USRE40330E1 - Optical recording medium, reproducing system, method of reproducing optical disk, method of fabricating optical disk original record, and method of stopping illegal program operation - Google Patents

Optical recording medium, reproducing system, method of reproducing optical disk, method of fabricating optical disk original record, and method of stopping illegal program operation Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE40330E1
USRE40330E1 US09/664,434 US66443494A USRE40330E US RE40330 E1 USRE40330 E1 US RE40330E1 US 66443494 A US66443494 A US 66443494A US RE40330 E USRE40330 E US RE40330E
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United States
Prior art keywords
signal
optical disk
recorded
recording
offset
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US09/664,434
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English (en)
Inventor
Fumiaki Ueno
Mitsuaki Oshima
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to US09/664,434 priority Critical patent/USRE40330E1/en
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Publication of USRE40330E1 publication Critical patent/USRE40330E1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
    • G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
    • G11B27/32—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
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    • G11B27/329—Table of contents on a disc [VTOC]
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    • G11B7/007—Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks, actual track shape, e.g. wobbled, or cross-section, e.g. v-shaped; Sequential information structures, e.g. sectoring or header formats within a track
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    • G06F21/78—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure storage of data
    • G06F21/80—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure storage of data in storage media based on magnetic or optical technology, e.g. disks with sectors
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    • G11B20/00485—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier characterised by a specific kind of data which is encrypted and recorded on and/or reproduced from the record carrier
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    • G11B20/00594—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving measures which change the format of the recording medium said format change concerning the physical format of the recording medium wherein the shape of recording marks is altered, e.g. the depth, width, or length of pits
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    • G11B23/28—Indicating or preventing prior or unauthorised use, e.g. cassettes with sealing or locking means, write-protect devices for discs
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    • G11B7/004—Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
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    • G11B7/007—Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks, actual track shape, e.g. wobbled, or cross-section, e.g. v-shaped; Sequential information structures, e.g. sectoring or header formats within a track
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    • G11B7/007—Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks, actual track shape, e.g. wobbled, or cross-section, e.g. v-shaped; Sequential information structures, e.g. sectoring or header formats within a track
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    • G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
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    • G11B7/28—Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one optical record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/21—Circular sheet or circular blank

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to prevention of duplication of a recording medium, and more particularly to an optical disk with a duplication preventing function, a method of fabricating such an optical disk, a method of reproducing an optical disk, a reproducing system, a method of fabricating an optical disk original record, and a method stopping an illegal program operation.
  • Optical disks succeeds manufacturing of the original record, master, mother and stamper, and optical disks are duplicated and mass-produced from the stamper in accordance with the injection molding technique.
  • the stamper can sometimes be manufactured directly from the original record.
  • a photoresist is applied onto a glass-made surface-grinded substrate and photosensitized with a laser beam intensity-modulated in accordance with an information signal being recorded before being developed so as to form an irregular configuration comprising signals and/or grooves corresponding to the photosensitivities.
  • signals and grooves will hereinafter be referred generally to as signals pits.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a conventional recording system for an original record, where a laser optical system for focusing control and a beam expander in a recording laser optical system are omitted from the illustration.
  • the whole of the original recording recording system is designated at 61 A where numeral 1 represents a recording laser, 2 denotes an optical modulator, 3 depicts a mirror, 4 indicates a lens actuator, 5 stands for a glass plate onto which a photoresist is applied, 6 represents a spindle motor, 7 denotes a signal source, and 8 depicts a recording equalizer.
  • a signal generated from the signal source 7 is subjected to change of its pulse duration (width) by a constant quantity in the recording equalizer 8 , before being inputted into the optical modulator 2 to be used to intensity-modulate the laser light emitted from the recording laser 1 .
  • the intensity-modulated laser light passes through the mirror 3 and further through a lens, focusing-controlled by the lens actuator 4 , before exposing the photoresist on the glass plate 5 .
  • an optical disk reproducing system focuses a semiconductor laser beam on a signal surface of an optical disk and then converts the intensity of the reflected light from the signal surface into an electrical signal (which is called an RF signal) by means of a photodiode or the like of an optical pickup device, which signal is waveform-shaped to be demodulated to a digital signal which in turn, is subjected to a digital signal processing, thus reproducing the original signal.
  • an electrical signal which is called an RF signal
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a prior optical disk reproducing system 47 A.
  • numeral 9 represents an optical disk
  • 10 designates an optical pickup
  • 11 denotes a spindle motor
  • 12 A indicates an analog waveform shaping section
  • 13 stands for a digital demodulating section
  • 14 represents a digital signal processing section
  • 15 designates a control section
  • 16 denotes a focus servo section
  • 17 depicts a tracking servo section
  • 18 indicates a rotational servo section.
  • numeral 20 A stands for a control section for controlling the entire reproducing operation and for issuing a display signal to a display section 41 .
  • a signal immediately before demodulation of the digital signal i.e., an RF signal
  • has eye patterns one example of which is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the difference (which is called asymmetry) may occur more or less between the center of the eye pattern and the center of the amplitude thereof, while, even if the difference therebetween takes place to some extent, the slice level Vs is corrected by an automatic correcting slice circuit 31 at the time of the demodulation to a digital signal so that the central voltage Vs of the eye pattern is automatically detected as indicated in the waveform ( 9 ) of FIG. 3 before slicing it.
  • a description will be made hereinafter in terms of the center of the eye pattern.
  • the correction of the duty ratio of a signal to be recorded on an original record is made in manufacturing the original record. This is referred to as the recording equalizing.
