Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
  • C07H3/04—Disaccharides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors

Definitions

• the invention relates to new disaccharides having, in particular, biological properties, formed from units with structures of glucosamine and uronic acid, respectively.
• 1,4-disaccharides formed from units with a D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid structure.
• - z represents a nitrogen functional group, such as an azide group, or a group of structure -NHB in which B. represents a hydrogen atom or a functional group, such as an acetyl group or a sulphate group, optionally in the form of a salt with an organic or inorganic cation, and, in the latter case, in particular, an alkaline cation,
• - M represents a hydrogen atom or a group -SO 3 M 1 , in which M 1 represents an organic or inorganic cation, and, in the latter case, in particular an alkali metal, or represents an acetyl group;
• - R represents an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular, a methyl or aryl radical, and
• - A represents a functional group such as an acid group, or a derivative of such a group, in particular , a group of structures -C00R-.
• R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular a methyl radical, or a metal, in particular, an alkali metal.
• disaccharides advantageously have the pattern structure constituting heparin chains. They comprise, in fact, on the glucosamine unit a nitrogen group in position 2 and a primary alcohol group advantageously sulfated in position 6, and on the glucuronic acid unit a functional group acid or derived from an acid, in position 6.
• Preferred disaccharides correspond to formula (II)
• M 1 advantageously representing an alkali metal, in particular, sodium.
• the substituent B represents an acetyl group. They are therefore families comprising an N-acetyl D-glucosamine motif.
• Other families of disaccharides of the invention include, as glucosamine units, N-sulfate D-glucosamine.
• B represents a group -SO 3 M 2 in which M 2, identical or different from M 1 , represents a metal, in particular an alkali metal, more especially sodium. Products of these families have identical substituents R 1 and R and representing an alkyl group, in particular a methyl or aryl group.
• these substituents are different and represent respectively an alkali metal, in particular, sodium (R 1 ) and an alkyl radical, in particular methyl (R).
• a product of this more specifically preferred type corresponds to formula (IV):
• the pharmacological study of the disaccharides of the invention has shown that they possess, notably, biological properties enabling them to specifically control certain stages of blood coagulation. These products appear in particular to be endowed with a selective inhibition activity eu. activated factor X or factor Xa of the blood, and this, more particularly with regard to the disaccharides of formula III, more particularly those comprising an N-sulfate D-glucosamine motif. They constitute, in this regard, reference reagents allowing comparative measurements aimed at assessing the relative factor Xa inhibition activity of the substances under study.
• the disaccharide of formula IV has, for example, an anti-Xa activity, measured according to the Yin-Wessler test, of the order of 1000 to 2000 u / g.
• the Yin and Wessler test which makes it possible to measure an activity representative more specifically of the ability of products to potentiate the inhibition of factor Xa of the blood by antithrombin III, or AT III, is described by these authors in J. Lab. Clin, Med. 1976, 81, pp 298 to 300.
• disaccharides can advantageously be used as an active principle of a medicament for the control of blood coagulation in vivo, in humans or animals subjected to risks of hypercoagulability, such as those induced by surgical interventions, processes atheromatous, disturbances in the coagulation mechanisms by bacterial or enzymatic activators, etc., as a consequence of the release into the body of thromboplastins, for example tissue thromboplastin.
• the invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions in which these compounds are associated in an effective amount with a pharmaceutical vehicle.
• compositions in which the pharmaceutical vehicle is suitable relates in particular to the compositions in which the pharmaceutical vehicle is suitable .
• Administration forms of the invention suitable for oral administration can advantageously be gastro-resistant capsules, tablets or tablets, pills, or also presented in the form of liposomes.
• compositions include these disaccharides in combination with excipients suitable for rectal administration.
• Corresponding administration forms are constituted by suppositories.
• the invention also relates to injectable, sterile or sterilizable pharmaceutical compositions.
• this dosage includes, for example, administration to the patient from 50mg to 2g of disaccharide, two or three times a day. These doses can be naturally adjusted for each patient according to the results and blood tests carried out before, the nature of the affections from which he suffers and, in general, his state of health.
• the invention also relates to the application of the disaecharides of the invention, to the constitution of biological reagents, usable in laboratories, in particular as elements of comparison for the study of other substances for which it is desired to test the anticoagulant activity, especially at the level of inhibition of factor Xa.
