Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/543—Terminals
  • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
  • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
  • H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/191—Inorganic material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/193—Organic material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/197—Sealing members characterised by the material having a layered structure
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/543—Terminals
  • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
  • H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/543—Terminals
  • H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a thin battery used for a portable electronic device, a device using a battery, and the like, and particularly to an improvement in a sealing body.
• thin batteries with a thickness of 0.1 mm have been manufactured using light metals such as lithium as the negative electrode active material. Its thickness is as thin as tens of meters.
• FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a conventional thin battery.
• 1 is a negative electrode active material layer
• 2 is a positive electrode active material layer
• 3 is an ion conductive electrolyte layer, and these constitute a power generation element.
• the negative electrode active material for example, metallic lithium is used.
• Reference numeral 5 denotes a negative electrode terminal plate
• 6 denotes a positive electrode terminal plate
• each terminal plate 5, 6 also serves as a current collector and a battery case.
• As the terminal plates 5 and 6 a stainless plate or a nickel plate having a thickness of 15 to 30 m is used.
• a frame-shaped sealing body 4 for sealing the power generating element between the terminal plates 5 and 6 and insulating the terminal plates 5 and 6 from each other is provided.
• the sealing body 4 is strange It is made of conductive polypropylene resin.
• the thin battery is required to have a reliability that is not easily bent and that can withstand long-term use, that is, long-term reliability.
• the sealing body 4 is made of modified polypropylene resin, the mechanical strength is small, so that the battery is bent and a gap is easily generated in the sealing portion.
• the electrolyte performance leaks from the sealing portion, and moisture or oxygen enters, thereby deteriorating the battery performance. .
• moisture enters it reacts with lithium metal, which is the negative electrode active material, and the battery capacity decreases.
• the sealing body 4 when the sealing body 4 is provided, the sealing body 4 is arranged on the peripheral edge of the terminal plates 5 and 6, and then the terminal plates 5 and 6 and the sealing body 4 are thermally fused. I was however, since the heat shrinkage of the sealing body 4 and the terminals ⁇ 5 and 6 are different, as shown in Fig. 14, ⁇ occurs in the sealing part, and stress remains, and during the use of the battery, stress is applied to the sealing part. And open part of the battery, causing outside air to enter the battery and degrade the battery performance as above.
• a thin battery as shown in FIG. 15 in which the sealing body 4 has a two-layer structure is also known.
• 4a is a negative electrode side sealing body
• 4b is a positive electrode side sealing body.
• the external dimensions of the terminal plates 5, 6 are made smaller than the external dimensions of the sealing members 4a, 4b in order to prevent external short-circuiting due to the contact of the terminal plates 5, 6 at the periphery.
• Such a joined body of the sealing body 4a and the terminal plate 5 and a joined body of the sealing body 4b and the terminal plate 6 are simultaneously and continuously processed through the steps shown in FIGS. 16 to 19. Had been manufactured. That is, first, a grid body 20 as shown in FIG.
• the lattice body 20 is made of the same material as the sealing body 4, has the same thickness as the sealing bodies 4a and 4b, and has a large number of sealing bodies 4a and 4b integrally. It has the following structure.
• the grid 20 is placed on the hard backing film 11 and a cut is made in the grid 20 with a half cut 10 and the grid 20 is cut as shown in Fig. 18. Separate as shown.
• the right side is a joined body of the sealing body 4a and the terminal plate 5
• the left side is a joined body of the sealing body 4b and the terminal plate 6.
• a first object of the present invention is to provide a thin battery excellent in long-term reliability.
• a second object of the present invention is to provide a thin battery which can sufficiently prevent an external short circuit and has good productivity.
• a first invention of the present application is directed to a power generation element in which a negative electrode active material, an electrolyte, and a positive electrode active material are layered, and a power collector provided above and below the power generation element.
• a terminal plate that also serves as a battery case, and a frame-shaped sealing body provided on the peripheral edge of the terminal plate to seal the power generation element between the terminal plates and to insulate the terminals from each other. It is characterized in that the body has a multilayer structure in the vertical direction, at least one layer is a layer made of metal, and the other is a layer made of electrical insulator.
