Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
  • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
  • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
  • G01N1/24—Suction devices
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
  • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
  • G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for the extraction of
• Dust from minerals It is used in particular for the rapid generation of dust samples for the rapid analysis of minerals during prospection, when deposits are being explored and evaluated, and during the mining of minerals, for the purpose of quality control, monitoring and control of the mining process.
• above-ground mineral samples are collected by prospectors based on geological, mineralogical and other indicators. Mineral chunks for this are separated from the solid rock or larger chunks with a simple tool. The ore chunks are analyzed morphologically and subjected to a chemical element analysis. Drill samples or cores are taken for prospecting underground deposits. The regrind that is produced during drilling and is transported out of the borehole with washing-up liquid is also supplied for analysis purposes. In both cases, larger amounts are up to one gen kg of starting material required, which is ground, dried and homogenized if necessary. A small representative fraction of this is used for the analysis.
• the samples are taken from the mineral transport stream at various points, starting from the point of demolition. Reliable representative sampling is important for quality monitoring. This means that as a starting quantity a large mass of substance of a few hundred kilograms must be drawn per analysis, which is taken from the conveyor belt, from a truck load or stockpile. This starting amount is optionally processed in several stages in separate fractions, e.g. dried, crushed, etc. In the end there is also a small amount of a few grams of substance compared to the starting amount, which is fed to the analysis.
• Element analysis is e.g. carried out by wet chemical means or with the aid of X-ray fluorescence.
• the sample substance is dissolved in strong acids and then subjected to quantitative test methods which are adapted to the elemental proportions of the mineral of interest.
• sample material is pressed into tablets and fed to an automated analysis device.
• the sample can be analyzed for elements with atomic numbers above 10 with a certain detection limit specific to the element.
• the object of the present invention is to develop a device with which representative sample material can be obtained within a very short time.
• the sample should have small particle sizes and be suitable for direct analysis. It has now been shown that this object can be achieved in a technically progressive manner if the device consists of an excitation part for mechanical ultrasonic vibrations and a chisel coupled to it, and that a suction device is provided for collecting the dust generated.
• the advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are explained in subclaims 2 to 8.
• the ultrasound excitation part supplies the energy to excite the chisel to high-frequency mechanical vibrations. Piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducers can be used for this.
• the chisel is coupled to the excitation part and vibrates at the tip with maximum amplitude.
• the chisel tip has such a shape that the generation of dust is favored and that the greatest possible amount of dust is accessible to the suction device.
• the chisel tip can be dome-shaped, conical or beveled. If necessary, the chisel can also perform rotary movements.
• the material from which the chisel is made must have good fatigue strength and low internal losses. Various metals, in particular titanium alloys, are suitable for this.
• the chisel tip can. additionally be protected against abrasion. This can be done by applying a special material, such as metal-ceramic materials, by storing e.g. ceramic abrasive particles or by surface treatment such as Nitriding or carburizing.
• the chisel can also consist entirely of a homogeneous, abrasion-resistant, powder-metallurgical sintered material.
• the suction device consists of the suction head, the suction line and the dust collecting part.
• the suction nozzle can be brought close to the chisel tip without touching it. It can also envelop the chisel tip concentrically.
• the chisel tip may also include a bore for suction nozzle forms.
• the dust collecting part usually represents a filter head for membrane filters. However, an impactor can also be used in the suction line to collect the dust generated.
• a pump and control unit is used to regulate the announced air volume.
• FIG. 1a-c three possible embodiments of the device according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows the chisel according to the invention with separate
• Figure 4 is a schematic sketch of the device according to the invention.
• the device according to the invention consists of an excitation part 1, a chisel 2 and a suction device with a suction line 3.
• the cross section of the chisel is reduced compared to the cross section of the excitation system.
• the device is mechanically fixed in the ⁇ / 4 node level by a node holder 4.
• the suction device consists of the suction nozzle 5, the suction line 3 and the dust collecting part.
• the latter unit is not shown in the drawings. Neither is the pump and control unit for regulating the amount of air drawn through.