  • the optimal recording equalizing quantity depends upon the recording power, developing conditions at pit transfer, reproducing conditions and others.
  • a duplication preventing flag is recorded as a logical duplication inhibiting signal. Accordingly, in the case of the optical disk containing the duplication preventing flag signal, the duplication preventing flag signal is detected in recording of its reproduced signal, thereby preventing the reproduced signal from being recorded by a recording system.
  • a reproducing system for ROM disks such as CDs has no function to inhibit the prevention of reproduction from an illegally duplicated medium.
  • Optical disk media writable once and readable by an ordinary reproducing system have heretofore been put on the market.
  • an optical disk for achieving the foregoing object, provided in an optical disk is an area in which a signal having the center of an eye pattern deviated from the center of the amplitude of the eye pattern is recorded after a signal with a given pattern, and further added to a reproducing system are a function to change the threshold value in demodulating an RF signal into a digital signal after detection of a signal with a constant pattern and a function to stop the reproducing operation except for the reproduction of a signal whose eye pattern has a center deviated from the center of its amplitude.
  • a description about the eye pattern center and the amplitude center will be made hereinafter.
  • a digital signal reproduced from an area containing a recorded signal, the center of an eye pattern of which is deviated from the center of the amplitude, by a reproducing system and demodulated into a digital signal is a normal signal, and if the demodulated signal is recorded on a recordable optical disk medium, when the recorded signal is reproduced, there results in the center of the eye pattern being substantially coincident with the center of the amplitude. Accordingly, if the reproducing system changes the threshold value and makes a reproduction in demodulating the RF signal into the digital signal, the signal is not reproduced as a normal signal so as to stop the reproducing operation. This makes the reproduction of the disk difficult and prevents the illegal duplication.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of an optical disk reproducing system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2a-2i are illustrations of one example of common eye patterns with no offset in an optical disk
  • FIGS. 3a-3i are illustrations of one example of eye patterns with a given offset in an optical disk
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the variation of asymmetry due to the recording power and recording equalizing quantity in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing one arrangement of a recording system for an optical disk original record in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of a conventional recording system for an optical disk original record
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of a conventional optical disk reproducing system
  • FIGS. 8A to 8 D are illustrations for explanation of a recorded signal on an optical disk being an optical recording medium according to the first embodiment of this invention.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate the first half and the latter half of a flow chart of a duplicated disk operation preventing program in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is an illustration for explanation of four recording ways for CP signal arrangement information in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a disk check flowchart using a cipher in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 12 shows waveforms of offset voltages in the first embodiment which take place when the pulse duration and laser power vary
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are partial block diagrams showing an original record fabricating apparatus (mastering apparatus) and a reproducing system (recording and reproducing system) in the first embodiment;
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate the first half and latter half of a process by a one-piece original record two-division recording system in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing an application software containing a copy preventing program in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 16A shows the principle of duplication prevention in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 16B illustrates the principle of duplication prevention in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a coordinate arrangement of addresses measured in each CD original record in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 18 shows waveforms, FIG. 18 (a) showing a waveform in a re-arrangement detecting method of an offset signal by time division in the first embodiment, FIG. 18 (b) illustrating a waveform in a rearrangement information method of an offset signal by time division in the first embodiment, FIG. 18 (c) showing a waveform in a rearrangement information method of an offset signal by time division in the first embodiment, and FIG. 18 (d) illustrating a waveform in a rearrangement information method of an offset signal by time division in the first embodiment;
  • FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate the first and second halves of a flow chart for recording an offset CP signal in an original record in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of an optical disk reproducing system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 21A and 21B show the first and second halves of a flow chart of a duplicated disk operation preventing program in the second embodiment.
  • a special copy protection signal different from the ordinal signal is mixed into a recording signal in manufacturing an original record for optical ROM disk such as CDs being optical recording media, thereby fabricating a special original record which can prevent the duplication.
  • This special copy protection signal is expressed as a CP signal. As shown in FIG.
  • an area for recording CP signals 24 ( 24 a to 24 g) after an offset CP signal arrangement information signal 25 (which is also referred to as CP signal arrangement information) with a specific pattern, the CP signals being made such that the duty ratio is shifted from the standard value (generally 50%) so that the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude by a given quantity.
  • the center of the eye pattern means a portion corresponding to the optimal slice level (threshold value) in an analog waveform block when being reproduced in a reproducing system.
  • the center of the amplitude means the center of the eye pattern in the amplitude direction which is measured geometrically.
  • CP signal preceding signals 26 26 a to 26 g
  • CP signal proceeding signals 26 26 a to 26 g
  • These specific pattern CP signal proceeding signals 26 are clearly indicative of the fact that the recording area of the CP signals the center of the eye pattern of which is shifted by a given offset amount from the center of the amplitude is present afterwards in order of time in the reproduction.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 only one of the both is possible to use.
  • the second embodiment FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 A and FIG. 21B
  • FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 A and FIG. 21B will be described hereinafter which checks the presence or absence of the CP signal using only the CP signal arrangement information 25
  • the modes using only the CP signal arrangement information 25 in the first and second embodiments are different from each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an optical disk reproducing system according to the first embodiment of this invention.
  • included therein is means whereby one or both of he CP signal preceding signals 26 a to 26 g and CP signal arrangement information 25 having a specific pattern as shown in FIG.
