depressed position.
  • This press can only be used for mass production, because for each sheet to be formed with a different radius, separate templates, i.e. Negative molds for the workpiece have to be produced.
  • a universal sheet press is described in the magazine "Der Manual Schreiner", year 1983, volume 2, page 24 ff., By Braun Maschinenver ⁇ trieb GmbH, which, however, has a complicated structure and is associated with high costs and operating effort. It is constructed vertically in the same way as the support slope on which many press cylinders or spindles are attached, which presses the material to be pressed on the sheet part with the extended legs against a large number of previously set counter-rollers with high pressure. The tension Aggregates and the counter-rollers standing vertically with a free end are introduced into guides of the bevel. Because the ends are directed freely upwards without counter bearing, there is a risk of displacement at higher pressures, so that inaccuracies are inevitably the result.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a molding press which does not have the disadvantages known from the prior art.
  • a molding press should be created that is simple in construction and therefore inexpensive to manufacture. It should allow the setting of any radius shapes within a certain measuring range with sufficient accuracy with little expenditure of personnel and time, in particular it should be possible to form parts which contain differently shaped arches or shafts in one work step. It must be ensured that there is a high and uniform pressing pressure over the entire variable pressing surface and that the press can be used efficiently for individual and series production. This object is achieved by pressing as specified in claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a device for compression molding workpieces, the two End plates with guide grooves comprises, in the guide grooves parallel to each other pressing segments can be stored, which are displaceable and fixable in their position, and a pressing element is provided with which the workpiece can be pressed against the pressing segments.
  • Molding presses of this type have considerable advantages over the known presses.
  • a wide variety of radii can be set by means of the pressure segments which are displaceable and fixable. This can be done quickly and without great effort by suitable fixation.
  • a uniform pressure distribution over the entire variable pressing surface of the workpiece is guaranteed, as is maximum pressure utilization, in that the pressure segments are mounted between two end plates.
  • arc shapes with different radius - convex or concave or also curved in a wave shape - can be produced, which is particularly necessary in the manufacture of skis or the manufacture of molded parts, for example.
  • a flexurally elastic pressure plate is provided between the pressure element and the pressure segments.
  • the even pressure distribution on the workpiece is further increased by a flexible pressure plate.
  • the impression of the pressure segments in the workpiece is prevented.
  • the pressure element is reusable due to its bending elasticity, regardless of which arch shapes are pressed with it.
  • the workpiece can be stored between two flexurally elastic pressure plates when pressed against the pressure segments. Two plates additionally stabilize the workpiece to be pressed, particularly when a laminate is being built up.
  • one or more clamping elements are provided as the pressing element, with which the workpiece can be pressed against the pressing segments.
  • the pressing element With the help of a suitable pulling mechanism, the belts can be placed around the workpiece and the pressure segments. This embodiment is particularly suitable when a single strong bend is to be generated in the workpiece and is explained in more detail below.
  • these tensioning elements can, for example, be tensioning belts or bands made of flexible material.
  • the pressure element is a hydraulically or pneumatically operable element.
  • hoses, pillows or beds which can be filled with gases or liquids and with the aid of which the workpiece can be pressed against the pressure segments.
  • the pressing of such a hose, pillow or bed can either be done automatically by introducing a medium (gas or liquid) into it until the required contact pressure is reached.
  • the tube, the pillow or the bed is filled with a predetermined amount of the medium and by means of a pressure device or a lifting device is pressed against the workpiece.
  • the hose, the cushion or the bed form-fittingly contacts the workpiece and presses it against the pressure segments.
  • the uniform pressure distribution over the variable pressing surface is increased and at the same time a maximum pressure load on the workpiece is possible.
  • workpieces can be formed which have different arc shapes with different radii over their surface - curved convexly or concavely or in wave form.
  • gases and liquids such as water and air, but also fine-grained solids can be used as the medium for filling the hoses, pillows or beds.
  • end plates are provided, two of which are each mounted one above the other and displaceable relative to one another.
  • guide grooves are again provided in each of the end plates in the manner indicated, in which the pressure segments can be stored for the workpiece in accordance with the desired shape.
  • the workpiece leads past the upper and lower end plate halves and is thus placed between two sets of pressure segments.
  • the end plates for example, hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically and / or electronically controlled against each other, these themselves or the pressure segments arranged between them act as pressure elements.
  • only the upper or only the lower end plate pairs, which are spaced parallel to one another, can be displaced.
  • a synchronous switching of the drive device or an individual drive for each pair of plates arranged in parallel ensure the accuracy of the amount of the displacement.
  • the embodiment described above proves to be particularly advantageous if the guide grooves for the pressure segments are arranged in an equidistant manner from one another and vertically in each of the end plates.
  • complicated shapes for the workpiece for example an S or wave shape, can be accomplished easily and safely, with an optimal pressure design being guaranteed.
  • two sets of guide grooves each running parallel to one another are provided, which are each arranged at a certain angle to the central longitudinal axis of the end plate.
  • the two sets of guide grooves are separated from each other by a center bar. This angle can preferably be at an angle of 45 ° for both sets of guide grooves. It is further preferred that the two sets of guide grooves have different inclinations towards the longitudinal center. In another preferred embodiment, the guide grooves lie on arcuate arcs.
