US9705134B2 - Organic negative electrode with chlorophyll and battery using the organic negative electrode - Google Patents

Organic negative electrode with chlorophyll and battery using the organic negative electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US9705134B2
US9705134B2 US13/076,018 US201113076018A US9705134B2 US 9705134 B2 US9705134 B2 US 9705134B2 US 201113076018 A US201113076018 A US 201113076018A US 9705134 B2 US9705134 B2 US 9705134B2
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negative electrode
organic negative
organic
chlorophyll
group
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US20120148919A1 (en
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Chungpin Liao
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Innot Bioenergy Holding Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H01M4/602—Polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a negative electrode, and more particularly to an organic negative electrode and a battery using said organic negative electrode.
  • the zinc-manganese battery also known as the zinc-carbon battery, is one of the most common types of dry batteries.
  • the key feature for a typical such battery is that there is a cylindrical zinc pot surrounding the negative pole for the storage of chemicals, such as the electrolyte solution.
  • hydrogen storage alloy is adopted as the negative electrode material, which plays a key role in the electricity releasing performance of such batteries.
  • the electrolyte substance serving as the filter for moving ions, is filled in-between the porous positive electrodes and the negative electrodes.
  • the positive and the negative electrodes would need the supply of air (oxygen) and hydrogen, respectively.
  • Lithium batteries though widely adopted as the largest energy content among portable batteries, are unstable in the electrochemical reactions. In the worst case, explosions occur due to thermal runaway as the result of operating at low load or under improper assemblage. Therefore, multiple and complex protection mechanisms would need to be implemented for their usage, such as the installation of a protection circuit, an exhaust vent, and separation membranes, etc.
  • the price of the lithium batteries rises rapidly as a result of the depletion of lithium mineral, which is the main raw material of the positive electrode (such as Li 1-x CoO 2 ) and the negative electrode (such as Li x C) of lithium batteries. Furthermore, the performance and life of the lithium batteries decrease rapidly within a high temperature environment.
  • the present invention provides an organic negative electrode and a battery using said organic negative electrode that may avoid the problem encountered with conventional battery of high internal resistance and environmental pollution.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic negative electrode according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an organic negative electrode according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an organic negative electrode according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing process of the organic negative electrode of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing process of the organic negative electrode of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing process of the organic negative electrode of FIG. 3 .
  • the organic negative electrode 10 includes a first element 11 , a second element 12 formed on the first element 11 , and a third element 13 formed on the second element 12 .
  • the first element 11 comprises a conductive material.
  • the conductive material can be a metal or a metallic compound or a conductive polymeric material.
  • the metal includes aluminum, gold, or the like.
  • the metallic compound can be selected from the group consisting of manganese protoxide, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide.
  • the conductive polymeric material can be selected from the group consisting of heterocycle or aromatic heterocyclic compound.
  • the conductive material can be selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, poly (arylene vinylene), polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and the derivatives thereof.
  • an insulating material can be added into the conductive material.
  • the second element 12 is prepared from a high polymer solution and formed on the first element 11 .
  • the high polymer solution is used as an adhesive material sticking to the first element 11 , and hence the third element 13 can properly adhere to the first element 11 .
  • the high polymer solution further functions to adjust the physical and chemical properties of the first element 11 .
  • the high polymer solution can adjust a work function of the first element 11 so as to achieve a desired potential difference, such as about 1.5V, between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a battery.
  • the electric conductivity of the high polymer solution is within a range of about 50 ms/cm to about 250 ms/cm.
  • the high polymer solution may comprise elements selected from the group consisting of boron, magnesium, aluminum calcium, manganese, and zinc.
  • the high polymer solution is prepared from a compound of metal ions and acid ions, high polymer, and solvent each with a concentration from about 0.1 mol/L to about 10 mol/L.
  • the high polymer can be a high polymer of glucose.
  • the high polymer of glucose can be selected from the group consisting of potato starch, water chestnut starch, corn starch, sweet potato starch, lotus root starch, mustard powder, and pueraria powder.
  • the compound of metal ions and acid ions can be calcium carbonate.
  • the compound of metal ions and acid ions can be natural phytochemicals, including lignans, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, flavonoids, iridoids, fatty acids, scopoletin, catechin, beta-sitosterol, damnacanthal, and alkaloids, and all of them have the following common characteristics: the lignans, the oligosaccharides, the polysaccharides, the flavonoids, the iridoids, the fatty acids, the scopoletin, the catechin, the beta-sitosterol, the damnacanthal, and the alkaloids under analysis by an induction-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS, induction-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy), the elements are rich in (>1 ⁇ g/ml, i.e., greater than 1 micrograms per milliliter) one or more of the group consisting of boron, magnesium, aluminum calcium, manganese, and zinc.