  • reference numeral 47 represents the whole of the reproducing system
  • numeral 9 designates an optical disk
  • numeral 10 indicates an optical pickup
  • numeral 11 denotes a spindle motor
  • numeral 12 depicts an analog waveform shaping section
  • numeral 14 indicates a digital signal processing section
  • numeral 16 stands for a focus servo section
  • numeral 17 is indicative of a tracking servo section
  • numeral 18 is representative of a rotational servo section
  • numeral 19 represents a digital demodulating section where the threshold value to be taken in demodulating the RF signal into the digital signal is changeable
  • numeral 20 designates a control section for controlling such that the aforesaid threshold is changed beforehand by the offset amount VsR when the CP signal arrangement information 25 having a specific pattern or the CP signal preceding signals 26 a to 26 g are detected at reproduction.
  • the optical disk 9 is rotatable with the spindle motor 11 , and the optical pickup 10 focuses a laser beam from a semiconductor laser on a signal recorded surface of the optical disk 9 and receives the reflected light from the signal surface to convert the intensity of the reflected light into an electrical signal through a photodiode or the like, thus obtaining an RF signal.
  • the optical pick up 10 is controlled by the focus servo section 16 at all the time so as to focus the light on the signal surface of the optical disk 9 , as well as being controlled by the tracking servo section 17 so that the focus of the semiconductor laser light follows a signal track.
  • the RF signal is shaped in the analog waveform shaping section 12 to turn to a rectangular configuration before being demodulated into a digital signal in the digital demodulating section 19 , the digital signal being digitally processed in the digital signal processing section 14 , with the result that the original signal is obtainable.
  • Indicated in a waveform ( 9 ) of FIG. 2 is one example of an eye pattern in an area where the center of the eye pattern comes close to the center of the amplitude and the ordinary recording is made without the generation of the offset voltage.
  • the vertical axis indicates the reflected light quantity and the upper side is representative of larger light quantities.
  • a waveform ( 9 ) of FIG. 3 is one example of an eye pattern in an area where a signal is recorded such that the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude by a sufficiently large and proper offset voltage.
  • the control section 20 in addition to controlling the operation of the entire reproducing system, gives an instruction using the reproduced signal to change, for a short time, the threshold value, i.e., the slice value Vs, to be used for the demodulation of the digital demodulating section 19 in correspondence with the eye pattern center offset voltage in the recorded signal.
  • the control section 20 can be arranged as shown in FIG. 1 , while it is also appropriate that, using a CPU (central processing unit), it is arranged with a program which operates in accordance with the operational flow as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B . Further, a general-use personal computer can be used as the control section 20 .
  • the optical disk 9 there is provided and area (first recording area) recording a signal to the effect that the center of the eye pattern is shifted by a desired quantity from the center of the amplitude.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 being an arrangement table indicative of the arrangement state of the offset CP signals 24 and the CP signal preceding signals 26 having a specific pattern are recorded in an ordinarily recorded area where the center of the eye pattern is close to the center of the amplitude varying in a constant range.
  • the area in which these signals 25 or 26 are recorded is referred to as a second recording area.
  • the optical disk reproducing system makes a decision that the offset CP signal 24 whose center of eye pattern is intentionally shifted in some degree is recorded behind the specific pattern.
  • the analog waveform shaping section 12 which demodulates into a digital signal the RF signal outputted from the optical pickup 10 in FIG. 1 , is arranged as follows.
  • the analog waveform shaping section 12 is equipped with an automatic correction slice circuit 31 and an adder 31 a placed in its feedback path.
  • the offset correction voltage is applied through the adder 31 a thereto, and the slice level instantaneously is changed in accordance with the variation of the center of the eye pattern. This operation can cope with the variation of the offset voltage faster than the response speed of a level slicer 28 of the automatic correction slice circuit 31 .
  • the reproduction is made to the area in which a signal the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude is recorded subsequently to signal with the specific pattern.
  • the threshold value VsR of the slicer 28 in demodulating the RF signal of the reproducing system into a digital signal is in advance changed by an offset voltage ⁇ Vs taking the CP signal arrangement information 25 or the CP preceding signal 26 into consideration. Accordingly, it is possible to properly reproduce the area (first recording area) containing the signal the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude.
  • a preceding signal having a specific pattern is also recorded in the area (first recording area) in which the offset signal is recorded, i.e., in the CP signal 24 recording area.
  • This specific pattern preceding signal is a signal 26 h indicated by a point and close to the end of the CP signal 24 a recording area in FIG. 8 A. Similar signals are recorded in portions close to the ends of the recording areas of the other CP signals ( 24 b, 24 c, . . . ). These portions are omitted from the illustration.
  • this preceding signal 26 h is for again announcing the variation of the offset level (returning to the original) prior to the ordinary signal subsequent to the CP signal.
  • this preceding signal 26 h is representative of the fact that the first recording area in which the CP signal is recorded approaches its end and is for making a preparation for returning to the original level. That is, when the preceding signal 26 h is reproduced, the optical disk reproducing system according to this invention instantaneously and sharply changes the slice level in demodulating the RF signal to the digital signal to return it to the original.
  • the reproduction is made to the area in which the signal is ordinarily recorded so that the center of the eye pattern is close to the center of the amplitude, subsequently to the specific pattern signal, while the threshold value is demodulating the RF signal of the reproducing system 47 into the digital signal is returned to the ordinary level, thereby making possible proper reproduction.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 shown in FIG. 8A or the specific pattern signal gives an instruction as to whether the threshold value is shifted to, for example, +1 so that the center of the eye pattern comes to the mirror side (the high reflectance side) of the amplitude in the area from a specific address An to another specific address An+1 as shown in FIG. 8C or the offset amount of the threshold value is shifted to, for example, ⁇ 1 so that the center of the eye pattern comes to the side (the low reflectance side) opposite to the mirror side of the amplitude as shown in FIG. 8 D. It is also appropriate that the shifting direction is fixed to one direction so that only the shifting is indicated by 1 or 0.