• the sealing body has a multilayer structure in the vertical direction, and a material having a heat shrinkage closer to the terminal plate than the modified polyolefin resin is provided between the adhesive layers made of the modified polyolefin resin. It is characterized by sandwiching different heterogeneous material layers.
• the sealing body has a multilayer structure in the inward and outward directions, a material having low moisture permeability is used for the outer layer, and a material having high resistance to the electrolyte is used for the inner layer. It is characterized by having been.
• the metal layer is included in the multilayer structure of the sealing body, the mechanical strength of the sealing body and thus the battery is increased, and the battery is hardly bent. Therefore, no gap is formed in the sealing portion, and deterioration of the battery performance due to invasion of outside air or leakage of the electrolyte is prevented.
• the second invention a foreign material layer is sandwiched between the adhesive layers.
• the wrinkles generated when the sealing body is heat-sealed to the terminal plate are extremely small, and the problem of residual stress is eliminated. Therefore, deterioration of battery performance due to intrusion of outside air and leakage of the electrolyte is prevented.
• the outer layer of the sealing body prevents the permeation of moisture, and the inner layer prevents the leakage of the electrolyte. Therefore, deterioration of battery performance due to intrusion of outside air such as moisture and leakage of electrolyte is prevented.
• a fourth invention of the present application is directed to a power generation element in which a negative electrode active material, an electrolyte, and a positive electrode active material are layered, and a power collector provided above and below the power generation element.
• a terminal plate that also serves as a battery case, and a frame-shaped sealing body provided on the periphery of the terminal plate to seal the power generation element between the terminal plates and to insulate between the terminal plates.
• the body has a two-layer structure in the vertical direction, the upper sealing body and the upper terminal board have the same outer dimensions, and the lower sealing body and the lower terminal board also have the same outer dimensions.
• the outer dimensions of the body and the upper terminal board are different from the outer dimensions of the lower sealing body and the lower terminal board.
• FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the thin battery of Example 1
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a comparison of the storage performance between the battery of Example 1 and the battery of the comparative example
• FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a thin battery
• FIG. 4 is FIG. IV—cross-sectional view
• FIG. 5 is a discharge characteristic diagram of the battery of Example 2
• FIG. 6 is a discharge characteristic diagram of the battery of the comparative example in Example 2
• FIG. 7 is a thin battery of Example 3.
• FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparison of the storage performance between the battery of Example 3 and the battery of the comparative example.
• FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the thin battery of Example 4, and FIG. FIG. 12 to FIG.
• FIGS. 17 to 19 are partial longitudinal sectional views showing a part of the manufacturing process of the thin battery of FIG. 15 in order.
• FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a thin battery of this embodiment.
• 1 is a negative electrode active material layer
• 2 is a positive electrode active material layer
• 3 is an electrolyte layer, and these constitute a power generation element.
• Metallic lithium is used as the negative electrode active material.
• the positive electrode active material is mainly composed of manganese dioxide.
• the electrolyte layer 3 is made of a solid polymer electrolyte obtained by adding lithium perchlorate to polyethylene oxide.
• 5 is a negative terminal ⁇
• 6 is a positive terminal ⁇
• each terminal plate 5, 6 also serves as a current collector and a battery case.
• Stainless steel plates are used for the terminal plates 5 and 6.
• the sealing body 4 has two metal layers 4 It has a three-layer structure in which an electrical insulator layer 43 is sandwiched between 1 and 42.
• the metal layers 41 and 42 are made of Kovar (Ni: 28%, Co: 18%, Fe: 54%).
• the electric insulator layer 43 is made of aluminum ceramics.
• the metal layers 41, 542 and the electric insulator layer 43 are joined by heat fusion or via an adhesive.
• the sealing body 4 and the terminal plates 5 and 6 are welded by laser welding.
• the thin battery of the comparative example has the same configuration as the battery shown in FIG.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a comparison of the storage performance between the thin battery of the present embodiment and the thin battery of the comparative example.
• the horizontal axis is the number of storage days, and the vertical axis is the discharge capacity ratio (%).