• the suction nozzle 5 or part of the suction line can be formed by an axial bore through the chisel 2, as is shown schematically in FIGS. 1a and 1b.
• the bore, which forms part of the suction line 3 also leads through the excitation system 1.
• the part 6 of the suction line which forms the connection point with the excitation system 1 would have to be made of an elastic material in order not to impair the vibrations of the excitation system.
• the sucked material is not guided centrally through the excitation system but radially to a common exit in the region of the vibration node.
• the suction nozzle 5 concentrically envelops the chisel tip 2.
• the suction line can be guided both in the radial and in the axial direction.
• the dust generated is passed through the suction line to a dust collecting part.
• the dust collecting part consists either of a filter head or an impactor for larger amounts of dust. This type of collection of sample material also enables continuous sampling.
• FIGS. 2a to 2g Several shapes for the chisel tip are shown in FIGS. 2a to 2g. Other options are also conceivable. In the embodiments in FIGS. 2a, 2c and 2e, the dust is sucked off concentrically around the tip of the chisel, while in FIGS. 2b, 2d, 2f and 2g the suction is carried out through the tip of the chisel.
• the dust can also be suctioned off directly next to the chisel tip, as shown in FIG. 3.
• the suction line is brought close to the chisel tip 2 at an angle of inclination without touching it.
• the filter head 6 can also be located close to the suction nozzle.
• This version has the advantage that practically no cleaning of the suction line from dust deposits is required. It is clear from the schematic diagram of an embodiment according to the invention shown in FIG. 4 that the device essentially comprises two units, namely the hand-held device 8 and the portable unit 9.
• the hand-held device 8 consists of the excitation part 1, the ultrasound coupler 10 and the
• the portable unit 9 contains a control unit 11 with a battery 12 or mains connection 13, a suction pump 14 and the suction line 3.
• the filter sample 15 is collected by the filter head 7.
• dust of very fine particle size is generated from the surface of mineral lumps or solid rock.
• the particle size is very efficiently in the range of a few to about 100 ⁇ m in diameter.
• the dust composition is identical to that of the mineral at the point where the ultrasonic chisel touches the surface.
• the ultrasonic chisel can be placed one after the other at the desired locations.
• parallel individual devices are attached to a common holder.
• the spatially limited dust cloud generated around the chisel tip is extracted into the dust collecting part. In this way, dust generation and collection of dry and moist mineral is possible.
• the dust samples can also be brought into a form by suction on membrane filters, in which they can be sent directly to an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDX).
• EDX energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis
• sample production is possible within a very short time, for example 10 s.
• a large number of samples can be obtained per unit of time.
• the sample material is crushed directly at the tip of the chisel to very small particle sizes of approx. 10 to 100 ⁇ m. If necessary or appropriate, a fraction of the sample material is obtained, for example to facilitate the subsequent analysis. This can be achieved with the help of a filter or an impactor insert in the suction line.
• the collected samples reflect the elemental composition of the mineral at the point at which the chisel was attached. Contamination from the surrounding material is excluded.
• the device according to the invention for producing and collecting dust from minerals can be designed as a battery-powered portable unit. In this way, a prospection of remote deposits is convenient. kind possible. Samples in the form of homogeneous dust filter samples can thus be e.g. be analyzed in a mobile EDX field device.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (3)

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Citations (6)

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• 1979
  • 1979-02-26 DE DE19792907514 patent/DE2907514A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1980
  • 1980-02-22 AT AT80900490T patent/ATE3468T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1980-02-22 US US06/212,729 patent/US4558752A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1980-02-22 JP JP55500621A patent/JPH0239730B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1980-02-22 DE DE8080900490T patent/DE3063236D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-22 WO PCT/EP1980/000011 patent/WO1980001838A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1980-02-25 CA CA000346337A patent/CA1148765A/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-26 AU AU55887/80A patent/AU528045B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1980-09-10 EP EP80900490A patent/EP0024419B1/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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