  • the reproduced information from the optical disk according to this invention is duplicated or copied onto an optical disk medium writable once and reproducible by an ordinary reproducing system
  • the information of the optical disk according to this invention is reproduced by the ordinary reproducing system and demodulated into a digital signal, the writing light being modulated on the basis of the demodulated digital signal and the data corresponding to the modulated light being written in the optical disk medium.
  • the reproducing system is provided with the automatic correction slice circuit (auto level slicer) 31 whereby the slice level can automatically be corrected even if the duty ratio varies. Accordingly, since the automatic correction slice circuit 31 automatically changes the threshold value taken in demodulating into the digital signal, the ordinary and correct signal is reproducible. For this reason, in the optical disk duplicated, even in the area where the signal was recorded such that the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude, there is written an ordinary signal the center of the eye pattern of which is substantially coincident with the center of the amplitude.
  • the auto level slicer does not change the threshold value VsR to be taken in demodulating the RF signal into the digital signal, for the recorded area of the signal with an offset value, for example, Vs+ ⁇ Vs whereby the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude, when the reproducing system reproduces the above-mentioned duplicated optical disk, the signal the center of the eye pattern of which is substantially coincident with the center of the amplitude does not have the offset, the duplicated optical disk is not decided as a legal disk.
  • the reproducing system is equipped with means to stop the reproduction operation if the area of the recorded signal the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude does not exist in the normal area and the correct reproduction does not take place, automatically stopping the reproduction or the operation of the program is possible, thus not allowing the reproduction or operation of the program in the duplicated optical disk and preventing the illegally duplicated optical disk from being in use.
  • a signal is recorded spirally from the innermost circumferential portion to the outer circumferential portion.
  • a lead-in area is placed at the innermost circumferential portion to record retrieval information and others. It is desirable that, even in the optical disk according to this invention, the area where the CP signal the center of the eye pattern of which is shifted from the center of the amplitude is recorded is located at an innermost circumferential portion corresponding to a CD lead-in area as shown in FIG. 8A , which permits a decision to be quickly made at the beginning of reproduction as to whether it is a duplicated optical disk or not.
  • a step 40 a is first executed to start to reproduce the CD information, for example, a computer program.
  • the description will be made hereinbelow about the case that the computer program is reproduced as the CD information.
  • a step 40 b is then implemented to check from a TOC (Table of Contents) flag or the like whether it is a CP signal corresponding disk or not.
  • TOC Table of Contents
  • step 40 d the operational flow goes to a step 40 d to obtain the CP signal arrangement information 25 from the reproduced signal as shown in FIG. 8A.
  • a step 40 e is for detecting the presence or absence of the CP signal arrangement information 25 , and when not detected, the operation comes to an end, and on the other hand, in response to only the detection of the CP signal arrangement information 25 , the operational flow advances to a step 40 f to start to check the offset CP signal 24 in the area where the offset CP signal is placed.
  • a step 40 g is implemented to check the presence of the CP signal 24 , for example, whether the offset slice level exists or not.
  • the operational flow proceeds to a step 40 r. If all the check data do not finish, the operational flow returns to the step 40 f, while if all the check data end, the operational flow goes to a step 40 p where a decision is made such that it is a duplicated disk. On the other hand, if the answer of the step 40 g is “YES”, the operational flow advances to a step 40 h in order to check in a legal disk check section 33 whether or not the data of the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 are coincident with the amplitude, period To, address and angular position of the offset CP signal detected physically.
  • a step 40 i shows that the check result is OK
  • the operational flow proceeds to a step 40 j to compulsorily add the offset voltage ⁇ Vs to the slice level on the basis of the CP signal arrangement information 25 .
  • a step 40 k is implemented to check whether or not an error or incorrect signal occurs in the CP signal arrangement region.
  • the step 40 p follows to decide that it is a duplicated disk.
  • the step 40 n If the all the check data come to an end, in a step 40 w the computer program read out gets into operation. On the other hand, if not coming to an end, the operational flow returns to the step 40 f.
  • a step 40 q is executed in order to display “duplicated disk” on a display section 41 , then followed by a step 40 s to eject the disk and further followed by a step 40 t to stop the operation of the program as well as to stop the output of the data, and still further followed by a step 40 u to terminate the entire operation.
  • the normal offset voltage is added to the slice voltage on the basis of the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 or the CP preceding signal 26 , which makes it reproducible without occurrence of errors.
  • blocks 25 , 34 and 36 merely indicate the kinds of data but not denoting circuits or the like.
  • the legal disk check section 33 checks whether or not an error signal from an error signal detection section 38 develops at the position of the signal to which a given offset voltage ⁇ Vs is added by an offset amount correction signal generating section 29 in a given address 36 of the CP signal arrangement information 25 .
  • the legal disk check section 33 checks whether or not the normal signal code is reproduced from the digital demodulating section 19 .
  • the reproduction/program stopping section 39 issues a stopping signal to stop the output of the reproduced signal or the operation of the program.
  • the offset voltage is impossible to duplicate (correctly copy), whereby the given offset voltage does not exist at the given address position set forth in the CP signal arrangement information 25 .
  • the measured offset voltage (physical value) is checked with the offset voltage indicated by the CP arrangement information 25 , which makes possible the discrimination from the illegal disk.