• the storage performance was examined by measuring the change over time of the battery capacity when the battery was left in an atmosphere at a temperature of 60 ° C and a relative humidity of 9500%. Note that the initial capacity is 100.
• the battery of this example has a smaller capacity change when left for a long period of time than the battery of the comparative example, that is, has a small performance deterioration and is excellent in long-term reliability.
• the sealing body 4 since the sealing body 4 has the metal layers 41 and 42, the mechanical strength is higher than that of the battery of the comparative example, so that the battery is hardly bent. I'm sorry. Therefore, in the battery of the present embodiment, the airtightness between the sealing body 4 and the terminal plates 5 and 6 is sufficiently ensured.
• Kovar which is a constituent material of the metal layers 41, 425, and Alumina Ceramics, which is a constituent material of the electric insulator layer 43, have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, it is stable against temperature changes, and the airtightness between the sealing body 4 and the terminal plates 5 and 6 can be more appropriately secured. Therefore, the battery of the present example has extremely low permeability of moisture, oxygen, gaseous carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and the like as compared with the battery of the comparative example, so that the performance degradation is small and the long-term reliability is excellent.
• the sealing body 4 has a three-layer structure in the vertical direction, and has the metal layers 41 and 42 therein. Can prevent performance degradation due to intrusion and improve long-term reliability.
• the sealing body 4 may have a three-layer structure in which two electrically insulating layers are provided and a metal layer is interposed between the two layers.
• the sealing body 4 is not limited to the three-layer structure, and may have a multilayer structure having at least one metal layer.
• the electrical insulation layer is arranged so as to insulate both terminal boards 5 and 6.
• welding of the sealing body 4 and the terminal plates 5 and 6 may be performed by electron beam welding or resistance welding.
• a constituent material of the metal layer aluminum, iron-gel alloy (for example, Ni: 42%, Fe: 58%), stainless steel, copper, nickel, or the like may be used.
• ceramics other than alumina ceramics or a synthetic resin may be used.
• a sulfide adhesive is preferable.
• a polysulfide-modified epoxy resin (trade name “Flep”, manufactured by Toray Reco Coal), a polysulfide polymer (trade name “Tiocol LP”, Toray Recocol) And the like can be used.
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the thin battery of this embodiment
• FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG.
• the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same or corresponding parts.
• the sealing body 4 is made of a material having a heat shrinkage closer to the terminal plates 5 and 6 than the modified polyolefin-based thermoplastic resin in the adhesive layers 44 and 45 made of the modified polyolefin-based thermoplastic resin.
• a heterogeneous material layer 46 composed of As the modified polyolefin-based thermoplastic resin, which is a constituent material of the adhesives 44 and 45, a resin obtained by graft polymerization of maleic anhydride on a polypropylene resin is used.
• Polypropylene resin is used as the material. It can be considered that the polypropylene resin is obtained by removing the functional group having an adhesive function from the modified polyolefin-based thermoplastic resin that is a constituent material of the adhesive layers 44 and 45.
• the adhesive layers 44 and 45 and the foreign material layer 46 are joined by heat fusion or through an adhesive.
• the sealing body 4 and the terminal plates 5 and 6 are heat-sealed.
• the sealing body 4 has a single-layer structure made of the same material as the adhesive layers 44 and 45, and the other structure is the same as the thin battery of the present embodiment.
• a battery was prepared. That is, the thin battery of the comparative example has the same configuration as the battery shown in FIG.
• the batteries of Example and Comparative Example of 0.2 Ah were discharged at a constant current discharge of 20 mA, both when they were initially discharged and when they were discharged after storage at 60 ° C for 20 days.
• the capacity was measured.
• FIG. 5 shows the results of the battery of the present example
• FIG. 6 shows the results of the battery of the comparative example.
• the capacity of the battery of this example hardly decreased even after high-temperature storage, but the discharge capacity of the comparative example battery after storage at high temperature became the initial discharge capacity. On the other hand, it has fallen to about 70%.
