Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G7/00—Botany in general
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S47/00—Plant husbandry
  • Y10S47/11—The application of protective coatings to plants

Definitions

• This invention relates to the treatment of plants and compositions for such treatment.
• a large number of leguminous plants such as oilseed rape, peas and beans, are grovn principally for their seed. These seeds are formed in pods vhich, on ripening, split along their longitudinal axes. As a result, the seeds fall onto the ground. Where such crops are mechanically harvested, the problem of seed lost by premature pod splitting can he a serious economic problem. Oilseed rape, vhich is invariably harvested mechanically, has a strongly marked tendency for its pods to split either just before or during harvesting.
• the loss of seed through premature release or scattering is controlled by the treatment of the crop plant, after seed body formation, with a coating or layering substance that will prevent the detachment of the seed or seed body or will control the splitting of pods or seed-bearing bodies.
• the treatment is usually carried out not more than fifteen days before the crop is ready for harvesting, which distinguishes the treatment of this invention from that in prior Applications Numher PCT/GB 80/000l6, European 8032353.0 and UK 8022640, in which coating agents are usually applied at least fifteen days before harvest.
• Substances that may be used for this purpose must not affect the subsequent germination of seeds that are destined to be planted.
• a group of pinolene products based on di-l-p-menthene under a variety of trade names including Miller Aide, Miller Gard, Nu-Film P, Nu-Film 17 and Vapor Gard. These products, which contain di-l-p-menthene and certain of its polymers further polymerize to form a film, and such further polymerization may take place or even he induced before application.
• Other mono terpenes of formula C 10 H 16 which correspond to tvo isoprene units, can also be used.
• Pinolenes are naturally occurring substances and are both expensive and in short supply in relation to possible agricultural needs. It is therefore useful to extend them by using them in combination with other coating agents. Such compounds or mixtures of coating agents (which may be polymerized before application) can shov properties unlike those of their individual components.
• the mixtures contain from 2 to 10 coating agents, one or more of which is preferably a pinolene compound although mixtures without such compounds may be used.
• Bicyclic and tricyclic monoterpenes and their derivatives e.g. oxygenated derivatives
• oxygenated derivatives such as ⁇ and ⁇ pinene, d-camphor, d-borneol, d-tanacetone, ⁇ -thujone, d- . carene
• Terpene resins compact vith or vithout natural or synthetic rubbers
• Non-oxidizing e.g. those of the castor oil, coconut oil, hydrogenated castor oil, lauric acid, oil-free, saturated acid and synthetic fatty acid types
• Alkyd Resins Oxidizing - e.g. acrylic-resin-modified, dehydrated castor oil types, epoxide-resin-modified, isophthalicacid-based types, linoleic-rich oil type, linseed oil types, linseed oil/dehydrated castor oil types, linseed oil/soya bean oil types, linseed oil/tung oil types, maleic-resin-modified, marine oil types, phenolic-resin-modified, rosin-modified, safflover seed oil types, silicone-resin-raodified, soya bean oil types, soya bean oil/tung oil types, styrenated types, sunfloverseed oil types, tall oil types, tobaccoseed oil types, unmodified types, vinyltoluene-modified and vater-soluble types
• Styrene polymers and copolymers e.g. polystyrene and styrene/maleic anhydride and butadiene/styrene copolymer resins
• Epoxy resins e.g. dehydrated castor oil types, linseed oil types, linseed oil/rosin types, phenolic-resin-modified, soya bean oil types, styrenated types, vinyltoluene-modified, unmodified types, epikote 828 and epikote 1001
• Maleic resins 28 Melamine resins - e.g. butylated types, hexamethoxy- methyl types and formaldehyde condensates
• Metallic rosinates e.g. calcium or zinc, resinates, zinc/calcium mixtures both rosin or modified rosin
• Phenolic resins and modified phenolic resins e.g. phenol/aldehyde resole condensates adducted to rosin or modified rosin, as veil as phenol/formaldehyde resins
• Polyester resins e.g. polyacrylate and polymeth- aciylate ester resins
• Polysulphide resins 58 Polyurethane resins - e.g. modified types and oilmodified types
• Polyether resins e.g. polyvinyl ether resins
• Rosin derivatives e.g. esters of rosin, copal, rosin acids or rosin modified by hydrogenation, polymerization, isomerization or disproportionation vith glycerol, pentaerytbritol or other polyhydric alcohols