• the invention also relates to a process for the synthesis of the disaccharides defined above.
• two monosaccharides are used which make it possible, a) by their structure, b) by the nature of their reactive groups, c) by the nature of their blocking groups, to carry out the synthesis strategy according to the invention.
• blocking groups are advantageously in number greater than 1, they make it possible to introduce, after unlocking.
• functional groups as well as specific substituted groups such as existing on the structure of the disaccharides of the invention, they are compatible with the reactive groups, they are capable of undergoing sequential unblocking, compatible with each other and compatible with the substituents introduced at each step.
• a condensation reaction is carried out between these two monosaccharides, in order to establish the desired 1,4 ⁇ bond under conditions compatible with the different substituents of the monosaccharides, then the introduction of the functional groups and of the desired substituents is carried out in successive stages. for a given disaccharide by bringing into play corresponding specific reactions
• the monosaccharides used correspond respectively to formulas V and VI:
• R 2 and R 3 represent two reactive groups authorizing the establishment, selectively, of a 1,4 ⁇ bond, these groups being chosen from those compatible with the other groups of monosaccharides; - Y 1 to Y 5 represent blocking groups allowing, by their nature, to successively introduce the desired functional groups without the remaining blocking groups being affected and
• - D represents a nitrogen group precursor of a nitrogen functional group -NHB as defined above, preferably an azide group;
• - A and R have the meanings given above, A more especially representing a group -COOR 1 with R 1 representing an alkyl radical or any other radical which can be eliminated to give rise to a group -COOM 1 as defined above- above .
• the blocking group Y 3 which occupies a position intended to be sulfated, is constituted by a group making it possible to selectively carry out the sulfation operation without affecting the other groups.
• the blocking group Y 3 which occupies a position intended to be sulfated, is constituted by a group making it possible to selectively carry out the sulfation operation without affecting the other groups.
• Y 3 represents an acetyl group.
• the choice of a type group, more especially of an acetyl group, will also be made, during synthesis, for other positions intended to be sulfated, namely for B in -NHB.
• the blocking groups Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 4 and Y 5 which will be eliminated during synthesis to liberate hydroxyl groups are constituted by benzyl groups.
• the condensation reaction of monosaccharides V and VI is based on the reaction of a halide with an alcohol function.
• a monosaccharide V in which R 2 represents a halide, preferably a bromide, or even a chloride, is then advantageously used with a monosaccharide VI in which R 3 represents a hydroxyl group.
• This reaction is advantageously carried out in a solvent medium, in particular in an organic solvent of the dichloromethane type.
• a catalyst is used, such as silver triflate and also a protone acceptor such as sym-collidine.
• the disaccharide VII is first subjected to a hydrolysis reaction under the action of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, then to the action of 'an alkylating agent in order to maintain as substituent A, a group -COOR 1 .
• the disaccharide obtained which thus has a primary alcohol function -CH 2 OH in position 6 of the D-glucosamine motif, is subjected to the action of a sulfating agent under conditions making it possible to replace the group -CH 2 OF on norition 6 by a sulfate group without affecting the other blocking groups of the molecule as well as the azide group.
• a complex of trimethylamine and SO 3 is used for this purpose.
• the intro duction of the desired cation M 1 can in particular be carried out using an ion exchange resin comprising this cation, or alternatively, after passage in acid form, by neutralization with the base of the cation.
• a disaccharide comprising an N-acetyl D-glucosamine unit is prepared by treating the disaccharide previously obtained with an acetylating agent, in particular acetic anhydride. It is advantageously carried out in a weakly basic medium, at a pH of the order of 8 under conditions which do not affect the other substituents of the disaccharide.
• a disaccharide comprising an N-sulfate D-glucosamine unit is prepared by treating the disaccharide obtained after the hydrogenation step with a sulfating agent.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 represent the entire reaction scheme corresponding to the syntheses described in the examples.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 are identified by numerical references in parentheses, which are also used in the examples to designate them.
• a pure white foam is obtained (0.84 g; 87.7%) which is immediately oxidized according to the method of Kovac P., Alfôldi J., Kosik M. described in Chem. Zvesti 28 (1974 820-832.