  • the ordinary offset voltage is high
  • the automatic correction slice circuit 31 the operating frequency followable lowers to the extent of the response frequency fo in the offset correction control.
  • the automatic correction slice level is fixed to the direction in which the offset voltage is higher.
  • the offset area is ordinarily sliced with a slice level higher than the ordinary level.
  • the legal disk when the slicing is made with the higher offset voltage, the normal signal is reproducible, whereupon the error does not occur.
  • the offset voltage is not duplicable and hence the offset voltage does not develop from the CP signal area and the slicing is made with an ordinary slice level, for which reason the normal signal is not reproducible and the error occurs, whereby the legal disk check section 33 in FIG. 1 decides it as an illegal disk to stop the operation.
  • the slice level of the data of the next frame synchronizing signal can be known beforehand, and therefore, when the offset voltage ⁇ Vs is added to the feedback signal of the automatic correction slice circuit 31 through the adder 31 a placed in the feedback bus in FIG. 1 , it is possible to instantaneously change and set the slice level to a correct slice level.
  • the duplication traders derive a logical signal such as “101” from a CD-ROM and then records this logical signal on an original record to fabricate the original record, by which original record a duplicated disk is mass-produced.
  • the offset voltage is difficult to copy. Accordingly, the disk original record is duplicated with no offset voltage being changed in the recording area of each of the offset CP signals.
  • the data of the CP preceding signal 26 is directly copied on the illegally duplicated original record. In a case where the duplicated disk is mounted on a reproducing system and the +CP preceding signal 26 a is reproduced as shown in FIG.
  • the slice level of the slicer 28 increases in the + direction as shown in FIG. 8 C. Since in the duplicated disk the offset voltage is not recorded, the eye pattern has a configuration with no offset as shown in FIG. 8B , and difficulty is encountered to output the normal signal because the slice level of the slicer 28 is deviated from the center.
  • the slice level is compulsorily set to the + direction on the basis of the CP signal arrangement information 25 or the CP preceding signal 26 . Therefore, an incorrect digital signal is outputted from the automatic correction slice circuit 31 of FIG. 1 and an error signal is outputted from the error detecting section 38 , whereby the legal disk check section 33 decides that it is a duplicated disk.
  • the pulse duration i.e., the duty ratio, varies with the variation of the recording equalizing amount, thus allow simple manufacturing.
  • a duty ratio control signal is varied with a period To and has a negative level, the recording equalizing amount becomes large as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • a duty ratio is obtained as shown by a waveform ( 2 ) in FIG. 3 , and the illuminating time of the laser light to be applied to a photoresist on a glass plate becomes short as shown by a recording waveform ( 3 ) in FIG. 3 so that the duty ratio becomes small as indicated by ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) of FIG. 3 , that is, signal pits with a depth of ⁇ /4 are formed which is short in the track direction.
  • the well-known automatic correction slice circuit 31 in FIG. 1 operates, and the slice level is automatically corrected to Vs+ ⁇ Vs obtained by adding the slice level Vs to ⁇ Vs, this state being shown by a waveform ( 7 ) in FIG. 3 .
  • the period of the reproduction synchronizing signal of the modulation signal is taken as T, as shown by the waveform ( 9 ) in FIG. 3
  • the slicing is carried out with a 3T signal level, as shown by a waveform ( 8 ) in FIG. 3 a correct digital output having a pulse duration of 3T is obtainable.
  • the + ⁇ Vs offset voltage generates in the slicer 28 .
  • the recording equalizing value i.e., “1001” quantity
  • the duty ratio becomes larger and illumination time of the laser light becomes longer so as to form a longer signal pit in the track direction.
  • the offset voltage existing at the center of the eye pattern is shifted in the negative direction, that is, shift by ⁇ Vs toward the low reflectance side, i.e., the opposite side to the mirror side of the amplitude.
  • the CP signal recording are in which the offset CP signal 24 that the center of the eye pattern is shifted by the offset voltage ⁇ Vs from the center of the amplitude is recorded can easily be formed with the power of the recording laser light being varied in a given mode.
  • the signal pit becomes smaller.
  • the small signal pit is reproduced, the whole reflected light quantity becomes larger, which provides a signal that the center of the eye pattern is shifted toward the mirror side of the amplitude, i.e., the high reflectance side, as shown by the waveforms ( 6 ) and ( 9 ) in FIG. 3 .
  • the recording power is made large, even if the recording power is in the ordinary range and the recording equalizing quantity is proper, as shown in FIG. 4 the signal pit becomes larger.
  • the reflected light quantity becomes small, thereby obtaining a signal that the center of the eye pattern is shifted by the offset voltage ⁇ Vs toward the side opposite to the mirror side of the amplitude (low reflectance side) as shown in FIG. 8 D.
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows the variation of the relationship between the center of the eye pattern and the center of the amplitude due to the recording power and the recording equalizing quantity.
  • the transverse axis indicates the recording equalizing quantity.
  • the pulse width of the recording signal becomes smaller, that is, the duty ratio becomes smaller.
  • the axis of ordinate is representative of the shifting quantity of the center of the eye pattern from the center of the amplitude, that is, is indicative of the offset quantity ⁇ Vs normalized with the amplitude and expressed in percentage.
  • the recording power becomes larger in the order of (a), (b), (c).
  • the recording powers indicated by (a) assumes 1.0
  • the recording powers indicated by (b) and (c) show 1.1 and 1.2, respectively.