  • two sets of mutually parallel rows of guide grooves are provided, which are mirrored to one another on a vertical longitudinal axis of the end plates, the guide grooves being formed in a quarter circle with a radius that increases uniformly toward the outside.
  • This embodiment corresponds essentially to the embodiment described above, but differs from it in that the circular arcs are interrupted along a vertical longitudinal axis of the end plates. It therefore also has the above advantages and also allows for further variations in the shape of the workpiece.
  • a bore is provided in the center of the lower end of the end plates, that is to say on the vertical longitudinal axis, for receiving a stationary pressure segment. It also optimally prevents the workpiece from slipping sideways.
  • a fixed contact segment can be used depending on the desired shape can also be provided at any other location on the end plate.
  • a vertical guide groove can preferably also be provided on the vertical longitudinal axis of the end plate. This again brings further variation options for the shape of the workpiece.
  • Figure la A sectional view of a possible
  • tension belts are provided as pressing elements and the guide grooves are arranged in a quarter circle;
  • Figure 1b A possible configuration of the pressure element
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an inventive and further preferred arrangement of the guide grooves
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of another possible embodiment of the guide grooves;
  • Figure 4a a schematic representation of a
  • Embodiment in which two end plates movable one above the other and to one another are arranged in one plane;
  • Figure 4b a schematic representation of a workpiece arranged between them.
  • the two end plates 2, 2 * which lie opposite one another in parallel, are fastened to a frame 1 with their side edges. Both end plates 2, 2 * are connected to one another in a rotationally secure manner to form the pressing body by means of four stabilizing shafts 25 inserted in clearance bores. The twisted ends of the stabilizing shafts 25 are fitted into these bores in such a way that they can be moved axially therein with exact guidance.
  • a spring is interposed at one turned end of each stabilizing shaft 25.
  • each end plate 2, 2 * which are mirrored to each other on a vertical central longitudinal axis of the end plates.
  • the guide grooves 3 are formed in a quarter circle with a radius increasing uniformly to the outside. The number of guide grooves 3 designed in this way is almost unlimited. In each case, the guide grooves 3 have the same spacing from one another.
  • Locking means 20 (for example fitting screws with washers) are fixed in the guide grooves 3, which are connected to the pressure segments 4, for example via a thread, and thereby bridge the end plates 2, 2 '.
  • a pressure segment which is mounted in a stationary manner in the bore 5 is likewise mounted on the end plates 2, 2 'using the means described above.
  • a template can be attached to each end plate outer side with the help of 2 fitting bores and corresponding dowel pins. The templates are then in contact with the stationary pressure segment 4. At the pre-made template radius all other pressure segments 4 guided in the guide grooves 3 are pressed after releasing the locking means 20 and tensioned again with an even contact pressure on both sides. For the radii to be pressed, provision is also made to fix the pressure segments 4 to viewing radii 26 and dowel holes 24 milled into the outer sides of the end plates 2, 2 'without the use of templates.
  • the outermost guide grooves 3 are extended downward and contain two deflecting shafts 18.
  • two adjustable depending on the arch to be pressed, via twelve bores 21 located on a horizontal plane
  • Deflection shafts 19 with locking means 20 are used, which serve on the one hand with the deflection shafts 18 guided in the outer guide grooves 3 for deflecting clamping elements 13 (not shown completely) and on the other hand a complete sliding of the end plates 2, 2 'when the locking means 20 are released. prevent.
  • the end plates 2, 2 * are slightly pushed apart by the spring pressure of the springs when the pressure segments 4 are loosened and in this way bring about a smooth movement of the pressure segments in the guide grooves 3.
  • This consists of a lifting element which acts as a lifting device 7 and which, for example, is coupled to a pressure strip 9 of a receiving frame 8, as shown.
  • the lifting device 7 can be operated hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically and / or electronically. The exact setting is preferably made using a manometer.
  • the receiving frame 8 carries two flexurally elastic pressure plates 10, 11 with the intermediate workpiece 12 to be molded.
  • the pressure plates 10, 11 consist of flexurally elastic material, preferably of plastic or metal, and consequently have the property of bending easily and to return to their starting position after mechanical stress, in order to guarantee a bridging of the forces from one to the other pressure segment. In addition, they are temperature-resistant, so that heating is possible if necessary.
  • the receiving frame 8 moves with the workpiece 12 lying between the pressure plates 10, 11 by means of the lifting device 7 to the stationary pressure segment 4, and is consequently secured against slipping. For a controlled height adjustment of the receiving frame 8, it is easily possible to couple the lifting device 7 to an automatic feed pump.
  • a transverse stiffening (not shown in the drawing) is snapped into the base part of the frame 1, which prevents the same from bending apart.
  • the pulling mechanism consisting of a bearing block 14 is fastened to bridge the end plates 2, 2 '.
  • the central axes of a receiving segment rotatably mounted therein at the top (15 slotted shaft) and a receiving shaft 17 lying underneath with play are in line with the central axis of the stationary contact segment 4.
  • the tabs of the tensioning elements 13 deflected via the four deflecting shafts 18, 19 are fastened to a receiving shaft 17.
  • the receiving segment 15 serves for retracting and tensioning the other ends of the tensioning elements 13 and is firmly connected to a tensioning mechanism 16, for example with heavy loads.
  • a tensioning mechanism 16 for example with heavy loads.
  • the tensioning elements 13 passed underneath the lower pressure plate 11 (not shown) via the set deflection shafts 18, 19 placed, pulled through the receiving segment 15 and tightened by means of the clamping mechanism 16.
