WO1992004624A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung der anzahl dissoziierfähiger teilchen in flüssigkeiten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung der anzahl dissoziierfähiger teilchen in flüssigkeiten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992004624A1 WO1992004624A1 PCT/DE1991/000717 DE9100717W WO9204624A1 WO 1992004624 A1 WO1992004624 A1 WO 1992004624A1 DE 9100717 W DE9100717 W DE 9100717W WO 9204624 A1 WO9204624 A1 WO 9204624A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- liquid
- particles
- current
- liquids
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/42—Measuring deposition or liberation of materials from an electrolyte; Coulometry, i.e. measuring coulomb-equivalent of material in an electrolyte
- G01N27/423—Coulometry
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the number of dissociable particles (ion pairs) in liquids.
- electrochemical methods for determining ions in liquids are known, which are all based on a conductivity measurement of the liquid.
- an electrical voltage is applied to a pair of electrodes located in the liquid to be examined and the electrical current which then arises is measured by means of a measuring device.
- Disassociable particles represent impurities in liquids and are generally in a dissociated and non-dissociated state.
- the methods mentioned based on a conductivity measurement are therefore not able to exactly determine the number of dissociable particles in liquids, since during such a measurement some of the particles are always in undissociated form and therefore cannot contribute to the conductivity.
- charge carriers are also continuously injected into the liquid, which also falsifies the result.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method which enables a simple but very precise determination of the number of dissociable particles in a liquid.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by a method in which an electric field is applied to a pair of electrodes in the liquid which has a low injection capacity for charge carriers,
- the particles already dissociated at the start of the method contribute to the measurement result, but also, since integration takes place over a certain period of time, the particles which are dissociated only later under the influence of the electric field.
- the process is preferably carried out until the current flow practically no longer drops. Since generally certain residual flows always remain, it cannot be waited until the flow comes to a complete standstill. If such residual currents are present, their contribution to the current integral must of course be disregarded.
- passivated electrodes can be used.
- Electrodes are understood to be electrodes whose ability to inject electrodes has been greatly reduced by suitable pretreatment.
- the passivation can be achieved with commercially available brass electrodes, for example, in a very simplified manner as follows.
- the pair of electrodes to be passivated is placed in a cell with propylene carbonate (PC) and a field strength of, for example, 10 kV / c is applied to them. After a while, the electrodes are passivated. In the case of brass electrodes and PC, the passivation can be recognized by the brown discoloration of the electrode surfaces. The electrodes passivated in this way can then be used for the method according to the invention.
- PC propylene carbonate
- Another way of reducing the injectability of commercially available untreated (bare) electrodes is to cover them with ion-exchange membranes in the reverse direction.
- the membrane prevents the ion from escaping into the liquid volume.
- a disc is made up of ceramic, so that the fluid between the two plates is ⁇ and the electrodes of the plates can be fixed to the sides facing away from each of the liquid.
- the present method is preferably carried out by applying a field of a few kV / cm. As a result, the method can be carried out in a sufficiently short time and it can be assumed that all particles capable of dissociation are dissociated.
- the number of dissociable particles can be used to predict the cleaning time for the liquid.
- PC propylene carbonate
- Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for performing the method.
- 2 shows a suitable measuring cell for the method.
- 3 shows the course of the current which arises during the method.
- the measuring cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 serves to hold the propylene carbonate 3 to be examined.
- a pair of passivated electrodes 2 is connected to a voltage source 5.
- a current recording device 4 is connected between one of the electrodes and the voltage source.
- the recorder 6 of the current recording device prints out the temporal Stro veriauf. The start of the process is initiated by closing switch 7.
- the electrodes are at a distance of 0.5 cm from one another, for example.
- the applied voltage is between 100 and 1000 volts.
- the resulting field has a strength of 200 to 2000 volts / cm.
- Fig. 2 shows a specific embodiment for a measuring cell. It can be seen that it is a closed measuring cell 2.
- the electrodes 1 contained therein are covered with ion exchange membranes 3. Alternatively, the passivated electrodes indicated in FIG. 1 could of course be used.
- the current curve in FIG. 3 has a kink in the front area. This is a result of two overlapping processes. Initially, the particles that are already in dissociated form mainly contribute to the current flow. At the beginning, this leads to a high current flow I Q , which drops very quickly with a time constant T->. The current flow is thus brought about by the constantly newly disassociated particles. The decrease in this dominant stream proportion occurs
- the course of the current can easily be determined by leveling out the area enclosed by it.
- the present method has proven to be extremely advantageous when working in connection with the cleaning of propylene carbonate while simultaneously producing passivated electrodes.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019930700731A KR930702671A (ko) | 1990-09-10 | 1991-09-05 | 용액중 해리성 입자수의 측정방법 |
| FI931035A FI931035L (fi) | 1990-09-10 | 1991-09-05 | Foerfarande foer bestaemning av antalet dissocierbara partiklar vaetskor |
| NO93930836A NO930836L (no) | 1990-09-10 | 1993-03-08 | Fremgangsmaate til bestemmelse av antall dissosierbare partikler i vaesker |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4028716.5 | 1990-09-10 | ||
| DE4028716A DE4028716A1 (de) | 1990-09-10 | 1990-09-10 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der anzahl dissoziierfaehiger teilchen in fluessigkeiten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992004624A1 true WO1992004624A1 (de) | 1992-03-19 |
Family
ID=6413977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1991/000717 WO1992004624A1 (de) | 1990-09-10 | 1991-09-05 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der anzahl dissoziierfähiger teilchen in flüssigkeiten |
Country Status (9)
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4425347B1 (ja) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-03-03 | 北斗電子工業株式会社 | 液体中の粒子のサイズの検出方法および装置 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2273590A1 (fr) * | 1974-06-05 | 1976-01-02 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede pour la determination en continu de la resistance interne d'une cuve d'electrolyse et appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
| US4009998A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1977-03-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Acid concentration measurement |
| EP0274396A2 (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-07-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Water quality control method, and method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity used in the water quality control |
-
1990
- 1990-09-10 DE DE4028716A patent/DE4028716A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-09-05 CA CA002091347A patent/CA2091347A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-09-05 WO PCT/DE1991/000717 patent/WO1992004624A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-09-05 FI FI931035A patent/FI931035L/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-09-05 JP JP3514573A patent/JPH06501097A/ja active Pending
- 1991-09-05 KR KR1019930700731A patent/KR930702671A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-09-05 EP EP91915871A patent/EP0548133A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1991-09-09 CN CN91108794A patent/CN1059966A/zh active Pending
- 1991-09-25 TW TW080107544A patent/TW240293B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2273590A1 (fr) * | 1974-06-05 | 1976-01-02 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede pour la determination en continu de la resistance interne d'une cuve d'electrolyse et appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
| US4009998A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1977-03-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Acid concentration measurement |
| EP0274396A2 (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-07-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Water quality control method, and method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity used in the water quality control |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0548133A1 (de) | 1993-06-30 |
| TW240293B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1995-02-11 |
| FI931035A7 (fi) | 1993-04-06 |
| CA2091347A1 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
| DE4028716A1 (de) | 1992-03-12 |
| KR930702671A (ko) | 1993-09-09 |
| CN1059966A (zh) | 1992-04-01 |
| FI931035L (fi) | 1993-04-06 |
| FI931035A0 (fi) | 1993-03-09 |
| JPH06501097A (ja) | 1994-01-27 |
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