  • ( 1 ) to ( 7 ) in FIG. 12 indicate waveforms in a case where the recording power and the duty ratio vary.
  • the slice level is corrected by the quantity corresponding to the offset as shown by the waveform ( 5 ) in FIG. 12 , with the result that a digital signal as shown by ( 6 ) in FIG. 12 is outputted. In this case, the duplication is difficult because of the deteriorated yield.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates one example of a recording system for original records which can change the recording equalizing quantity and the recording power during the recording.
  • the whole of the recording system for original records is designated at numeral 61 , and numeral 1 represents a recording laser, numeral 2 designates an optical modulator, numeral 3 denotes a mirror, numeral 4 indicates a lens actuator, numeral 5 stands for a glass plate onto which a photoresist is applied, numeral 6 represents spindle motor, numeral 7 designates a signal source, numeral 21 denotes a recording equalizer, and numeral 22 depicts a control section.
  • a leaser beam optical systems for the focus control and the recording and so on are omitted in the illustration.
  • a step 50 a is implemented to input data of a program generally containing a copy protection program such as computer software beforehand, and further a step 50 b is executed to input the CP signal arrangement information 25 which in turn, is divided into a control signal and data in the CP signal arrangement information processing section 90 , this data being checked with the input data in a mixing section 90 a
  • the control signal is supplied to a control section 22 , and a duty ratio control signal is generated at a given position.
  • the operator of the original record fabricating apparatus decides whether or not the CP signal arrangement information 25 is recorded in the inner circumferential section (lead-in area) of a disk, and inputs it through a keyboard or the like.
  • a step 50 c follows to check, from this input information, whether or not to make a record in the inner circumferential section. If the answer is “YES”, a step 50 d follows to record the mixture of the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 and the recording data in the lead-in section.
  • a step 50 e is implemented to start the recording of the recording data, then followed by a step 50 f to check, from the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 , whether or not it is an offset signal recording area. If the answer is “NO”, in a step 50 i the recording is made at the ordinary duty ratio. On the other hand, if the decision is “YES”, in a step 50 h a CP signal generating section 22 a changes the duty ratio of the signal to the recording laser on the basis of the offset CP signal arrangement information 50 . Thus, the output and duty ratio of the laser light is controlled so that the offset voltage varies to a given waveform. If a step 50 j does not decide that all the data come to an end, the operational flow returns to the step 50 f.
  • a step 50 k is executed to check whether or not to record the aforementioned offset CP signal arrangement information 25 in the outer circumferential section. If the decision is “NO”, control goes to a step 50 p to terminate this operation. On the other hand, if the decision is “YES”, control advances to a step 50 m to compare the offset CP signal arrangement information previously programmed with the offset CP signal actually recorded in the mastering apparatus in quantity, period and deviation on arrangement, thus making correction in accordance with the comparison results. In a step 50 n, an offset CP signal arrangement information recording area is produced in the outer circumferential section 5 b of an original record, and the corrected data is recorded therein.
  • the cutting is advanced from the inner circumferential section to the outer circumferential section, and hence the offset creating result is treated as data after the all the data are recorded.
  • the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 corrected with this data is recorded, thereby sharply improving the manufacturing yield of the original record.
  • the control section 22 gives an instruction to a pulse width control section 21 a of the recording equalizer to change the recording equalizing quantity, i.e., the duty ratio.
  • the control section 22 gives an instruction to the recording laser 1 to change the recording power.
  • the recording laser 1 includes a laser element and power regulating element, for example, a noise eater or AO modulator, and changes its own power.
  • the recording equalizer 21 is designed to switch the equalizing quantity in accordance with instructions from the external.
  • the area recording a signal in which the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude according to the above-mentioned method can readily be formed without greatly revising the conventional recording system for original records.
  • the optical disk according to this invention can be fabricated with the same processes as the conventional optical disk, whereby it is mass-producible at a low cost.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example that the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 is recorded in an optical ROM area
  • this information is enciphered using, as a one direction function, a disclosed key type function such as an RSA function and elliptic curve function as shown in FIG. 11 and recorded in an optical ROM or magnetic recording section provided in the face or rear surface of an optical disk.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic illustration for describing that the offset signal type CP signal shown in FIG. 8A or address-angular arrangement information type CP signal described in FIGS. 16A , 16 B and 17 are measured from an optical disk 9 to produce the CP signal arrangement information 25 .
  • CP signals indicated by circles and triangles are arranged on tracks.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 is also recorded.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 read out is enciphered by a one direction function cipher encoder 42 indicated in a step 60 b in FIG.
  • the CP signal arrangement informative 25 thus recorded in the optical ROM section, magnetic recording section or the like is difficult to revise without the cipher key. That is, since the CP signal arrangement information 25 is enciphered with the one direction function, the function of the cipher encoder can not be deciphered by the function of the cipher decoder. For example, in the FIG. 11 case, the duplication traders know only the cipher decoder, for which reason the number of times of the calculation is needed to be 2 512 times and the calculation requires several million years.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a duplicated disk operation program based on the check of the cipher using the one direction function.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 is produced in a step 60 j and is enciphered with the RSA function using a 512 bit secrete key in a step 60 b, before the cipher is recorded in an optical disk in a step 60 c. Subsequently, the information of this optical disk is reproduced in a step 60 d and the cipher is decrypted (converted) into a plain text in a step 60 e.
  • a step 60 f the CP signal 24 of the optical disk measured in a step 60 k is checked with the decrypted CP signal arrangement information 25 . If the check result shows no coincidence (when the answer of a step 60 g is “NO”), the operational flow goes to a step 60 h to stop the operation of the program.
