WO1985005353A1 - Procede et installation pour la fabrication de corps de moules ceramiques tres poreux - Google Patents

Procede et installation pour la fabrication de corps de moules ceramiques tres poreux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1985005353A1
WO1985005353A1 PCT/DE1985/000158 DE8500158W WO8505353A1 WO 1985005353 A1 WO1985005353 A1 WO 1985005353A1 DE 8500158 W DE8500158 W DE 8500158W WO 8505353 A1 WO8505353 A1 WO 8505353A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsule
spaces
combustion chambers
walls
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1985/000158
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sigismund Kienow
Original Assignee
Sigismund Kienow
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19843417851 external-priority patent/DE3417851A1/de
Application filed by Sigismund Kienow filed Critical Sigismund Kienow
Publication of WO1985005353A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985005353A1/fr
Priority to DK606685A priority Critical patent/DK606685A/da
Priority to FI860038A priority patent/FI860038A/fi

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/025—Hot pressing, e.g. of ceramic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/44—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B38/064—Natural expanding materials, e.g. clay
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/02—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge of multiple-chamber type with permanent partitions; Combinations of furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing highly porous, ceramic moldings from plastic clays, shale clays, volcanic ashes or similar natural raw materials for the thermal insulation of buildings and a device for carrying out the method.
  • granules of the same size should be poured into a molding box which has a gas-permeable bottom consisting of grate bars.
  • hot gases were passed through the granules alternately from below and from above until the blowing temperature was reached.
  • the granules are heated directly by the heating gases, for which only a fraction of the time required for heating from the outside via the forklift wall was required.
  • the object of the invention consists in a method of the type mentioned at the beginning and in an apparatus for carrying it out of the process, whereby the highly porous ceramic moldings are to be manufactured with a uniform structure and improved strength.
  • This object is achieved in that the granulated and dried raw materials in capsule spaces sealed off from the outside atmosphere under excess pressure of 2 to. 10 mbar up to exothermic processes occurring above the equilibrium temperature and up to foaming (blowing) by released gases.
  • the fire is preferably carried out at an overpressure of 2 to 4 mbar. The overpressure should be released at the start of foaming.
  • the special design of the gas pressure gives shaped articles with a uniform structure and good strength.
  • the clay begins to soften at approx. 1100 ° C. The pores close. The reaction can continue because the resulting GO gas can push the softening clay aside. New pores arise.
  • the clay is so soft that the CO gas under pressure suddenly foams the clay until it fills the entire interior of the capsule.
  • reaction 2 to 4 can also be assumed accordingly. They differ from reaction 1 in that they have different temperature levels and gas composition.
  • a capsule made of sheet steel with the dimensions 25 x 10 x 12 cm was filled up to a third with dried fine-grained iron oxide and carbon-containing blue tone in a grain size of up to 5 mm in a laboratory test.
  • the capsule was sealed with a sheet steel lid, but was not sealed gas-tight.
  • the capsule with the firing material was placed in an oven heated to the blowing temperature of 1150 ° C.
  • the kiln heated up developed significantly faster than expected and expanded quickly and evenly when the inflation temperature was reached.
  • the CO atmosphere in the capsule during the experiment was demonstrated by the fact that a. Stick of wood stuck during the fire not burned but charred. After the capsule had cooled, it became a shaped body
  • the illite-rich blue shades used as raw material in the process are characterized by their content of iron oxide and organic substance, to which their swelling properties are attributed.
  • a bulking aid can also be added to this raw material. Due to the holding time at the temperature required for foaming in the process in the case of illitic blue shades as the raw material, a highly porous molded body with a more uniform and firmer structure is obtained. This process is promoted by maintaining the pressure in the capsule. The pressure in the capsules rises sharply while the inflation temperature is maintained. According to thermodynamic calculations, e.g. 1200 ° C a pressure of 860 mbar occur. At the same time, there is an extensive reduction of the iron oxide, sometimes reaching as far as metallic iron.
  • the device for the method according to claim 6 of the invention is shown schematically in Figures 1 to 5.
  • the furnace chamber with capsule chambers, combustion chambers and regenerators, 2 shows the furnace chamber according to section AA of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 4 shows a horizontal section through an oven with two capsules
  • Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through a filling device.
  • the capsule spaces 1 are alternately arranged in the furnace system with combustion chambers 10. Both are separated by walls 7, which are made of a material with high thermal conductivity and fire resistance, preferably silicon carbide.
  • the two end faces of the capsule space can be closed by hydraulically operated doors 2.
  • the capsules are fed through tightly closable filler neck 3, which are guided through the furnace roof 5.
  • the pressure regulators 4, shown enlarged in FIG. 3 are embedded in the furnace ceiling, by means of which the gas pressure in the capsule space can be checked and changed. They consist of a tube 12 which is led through the ceiling and which is preferably made of silicon carbide. This pipe directs the escaping gases to a hot wind pipe 13, at the end of which there is a burner 14 in which the gases are flared. However, they can also be fed into the fuel gas line.