  • the clamping elements 13 press the two pressure plates 10, 11 with the workpiece 12 located between them against the pressure segments 4, an exact and uniform arch being obtained.
  • the invention further provides for tensioning elements 13 to be tensioned with hydraulic cylinders connected to a pressure gauge instead of tensioning mechanism 16.
  • the clamping can be carried out by means of an electric drive, pneumatically, hydraulically, manually and / or via an electronic control.
  • the pressure distribution over the entire variable pressing surface is further optimized by the special guidance of the clamping elements.
  • the tensioning of the tensioning elements is not necessarily limited to the pulling mechanism shown.
  • the receiving frame 8 shown in FIG. 1b the receiving frame 8 shown in FIG.
  • the width of the pressure body i.e. the length of the pressure segments 4 can correspond.
  • the workpiece 12 to be pressed is placed directly on this belt, which preferably consists of flexible material.
  • the belt 81 with the workpiece 12 is pulled against the pressure segments 4 and pressed.
  • This embodiment also ensures a very good pressure distribution over the entire pressing surface. Since the tensile force first acts on the lowest point, slippage of the material to be pressed when pressing is ensured even without a fixed pressure segment (as in FIG. 1 a).
  • the pressure segments can, as indicated in the drawing, be cylindrically shaped shafts. However, other embodiments thereof are also conceivable.
  • the pressing of such a pressing element can either take place automatically, in particular by pouring gases into it until the required contact pressure is reached, or it is also conceivable that the hose, the cushion or the bed contain a predetermined amount of gases or liquids is filled and is pressed against the workpiece 12 and thus against the pressing segments 4 by means of the lifting device 7. As a result of the subsequent compression of the gases or the liquids, the pressure element then lies against the workpiece in a form-fitting manner and presses it against the pressure segments.
  • These embodiments are particularly simple to manufacture, since it is not necessary to provide adjustable deflection shafts 18, 19 for the tensioning elements, and the complex equipment for a pulling mechanism is also eliminated.
  • variable press surface Nevertheless, a uniform pressure distribution on the variable press surface can be achieved.
  • the embodiment described above could be designed in a reverse manner.
  • the workpiece 12 would be placed in a suitable manner on the contact segments 4, the required contact pressure being generated by the contact element (s) 6 on the workpiece from above 12 are arranged.
  • the shaping takes place by pressing elements 6, as described above, which are directed onto the workpiece from above. After the pressure has been released, the flexible material returns to its original shape and at the same time releases the shaped workpiece.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the guide grooves 3, these lying in a constant arc of a circle.
  • the arcs have a radius that increases outwards and upwards.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further possibility of arranging the guide grooves 3, which can be used advantageously within the scope of the invention.
  • two sets of rows of guide grooves running parallel to one another are provided, which are mirrored to one another on a vertical longitudinal axis of the end plates 2, 2, the straight guide grooves being at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical longitudinal axis.
  • This possibility of arranging the guide grooves 3 is also not limited to the embodiment shown. So the number of straight and grooves arranged in parallel vary.
  • the angle of inclination which the guide grooves 3 take in relation to the central longitudinal axis can generally be arbitrary.
  • the sets of guide grooves 3 do not necessarily have to be mirrored symmetrically to the central longitudinal axis. Rather, the arrangement of the guide grooves 3 can also be selected such that the angle of one set of guide grooves 3 deviates from the angle of the other set.
  • an additional vertically extending guide groove can be arranged on the central longitudinal axis, or the sets of guide grooves converge on the central longitudinal axis.
  • FIG. 4a A further embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically in FIG. 4a, two end plates movable relative to one another being arranged in one plane, so that the end plates 2, 2 'are, as it were, divided into an upper and a lower half.
  • the guide grooves 3 are provided parallel to one another and running vertically to accommodate the pressure segments 4.
  • at least the respective upper or lower halves of the end plate act as a pressing element 6, either by connecting the upper halves to the lower halves, which are connected to one another as described in FIG. 1 a, or vice versa. Moving towards each other is also possible.
  • the end plates are movably mounted in the frame 1 carrying them and can be moved manually, electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically and / or electronically. All variants of the groove shaping can be found here can be combined with one another with end plates arranged one above the other.
  • the workpiece 12 to be molded is inserted and pressed between the respective upper and lower halves of the end plates 2, 2 '.
  • the workpiece 12 can be pressed in alternately concave or convex arcs in a particularly suitable manner.
  • the production of the molding press is very simple, inexpensive and easy to use.
  • the molding presses according to the invention can also be used to produce, to a certain extent, laminate structures of the most varied shapes in one work step. Another conceivable use of the molding presses is in the waste disposal or recycling sector. Suitable waste products can be processed into a molding compound which can then be pressed into molded parts with the press according to the invention. Generally speaking, all materials that can be plastically deformed can be processed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif pour mouler des pièces comporte au moins deux plaques frontales (2, 2') pourvues de rainures de guidage (3). Les segments de mise en pression (4) mutuellement parallèles peuvent être montés dans les rainures de guidage (3) et la pièce peut être pressée contre les segments de mise en pression (4) par un élément de mise en pression (6).
PCT/EP1992/001991 1991-08-30 1992-08-28 Procede pour le moulage par compression de pieces WO1993004828A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4128914.5 1991-08-30
DE19914128914 DE4128914A1 (de) 1991-08-30 1991-08-30 Einrichtung zum formen von rundbogenteilen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993004828A1 true WO1993004828A1 (fr) 1993-03-18