• Maleic/fumaric condensate resins e.g. maleic or fumaric acid/anhydride adducts on rosin or modified rosins, their esters with glycerol, pentaerythritol or other polyhydric alcohols
• Urea resins e.g. urea-formaldehyde
• Acrylic polymers and copolymers e.g. polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethyl aerylate/butyl acrylate)
• Cellulose ethers e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
• Natural drying oils e.g. linseed oil and tung oil and mixtures of them.
• Such substances may be used at rates of from one fluid ounce to ten pints per acre (70 to 14000 ml per hectare) applied in three to one hundred gallons of vater per acre (33.7 to 1120 litres per hectare) of crop. It can be useful to include in the spray preparation a surfactant or vetting agent.
• surfactants include but are not limited to:-
• the coating or layering substance for checking seed loss hereinbefore described may conveniently be applied mixed with a chemical desiccant, which is a substance that promotes the drying out of the plant to facilitate harvest and/or produces the harvested yield in better condition for storage.
• desiccants include but are not limited to the bipyridilium herbicide diquat (sold under the trade mark Reglone by ICI Ltd) and dinoseb. Diquat has been found especially useful to facilitate the harvesting or oilseed rape and is videly used for this purpose.
• the use of the coating or layering substance hereinbefore described for preventing seed loss can result in an increase in the harvested seed yield of oilseed rape while the treatment of this crop with diquat can also result in an increase in the harvested seed yield.
• These two yield-improving factors act in different ways and, when used together, e.g. when applied either in tank mixtures or separately within seven days of one another, can give an increase in a harvested seed yield that is greater than the sum of the effect of each additive singly.
• the use of the layering or coating substance hereinbefore described for controlling seed loss can enable a lower rate of desiccant to be applied to an oilseed rape crop or other suitable crop. Because pod splitting is checked the process of desiccation is less demanding, and amounts of desiccant can be reduced by some 30% over what would normally be. recommended.
• weeds in a ripening crop tiat check ripening or interfere with harvesting must be controlled shortly before harvesting.
• An example of this is the control of sterile brome grass in a cereal crop.
• Applying a herbicide in conjunction with a composition in accordance with the present invention can be used to con trol such weeds, either by destroying the herbage or by destroying or preventing production of weed seeds.
• the crop may be treated with a herbicide, for example glyphosate, that would kill or seriously damage a green (living) crop such as wheat or barley.
• the activity of the herbicide on the weed may be enhanced, while by checking or delaying the entry of the herbicide into the crop the specificity or crop safety of the herbicide is improved.
• the crop With each additional day of ripening, the crop becomes less susceptible to damage by a herbicide while, since less herbicide is taken into the riper crop, there is a reduction with time in the tendency of the crop to accumulate undesirable residues of the pesticide that could result in the crop being less suitable for human or for animal consumption and its value for seed or malting being reduced since the presence of herbicide in the grain can reduce or slow down germination.
• a coating agent in accordance with the present invention can make it possible to feed the grain to livestock without further processing and can enhance its value for seed or malting. Delaying the penetration of the herbicide while the crop is ripening before the weed is therefore a desirable objective.
• a further value in the use of the coating agent during the ripening period is that, since the loss of seed may be checked, it becomes possible to leave the harvest in the field for a somewhat longer ripening period and thus reduce drying costs.
• the tendency of the crop ripening process to be impeded by the coating agent can usefully be overcome by the inclusion of a wetting (surfactant) agent such as 'Agral' (alkylphenol ethylene oxide condensate).
• a wetting agent such as 'Agral' (alkylphenol ethylene oxide condensate).
• 'Agral' alkylphenol ethylene oxide condensate
• the coating agent used in accordance with the present invention can be used alone or in conjunction with a fungicide to prevent the development of fungal organisms on the pod or seedbearing body (such as the ear of a cereal plant) and/or the penetration of micro-organisms into the pod to cause loss of yield and/or quality as in the case of "staining" of peas.