  • a step 60 i is executed to carry out the operation of the program.
  • the CP signal 24 is not required to be the offset signal as described before. Accordingly, it is impossible to actually revise the CP signal arrangement information 25 .
  • the CP signal 24 is not required to be the offset signal as described before.
  • the foregoing offset CP signal can be realized as shown in FIG. 12 by the change of the duty ratio of the pulse duration in the recording equalizer or the change of the laser light power, and the relationship between the laser output and the size of the pit hole is kept to be non-linear.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 and a logic ID obtained from a logic ID number generator 546 are mixed in a mixer and enciphered in a one direction function cipher encoder (enciphering device) 42 before being recorded in a magnetic recording section 46 of the optical disk through a magnetic recording circuit 44 and magnetic head 45 .
  • This cipher information is reproduced through a magnetic head 45 a and magnetic reproducing section 48 of a recording and reproducing system 47 and decrypted through a cipher decoder 43 to obtain the decoded CP signal arrangement information 25 .
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 is recorded in an optical recording section and reproduced through an optical head 10 .
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 measured on the basis of the address or angular information by an address detecting section 51 and offset voltage VsO detecting section 340 of an offset voltage signal position detecting section 52 of an optical reproducing section 50 is delivered to a legal disk check section 33 .
  • the original record fabrication apparatus (mastering apparatus) 61 shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B corresponds to the apparatus shown in FIG. 5
  • the reproducing system also corresponds to the system shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the legal disk check section 33 detects a duplicated disk in accordance with the flow chart of the duplicated disk operation preventing program 49 described with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B , and stops the operation of the program or stops the output of the reproduced signal.
  • disk check steps 70 c, 70 e, 70 g and 70 i are added to start-up step, program install step 70 d, printing step 70 f and file retention step 70 h of an application software program.
  • the pirate edition traders analyze the software to remove the duplication preventing steps 70 c, 70 e and so on, the duplication is impossible except that, for example, 1000 steps are removed.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 such as the offset voltage of the original record is enciphered with the one direction function and recorded in the magnetic recording section 46 after the original record is manufactured. It is also possible that as an optical disk 9 b shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B the program and the CP signal 24 are recorded in a first exposure portion 520 of the original record, while the CP signal arrangement information 25 is recorded in a second exposure portion 53 of the original record at its outer circumferential section. This method will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 14A and 14B .
  • a laser light signal is given to the first exposure section 520 in the inner circumferential section of the original record, and in a process 3 , the second exposure section 53 , i.e., the outer circumferential section, of the original record is covered with a light-shielding protective film 54 before a photoresist layer of a first photosensitive section 55 is subjected to light.
  • a pit pattern is formed through etching, and in a process, the offset signal is actually measured to obtain the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 which in turn, is enciphered.
  • a process 6 the light-shielding protective film 54 is removed from the second photosensitive section 56 and the enciphered signal is recorded therein through the laser light exposure for the second time.
  • the original record is plated to become a metallic original record, and a disk substrate is made by formation using this original record, before a reflective film is formed thereon, thus fabricating CDs.
  • an offset control signal is given at random and recorded to and in the first exposure section 520 of the original record, and the arrangement of the satisfied offset CP signal is enciphered and recorded in the second exposure section 53 in the outer or inner circumferential section of the original record. Accordingly, it is possible to record the copy preventing signal, whose manufacturing yield is extremely low, without taking the yield into consideration. That is, when a signal whose yield is 1/1000 is duplicated, it is required to fabricate the original record 1000 times, which makes it economically difficult to try the duplication.
  • a rotation angle detecting section 58 can measure the rotational angle, at which the offset CP signal is arranged, on the basis of the rotational pulses from a motor 57 or an FG (rotational sensor), not shown, to produce an offset CP signal arrangement information 25 a as shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the angular position is more accurately detectable by time division of the rotational pluses. It is also appropriate that, as shown by (c) and (d) in FIG. 18 , the arrangement of the address, offset signal and period is detected. In this case, since it is a legal disk, the measured offset CP signal arrangement information 25 a is correct.
  • the + offset voltage signal having a period T 1 is recorded in the address A1 and in the angular position Z 3 . Further, the copy preventing program does not stop the program read out.
  • the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 is different from the normal data. This is because the CD is CLV-recorded.
  • FIG. 17 shows experimental data which make clear that each original record actually has a different CD address arrangement. Even if the address is the same, each original record has a slightly different linear velocity and track pitch, and hence errors are accumulated so that a large difference occurs.
  • the angular arrangement of the offset CP signal takes Z 3 , Z 2 , Z 1 and Z 4 , and on the other hand, in the FIG. 16B case, the arrangement takes Z 3 , Z 2 , Z 4 and Z 3 , a large difference therebetween occurs.
  • the currently available mastering apparatus can not accurately control the angular position.
  • This pattern is not duplicable and the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 a can not be revised because of the one direction function cipher. Accordingly, the duplication traders can not duplicate the CD using the current apparatus.
  • the offset CP signal arrangement information 25 is recorded as a bar-code like low-reflective portion group on the optical disk.
  • FIGS. 20 , 21 A and 21 B a description will be made with reference to FIGS. 20 , 21 A and 21 B in terms of an optical recording medium and optical disk reproducing system according to a second embodiment of this invention.
  • the preceding signals 26 a to 26 h, together with the CP signal arrangement information 25 are recorded in the FIG. 8 optical recording medium 9 , in this second embodiment these preceding signals are unnecessary to record (even if recorded, the reproducing can not detect them).