Family

ID=6439543

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1992/001991 WO1993004828A1 (fr) 1991-08-30 1992-08-28 Procede pour le moulage par compression de pieces

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0529663A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4128914A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993004828A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019007000A1 (fr) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-10 广东工业大学 Dispositif auxiliaire de flexion thermique de bambou

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19729733C2 (de) * 1997-07-11 2003-04-10 Dirk Dambacher Vorrichtung zum Formen von bogenförmigen Werkstücken aus biegefähigem Material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2412274A (en) * 1943-11-22 1946-12-10 Haskelite Mfg Corp Apparatus for molding plywood panels
DE3313669A1 (de) * 1983-04-15 1984-10-18 Hans 6694 Marpingen Weiand Transportable-pneumatische-bogenpresse zur rationellen verleimung von tuerboegen, fensterboegen oder aehnlichem in einer aufspannung
EP0211810A1 (fr) * 1985-06-10 1987-02-25 Remo Angelucci Plateau de formage de structures laminées courbes
US4667497A (en) * 1985-10-08 1987-05-26 Metals, Ltd. Forming of workpiece using flowable particulate
US4886568A (en) * 1988-02-01 1989-12-12 W. P. Stephens Lumber Company Adjustable radius wood laminating fixture
EP0435722A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-07-03 Sollac Procédé et dispositif de mise en forme d'un flan de tôle notamment pour réaliser un masque de tube cathodique

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2551383A (en) * 1944-11-02 1951-05-01 Michaelis Karl Wood bending machinery
DE3641270A1 (de) * 1986-12-03 1988-06-16 Helmut Klingler Verfahren und geraete zur herstellung von holzlaminatformen mit eng-radigen winkelbogen sowie bogenformen mittels herstellung der biegefaehigkeit, biegen und verleimen von holzlamellen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2412274A (en) * 1943-11-22 1946-12-10 Haskelite Mfg Corp Apparatus for molding plywood panels
DE3313669A1 (de) * 1983-04-15 1984-10-18 Hans 6694 Marpingen Weiand Transportable-pneumatische-bogenpresse zur rationellen verleimung von tuerboegen, fensterboegen oder aehnlichem in einer aufspannung
EP0211810A1 (fr) * 1985-06-10 1987-02-25 Remo Angelucci Plateau de formage de structures laminées courbes
US4667497A (en) * 1985-10-08 1987-05-26 Metals, Ltd. Forming of workpiece using flowable particulate
US4886568A (en) * 1988-02-01 1989-12-12 W. P. Stephens Lumber Company Adjustable radius wood laminating fixture
EP0435722A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-07-03 Sollac Procédé et dispositif de mise en forme d'un flan de tôle notamment pour réaliser un masque de tube cathodique

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019007000A1 (fr) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-10 广东工业大学 Dispositif auxiliaire de flexion thermique de bambou

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DE4128914A1 (de) 1993-03-04
EP0529663A1 (fr) 1993-03-03

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