• a fungicide to prevent the development of fungal organisms on the pod or seedbearing body (such as the ear of a cereal plant) and/or the penetration of micro-organisms into the pod to cause loss of yield and/or quality as in the case of "staining" of peas.
• the control of ear disease in cereals, especially during the ripening process, at which time they are particularly susceptible to cladosporium (sooty mould) disease may be controlled.
• the coating agent may also serve as a physical barrier to the establishment of the fungal organism on the pod or seed-bearing body or seed including the sealing of a pod or seed-bearing structure against the penetration of micro-organisms.
• an insecticide may be incorporated with the coating agent to control pre-harvest insect pests such as cereal aphids and midges.
• the coating agent by forming a water-repellent layer over the pod or other, reproductive body, serves to speed its drying and hence to check micro-organism development, which requires moisture in which to flourish.
• the coating agent may also be used to bind the fungicide and/or insecticide to the grain of cereal plants before harvesting to preserve them from post-harvest fungal and/or insect attack. This may encompass the use of such agricultural pesticides in a seed crop such that fungal and/or insect attack on the seed folloving planting is reduced.
• fungicides and insecticides that may be used either by incorporation with the coating agent or by use in tank mixture with the coating agent include, but are not limited to, the folloving:- benomyl ethirimol
• Herbicides or desiccants may additionally be included in combination with the fungicide and/or insecticide.
• a further advantage of a water-repellent coating layer over a pod or seed—bearing body such as a cereal ear is the control or sprouting or premature seed germination. This can he a particular problem in both oilseed rape and cereals. In the case of barley, biochemical changes produced in response to germination (and hence water imbibition by the seed during or after ripening) will lover the malting quality or even render the grain unsuitable for this purpose and hence of lower value.
• the polymeric coating agents can also prevent re-absorption of moisture after harvest (although not impeding the ripening process).
• the coating agent may be used to prevent the penetration of an agricultural chemical with which it is applied, for example diquat or paraquat desiccants, through the seed coat of plants such as oilseed rape and soya.
• an agricultural chemical for example diquat or paraquat desiccants
• an applied agricultural chemical be contained on this and not penetrate it and thereby increase the residues or levels of undesirable agricultural chemicals within the seed or other edible portion of the crop.
• the coating agent may also be used in combination with a bird repellent. This can be of particular importance in sunflover.
• the coating agent with or without a further agricultural chemical or chemicals, may be used for treating other larger reproductive/storage bodies, such as the ear of maize, which may be treated by dipping or spraying post harvest.
• the following experimental data show the effect of various coating agents in the control of pod shatter in oilseed rape.
• the agent was applied at the time when the pods were turning yellow and pliable, which is also the recommended time for applying the desiccant diquat.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
• Ecology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27516396

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (16)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (32)

• 1980
  • 1980-10-06 JP JP55502222A patent/JPS6355481B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1980-10-06 CA CA000361966A patent/CA1148762A/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-10-06 BR BR8008872A patent/BR8008872A/pt unknown
  • 1980-10-06 US US06/270,516 patent/US4447984A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1980-10-06 EP EP80303512A patent/EP0027344B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-10-06 DE DE8080303512T patent/DE3066706D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-10-06 WO PCT/GB1980/000155 patent/WO1981000955A1/en unknown
  • 1980-10-10 IL IL61243A patent/IL61243A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1980-10-13 MX MX809094U patent/MX7508E/es unknown
  • 1980-10-13 MA MA19176A patent/MA18976A1/fr unknown
• 1981
  • 1981-06-02 NO NO811854A patent/NO153242C/no unknown
  • 1981-06-12 DK DK257081A patent/DK162871C/da not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (4)

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