• 480 mg (immol) of the product are dissolved in 8 ml of acetone and a solution of chromium VI oxide in chromium oxide is added at 0 ° C. to the cooled solution, with stirring.
• 3.5 M sulfuric acid (1.15 ml of the chromium solution contains 1.17 g in 5 ml) The mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature, then after two hours ice and ice are added. water and the product is extracted with chloroform.
• the chloroform phase is washed with water and the dried solvent is evaporated.
• the foam obtained is dissolved in methanol (10 mg / ml) and sodium hydroxide (5 ml d (3M solution). After three hours, the aqueous phase is washed twice with ether and then acidified with hydrochloric acid. The product is then extracted with ether. The organic phase is washed with water, it is dried and concentrated.
• This disaccharide (3) is carried out from the monosaccharides (1) and (2) by operating as follows.
• the reaction is carried out at O'C under nitrogen and protected from light.
• the disaccharide (3) is thus obtained (60.2 mg; 74%).
• a saponification of the group -OAC in position 6 at the D-glucosamine motif is carried out, then in step b) the sulfation of the group -OH in position 6 is carried out, and during a step c) hydrogenation, the blocking Bn groups are eliminated and the group -N 3 is simultaneously transformed into the group -NH 2 .
• the product is then desalted by passage over a column of Sephadex G-25 (1.8 ⁇ 20 cm).
• the fractions containing the product are combined and chromatographed on an anion exchange resin (AG 1 ⁇ 2,200-400 mesh; 1 ml bed).
• the products are eluted using a sodium chloride gradient (0 ⁇ 3M).
• m 3.4 mg.
• the structure of compound (8) is confirmed by assaying uronic acid, glucosamine and sulfates and by its NMR spectrum (see FIG. 3) (The meanings of the symbols used in this figure are as follows.
• G denotes the signal anomeric carbon in 1 of uronic acid and Aa-1 that of N-acetyl glucosamine; Aa-6 that of the O-sulfate group in position 6 of the sulfated glucosamine; A-a2 that of the carbon in position 2 of the motif glucosamine; OMe, that of the methylglucoside group and MeOH, that of methanol serving as internal standard).
• Its UV spectrum has a maximum absorption at 205 nip.
• the disaccharide (6) is first subjected to a sulfation reaction to transform the group -NH 2 into the group -NHSO 3 Na, then to a desaponification reaction of the group -COOMe as indicated above.
• the product (6) (14mg) is dissolved in water (5ml). The pH is brought to and maintained at 9.5 using the addition, automatically controlled, of 0.1N sodium hydroxide. Trimethylamine / SO 3 complex (20 mg) is added. After one night, a new addition of complex (3 ⁇ mg) is carried out. After 24 hours, IN sodium hydroxide solution (1 ml) is added and left for 1 hour at room temperature. After passing through cation exchange resin (Dowex 50 WH + ), then neutralization with sodium hydroxide, the compound (10) is purified as described for the compound (8) (desalting, ion exchange, desalting). 2.9 mg of the product are thus obtained (10).
• product 10 is confirmed by assaying uronic acid, glucosamine and sulfates as well as by its NMR spectrum (see FIG. 4).
• G, OMe, MeOH have the meanings used for FIG. 3
• As-1 represents the signal of the anomeric carbon in position 1 of the N-sulfated glucosamine
• As-6 that of the carbon in position 6 of the sulfated glucosamine
• As-2 that of the anomeric carbon of the N-sulfated glucosamine in position 2.

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• 1981
  • 1981-04-28 FR FR8108472A patent/FR2504535B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1982
  • 1982-04-28 ES ES512381A patent/ES8303444A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1982-04-28 AU AU83955/82A patent/AU558472B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1982-04-28 WO PCT/FR1982/000076 patent/WO1982003863A1/en unknown
  • 1982-04-28 AT AT82400770T patent/ATE20894T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-04-28 EP EP82400770A patent/EP0064012B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1982-04-28 CA CA000401832A patent/CA1263381A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1982-04-28 JP JP57501461A patent/JPS58500564A/ja active Granted
  • 1982-04-28 DE DE8282400770T patent/DE3272110D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-12-20 US US06/451,615 patent/US4607025A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1982-12-27 SU SU823528900A patent/SU1470196A3/ru active
• 1986
  • 1986-07-21 US US06/888,527 patent/US4774231A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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