  • the tube 12 can be closed by a water-cooled hot wind valve 15, which is driven by the motor 16.
  • the engine is advantageously controlled by a manometer, which measures the gas pressure.
  • Regenerators 8 are provided under the combustion chambers 10, in which the heat of the exhaust gases can be stored and used to heat the combustion air.
  • the lines 6a required for this and for the gas supply are installed in the regenerator ceiling 6 and are indicated schematically in the drawing.
  • the regenerators 8 are separated by walls 9 and built on the thermally insulated foundation 11.
  • the capsules filled with firing material can also be fired in a tunnel kiln.
  • this method is less advantageous because the processes in the capsules cannot be controlled or influenced during the passage through the quencher. • Apart from that, the large capsule park required represents a considerable cost factor.
  • the combustion chambers 10 provided with gas flues are heated until the capsule chamber 1 has reached a temperature of approximately 700 ° C.
  • the firing material should have a grain size in the range of 3 to 15 mm with a possibly small grain fraction below 3 mm. After preheating from 250 to 300 ° C., it is introduced through the nozzle 3 that the capsule space 1 is filled to a third to a half, depending on the desired bulk density of the shaped body. Then continue to heat until the fired material has reached the blowing temperature. During this time, the gas pressure in the capsule chamber should not exceed 10 and preferably 4 mbar.
  • the hot wind valve 15 can be opened in order to produce the greatest possible difference between gas pressure in the closed pores of the material to be burned and that in the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the foam process is accelerated particularly advantageously and a uniformly fine-pored structure of the molded body is achieved.
  • the capsule space 1 can be sprayed out with a mass before the heating, which has such a low surface tension that the material to be burned on you are not liable.
  • the mass consists of a material, optionally based on graphite or boron nitride.
  • the surfaces of the shaped bodies are smoothed in a grinding machine or the shaped bodies are divided into smaller formats in a sawing line.
  • the high internal pressure that arises during the process, in particular when illiterate blue raw material is used, is advantageously achieved by designing the end walls of the capsule as an upwardly movable slide 2 a and as a pressure plate 20, and also by the binder walls 17 supporting the partition walls 7 in the combustion chambers 10 and met by the outer walls 18, 19.
  • the slides 2a can be guided in recesses in the outer walls 19 or rear wall.
  • the outer wall 18 or front wall, through the openings of which the pressure plates 20 are moved with the aid of a linkage 27, is continuous.
  • the walls at the ends of a battery must be made so stable that they are practically not deformed by the pressure created.
  • Insulated feed silos 22 are to be provided above the capsule spaces 1, each of which is fed through the filling opening 25 with a weighed batch of dried and preheated raw materials in the form of pellets.
  • the capsule spaces 1 are filled with the pellets from the loading silos 22 via conical closures 23 in the furnace roof 5 and actuation of the closing device 24.
  • the filling of the capsules with pellets on the one hand and the emptying of the capsules by pushing out the highly porous ceramic molded body on the other hand is expediently carried out economically in each battery containing several capsules.
  • the slide 2a is first extended upwards after the ceramic shaped body has cooled down and the molded body with the pressure plate 20 is then pushed out of the capsule.
  • the capsule spaces combined in batteries are advantageously operated periodically staggered in time.
  • the regenerators shown after the main application under the combustion chambers can be replaced by a central regenerator system for one battery each.
  • the dried and preheated illite-rich blue clay in the form of pellets from the silos which is preheated to 250 to 300 ° G, is initially filled into the capsule spaces 1 of a battery by opening the closures 23 in the furnace roof 5. Then the closing devices 24 are raised and the battery is heated by supplying 750 ° C. of hot air from the regenerator into the combustion chambers 10. With the supply of natural gas and preheated combustion air, the capsules are heated up as quickly as possible within 15 to 20 minutes through the combustion chambers. At the temperature for the foaming of about 1150 ° C, the temperature over a period of e.g. Held for 15 minutes.
  • blowing aids there is, for example, iron oxide with sulfite waste liquor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de fabrication de corps de moules céramiques très poreux à partir d'argiles plastiques gonflables, d'argiles schisteuses, de cendres volcaniques ou de matières brutes naturelles similaires et installation pour réaliser ce procédé. Conformément à la présente invention, les matières brutes granulées et séchées sont amenées dans des chambres capsulaires (1) séparées de l'atmosphère extérieure à une surpression de 2 à 10 mbar jusqu'à des processus exothermes survenant au-dessus de la température d'équilibre et jusqu'au moussage (gonflage) par les gaz libérés.
PCT/DE1985/000158 1984-05-14 1985-05-13 Procede et installation pour la fabrication de corps de moules ceramiques tres poreux WO1985005353A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK606685A DK606685A (da) 1984-05-14 1985-12-30 Fremgangsmaade og apparat til fremstilling af hoejporoese keramiske formlegemer
FI860038A FI860038A (fi) 1984-05-14 1986-01-06 Foerfarande och anordning foer framstaellning av hoegporoesa keramiska formstycken.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3417851.1 1984-05-14
DE19843417851 DE3417851A1 (de) 1984-05-14 1984-05-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von hochporoesen keramischen formkoerpern zur waermedaemmung von gebaeuden
DEP3514141.7 1985-04-19
DE19853514141 DE3514141A1 (de) 1984-05-14 1985-04-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung hochpotoeser keramischer formkoerper