• the heat shrinkage of the foreign material layer 46 is smaller than the heat shrinkage of the adhesive layers 44 and 45 and close to the heat shrinkage of the terminal plates 5 and 6, so that the sealing body 4 and the terminal
• the wrinkles generated when the plates 5 and 6 are heat-sealed are much smaller than those of the comparative battery. That is, no stress remains in the sealed portion of the battery of this example. Therefore, in the battery of the present embodiment, stress is not applied to the sealing portion during use of the battery and a part of the battery does not open, and the outside air does not enter the inside of the battery to deteriorate the battery performance. Long-term reliability is improved.
• the constituent materials of the adhesive layers 44 and 45 and the constituent material of the foreign material layer 46 have the same main spear structure, they are fused and closely bonded. It will be. Furthermore, since the main chain structure is a polyolefin-based material, the water permeability of the sealing body 4 is low. Therefore, the deterioration of the battery performance due to the outside air such as moisture entering the inside of the battery can be prevented well from this point.
• the sealing member 4 has a three-layer structure in the vertical direction, and the foreign material layer 46 is sandwiched between the adhesive layers 44 and 45.
• the sealing body 4 is not limited to the three-layer structure, and may have a five-layer structure in which an adhesive layer and a foreign material layer are alternately laminated, or a multilayer structure of more layers.
• the foreign material layer is not limited to a polyolefin-based thermoplastic resin, but may be a metal as long as the material has a heat shrinkage rate close to that of the terminal plate.
• FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the thin battery of this example.
• This thin battery has a battery capacity of 50 mAh and a thickness of 0.1 mm.
• the electrolyte layer 3 is made of a polypropylene nonwoven fabric, and this nonwoven fabric is impregnated with a nonaqueous solvent electrolyte obtained by dissolving lithium perchlorate in a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane. .
• the terminal plates 5 and 6 are stainless steel plates with a thickness of 151.1.
• the sealing body 4 is composed of an inner sealing body 47 and an outer sealing body 48, and has a two-layer structure in the inner and outer directions of the battery.
• the width of each sealing body 47, 48 is 1.5 mm.
• the inner sealing member 47 is made of a silicone rubber-based adhesive
• the outer sealing member 48 is made of a modified polypropylene resin.
• the sealing body 4 and the terminal plates 5 and 6 are thermocompression bonded at 190 ° C. This thermocompression bonding is performed under reduced pressure to remove air inside.
• a thin battery having the same structure as the thin battery of the present example except that the sealing body 4 had a single-layer structure of 3 mm in width made of a modified polypropylene resin was prepared. That is, the thin battery of the comparative example has the same configuration as the battery shown in FIG. battery 2 The capacity is 50 mAh and the thickness is 0.1 mm.
• each battery was stored in a thermo-hygrostat at 60 to 90% relative humidity, and the relationship between the number of storage days and the decrease in battery capacity was examined.
• the battery capacity was reduced by discharging the battery to a final voltage of 2 V at a current of 0.5 mAh at 25 and measuring the remaining time to measure the remaining capacity.
• the number of battery samples was set to 5 at each measurement stage, and the average value was determined. The results are shown in FIG. In Fig. 8, the horizontal axis is the number of storage days, and the vertical axis is the remaining capacity (%).
• the battery of this example has a very small reduction in battery capacity and has excellent storage performance.
• the battery of the comparative example had a large decrease in battery capacity, and the electrolyte leaked after 60 days.
• the modified polypropylene resin which is a constituent material of the outer sealing body 48
• the metal resin as the negative electrode active material is prevented. Titium is prevented from being consumed by reacting with moisture.
• the silicone rubber adhesive which is a constituent material of the inner sealing member 47, has a high resistance to the electrolyte, the leakage of the electrolyte is also prevented. Therefore, the decrease in the battery capacity of the battery of this embodiment is very small, and the long-term reliability is improved.
• the permeation of water is prevented by the outer sealing member 48, and the leakage of the electrolyte is prevented by the inner sealing member 47. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the battery performance due to the invasion of the outside air such as moisture and the leakage of the electrolyte.
• the constituent material of the inner sealing body 47 is resistant to electrolyte. If it is large, it is not limited to silicone rubber adhesive.