  • a reproducing system 47 B shown in FIG. 20 The difference between a reproducing system 47 B shown in FIG. 20 and the reproducing system shown in FIG. 1 is as follows. That is, the adder 31 a, being in the feedback path of the automatic correction slice circuit 31 in FIG. 1 , is removed and therefore the offset quantity correction signal generating section 29 is also removed. Accordingly, in FIG. 20 , the automatic correction slice circuit is designated at 31 B, the analog waveform shaping section is denoted at 12 B, and the control section is depicted at 20 B. In addition, in FIG. 20 , a rotational angle detecting section 58 , which detects the rotational angle of the motor 11 is provided within the control section 20 B. Further, a cipher decoder 43 is provided and the digital demodulating section is designated at 19 B. FIGS.
  • 21A and 21B are flow charts showing a processing procedure taken when the control section 20 B is constructed with a CPU. With reference to these flow charts, a description will be made in terms of a duplication checking method based on the CP signal including the CP signal arrangement information 25 and the address angular arrangement information.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 is in advance enciphered by an cipher encode using a one direction function such as the RSA function.
  • a step 80 d the enciphered CP signal arrangement information 25 is decrypted into a plain text through the cipher decoder 43 of the digital demodulating section 19 A, then followed by a step 80 e to check whether the plain text is correct or not. Since the one direction function such as the RSA function is employed and the correct cipher can not be produced except that the key of the cipher encoder is leaked, the first check of the revision of the cipher is possible at this stage.
  • the operational flow goes to a step 80 f to start to check the duplication of the disk, and in a step 80 g, the disk is measure to check whether the CP signal such as the offset signal exists or not. If the CP signal is present, the operational flow advances to a step 80 h. In the case of checking only the angular arrangement of the addresses, the step 80 g is omitted and the operational flow goes to a step 80 h.
  • the CP signal is checked.
  • this check there are two methods: one being that the offset signal is used as the CP signal and the other being that a physical angular arrangement information of the addresses on the disk is used as the CP signal.
  • the address position in which the offset signal is disposed or the angular position on the disk is measured and is coincidence-checked with the normal address position data of the corresponding CP signal indicated by the CP signal arrangement information 25 or the normal angular position data on the disk.
  • the angular position of the arrangement of a specific address on the disk is measured sp as to check whether or not it is coincident with the normal angular arrangement information indicated by the CP signal arrangement information 25 .
  • the checking work in FIGS. 21A and 21B is accomplished by a CD drive, or by OS of a personal computer connected to the CD drive or the list of an application program.
  • the CP signal arrangement information 25 can not be revised. Accordingly, the duplication traders can not revise the CP signal arrangement information 25 so that the check result shows the coincidence with the CP signal, thus preventing the duplication.
  • an area for recording a signal that the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude is provided after a signal with a constant pattern
  • the reproducing system additionally has the function whereby, after the constant pattern signal is detected, the offset voltage is intentionally applied to the threshold taken in demodulating the RF signal into the digital signal to reproduce the signal that the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude, and if the offset signal is not reproduced, to stop the reproduction.
  • the signal reproduced from the area, in which the signal that the center of the eye pattern is shifted from the center of the amplitude is recorded, and demodulated into the digital signal is an ordinary signal, and when the demodulated signal is recorded in a recordable optical disk medium, the center of the eye pattern substantially comes to the center of the amplitude at reproduction. Accordingly, if the offset is added to the slice level to be taken when the reproducing system demodulates the RF signal into the digital signal and reproduced, the reproduced signal is not the ordinary signal, thus resulting in stopping the reproduction. This means that the duplicated disk is not reproducible and the illegal duplication can be prevented.
US09/664,434 1993-12-28 1994-12-28 Optical recording medium, reproducing system, method of reproducing optical disk, method of fabricating optical disk original record, and method of stopping illegal program operation Expired - Lifetime USRE40330E1 (en)

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JP2219194 1994-01-20
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US08/507,495 US5807640A (en) 1993-12-28 1994-12-28 Optical recording medium, reproducing system, method of reproducing optical disk, method of fabricating optical disk original record, and method of stopping illegal program operation
US09/664,434 USRE40330E1 (en) 1993-12-28 1994-12-28 Optical recording medium, reproducing system, method of reproducing optical disk, method of fabricating optical disk original record, and method of stopping illegal program operation
PCT/JP1994/002304 WO1995018443A1 (fr) 1993-12-28 1994-12-28 Support d'enregistrement optique, appareil de reproduction de disque optique, procede de reproduction du disque optique, procede de production d'original de disque optique, et procede de blocage de programme pirate

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EP0689200A4 (en) 1996-05-29
DE69431713T2 (de) 2003-07-03
EP1244095B1 (en) 2006-12-27
EP1244095A3 (en) 2005-03-30
DE69434901D1 (de) 2007-02-08
US5807640A (en) 1998-09-15
EP0689200B1 (en) 2002-11-13
KR100340266B1 (ko) 2002-12-05
CN1400596A (zh) 2003-03-05
CN1126082C (zh) 2003-10-29
DE69434901T2 (de) 2007-07-05
EP0689200A1 (en) 1995-12-27
KR100375494B1 (ko) 2003-03-10
KR960701438A (ko) 1996-02-24
DE69431713D1 (de) 2002-12-19
EP1244095A2 (en) 2002-09-25
WO1995018443A1 (fr) 1995-07-06
CN1119895A (zh) 1996-04-03

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