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985005353A1 true WO1985005353A1 (fr) 1985-12-05

Family

ID=25821193

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1985/000158 WO1985005353A1 (fr) 1984-05-14 1985-05-13 Procede et installation pour la fabrication de corps de moules ceramiques tres poreux

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0213135A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4401685A (fr)
DE (1) DE3514141A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI860038A (fr)
NO (1) NO860097L (fr)
WO (1) WO1985005353A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2263868A1 (fr) * 1974-03-13 1975-10-10 Ito Yasuro
US4212635A (en) * 1978-06-07 1980-07-15 North John W Process and apparatus for producing cellulated vitreous refractory material in prescribed shapes and products therefrom
GB2119351A (en) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-16 Inst Bau & Grobkeramik A method for the simultaneous production of combustion gas and argillaceous articles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2263868A1 (fr) * 1974-03-13 1975-10-10 Ito Yasuro
US4212635A (en) * 1978-06-07 1980-07-15 North John W Process and apparatus for producing cellulated vitreous refractory material in prescribed shapes and products therefrom
GB2119351A (en) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-16 Inst Bau & Grobkeramik A method for the simultaneous production of combustion gas and argillaceous articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3514141A1 (de) 1986-10-30
FI860038A0 (fi) 1986-01-06
EP0213135A1 (fr) 1987-03-11
FI860038A (fi) 1986-01-06
NO860097L (no) 1986-01-13
AU4401685A (en) 1985-12-13

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