• the constituent material of the outer sealing body 48 is not limited to the modified polypropylene resin as long as it has a small moisture permeability.
• the sealing body 4 is not limited to a two-layer structure. If a layer made of a material having low moisture permeability is arranged on the outside and a material having high resistance to the electrolyte is arranged on the inside, a structure of three or more layers is formed. It may be something.
• FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the thin battery of this example.
• the sealing body 4 made of a modified polypropylene resin has a two-layer structure including a negative-side sealing body 4a and a positive-side sealing body 4b.
• the outer dimensions of the negative electrode-side sealing member 4a and the positive electrode-side sealing member 4b are different.
• the negative electrode-side sealing member 4a is set to be larger by the width X.
• the negative electrode terminal plate 5 and the negative electrode side sealing body 4a have the same outer dimensions
• the positive electrode terminal plate 6 and the positive electrode side sealing body 4b also have the same outer dimensions.
• the sealing members 4a and 4b are heat-welded to the terminal plates 5 and 6, respectively.
• the sealing body 4a and the sealing body 4b are joined by heat fusion or via an adhesive.
• the joined body of the sealing body 4 a and the terminal plate 5 and the joined body of the sealing body 4 b and the terminal ⁇ 6 are simultaneously processed through the following steps. And it is manufactured continuously. That is, first, a grid body 20 as shown in FIG. 16 is prepared, and the grid body 20 is welded to a stainless plate 21 serving as a terminal plate.
• the lattice body 20 is made of the same material as the sealing body 4, It has the same thickness as the sealing members 4a, 4b, and has a structure in which a large number of sealing members 4a, 4b are integrated.
• FIG. 10 the grid body 20 is placed on the hard backing film 11, and a cut is made in the grid body 20 with a half cutter 10, as shown in FIG. 11.
• FIG. 11 for example, the right side is a joined body of the sealing body 4a and the terminal plate 5, and the left side is a joined body of the sealing body 4b and the terminal # 6.
• FIGS. 10 to 12 correspond to the XVI I-XVI I sectional views in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 11, a cut is made only in the joined body of the sealing body 4 b and the terminal plate 6 with a half cutter 10, and as shown in FIG. Remove the joint between the sealing body 4b and the terminal ⁇ 6.
• the joined body of the sealing body 4a and the terminal plate 5 and the joined body of the sealing body 4b and the terminal plate 6 thus obtained are the negative electrode active material layer 1, the positive electrode active material layer 2, and the electrolyte layer. They are joined together so as to sandwich the power generation element consisting of three.
• the number of batteries in this example was 0. There were three batteries. That is, in the battery of the present embodiment, an external short circuit caused by contact of the peripheral edges of the terminals # 5 and # 6 is reliably prevented. In addition, since it is not necessary to remove only the periphery of the terminal plates 5 and 6 from the joined body of the sealing body 4 a and the terminal plate 5 and the joined body of the sealing body 4 b and the terminal plate 6, c. The operation using one camera is easy, and the productivity is improved.
• the outer dimensions of the joined body of the sealing body 4a and the terminal plate 5 and the joined body of the sealing body 4b and the terminal plate 6 were different. Since the external dimensions are different, an external short circuit caused by contact of the terminal plate 56 at the periphery of the battery can be reliably prevented. In addition, since the manufacturing operation using the half cutter 10 can be simplified, productivity can be improved.
• the thin battery of the present invention has excellent long-term reliability as compared with the related art, the thin battery is highly useful as a power source for portable electronic devices, battery-powered devices, and the like.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
• Primary Cells (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26526177

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (23)

Citations (25)

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• 1992
  • 1992-08-06 DE DE69216217T patent/DE69216217T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-08-06 WO PCT/JP1992/001007 patent/WO1993003504A1/ja active IP Right Grant
  • 1992-08-06 DE DE69231005T patent/DE69231005T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-08-06 CA CA002093137A patent/CA2093137A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-08-06 EP EP95110333A patent/EP0691695B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-08-06 US US08/039,158 patent/US5378557A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-08-06 EP EP92916815A patent/EP0556402B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (25)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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