  • the solvent can be water.
  • the third element 13 comprises chlorophyll and is formed on the second element 12 .
  • the chlorophyll can be selected from the group consisting of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c1, chlorophyll c2, chlorophyll d, and chlorophyll e.
  • the chlorophyll, from which the chlorophyll oxidase may have been removed can be in powder or in liquid form.
  • the first element 11 , the second element 12 , and the third element 13 each can be made into a membrane to enlarge the contact area of the chlorophyll so as to increase the response area of the battery, and subsequently the utilization rate of the chlorophyll. Alternately, any known method can be used to increase the utilization rate of the chlorophyll and enlarge the contact area. It is noted that the third material 13 may alternatively be a part of the second material 12 to achieve the same effect.
  • the reaction center of chlorophyll in the negative electrode material releases electrons as it receives light, touches the electrolyte, if any, or is electrically connected with the positive electrode.
  • the potential difference occurs between the positive electrode and the negative electrode when the electrons migrate to the positive electrode of the battery.
  • a continuous current results when a conducting wire and a load electrically connect the positive electrode to the negative electrode.
  • the organic negative electrode 20 may comprise a first element 21 , a second element 22 , a third element 23 , and an additional material 24 .
  • the configuration of the first element 21 , the second element 22 , and the third element 23 are substantially the same as that of the first element 11 , the second element 12 , and the third element 13 mentioned above.
  • the additional material 24 includes metal shavings.
  • the additional material 24 can be disposed between the second element 22 and the third element 23 .
  • the metal shavings can also be arranged on a contact surface between the third element 23 and the second element 22 by spreading or coating. Alternately the metal shavings may form a separate element. The metal shavings could enhance the electrode conductivity of the organic negative electrode.
  • a mechanism for adding the metal shavings to the organic negative electrode is mainly described as following: slow the work function gradient (work function gradient) between the outermost layer of the negative electrode and the internal material of the battery to increase the mobility of the charge to move more easily, and to increase a side reaction (side reaction) of an outside chemical reaction of the main battery to increase the amount of current.
  • the former is achieved by slowing the work function gradient, for example, when the physical collector of the outermost layer of the negative terminal of the battery is aluminum.
  • the metal shavings e.g., aluminum alloys, magnesium, etc.
  • the latter is achieved by increasing the side reaction, for example, adding metal shavings of zinc, which can combine with the chlorophyll within the battery to form a separate battery (side reaction) configured to provide additional current capacity.
  • the metal shavings can be selected from the group consisting of group II elements, group III elements or group VII elements.
  • the group II elements can be selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium and zinc.
  • the group III elements can be selected from the group consisting of boron and aluminum.
  • the group VII elements can be selected from the group consisting of manganese and ferrum.
  • the weight of the metal shavings which can be within a range of 0.5 g to 12 g, is about 1% to 25% of the weight of the organic negative electrode.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an organic negative electrode according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the organic negative electrode 30 may comprise a first element 31 , a second element 32 , a third element 33 , an additional material 34 , and a fourth element 35 .
  • the configuration of the first element 31 , the second element 32 , the third element 33 , and the additional material 34 are substantially the same as the configuration of the first element 21 , the second element 22 , the third element 23 , and the additional material 24 mentioned above.
  • the fourth element 35 that comprises an organic separation membrane can be disposed between the second element 32 and the third element 33 .
  • the organic separation membrane can be high-fiber materials with adsorbed organic or inorganic salt solution.
  • the high-fiber materials can be paper material, including cellophane, cotton paper, and rice paper.
  • the diametric length of the pore of the high-fiber material prefers to be about 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 cm.
  • the electric conductivity of the organic or inorganic salt solution can be about 10 ms/cm to 500 ms/cm.
  • the salt, which is non-lithium salt can be ionic compounds selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide.
  • a battery could be prepared from the organic negative electrode mentioned in the foregoing embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing process of the organic negative electrode of FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the process comprises the following steps:
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing process of the organic negative electrode of FIG. 2 . As shown in FIG. 5 , the process comprises the following steps:
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing process of the organic negative electrode of FIG. 3 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the process comprises the following steps:
  • Any known method can be used to form the third membrane on the second membrane in the above-described process, such as forming the third membrane on the second membrane from the third element by pressing when the third element is in powder state, or by spreading when the third element is in liquid state.
  • the second membrane can be doped with the additional material (such as metal shavings).
  • the steps S 1 , S 21 , and S 31 further comprise the step of roughening the surface of the first membrane.
  • the area of the first membrane can be 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm, 5 cm ⁇ 10 cm, or 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
  • the second element is spread onto the first membrane and then dried up in an oven so that the second membrane formed by the second element sticks to the first membrane.
  • the second element of about 0.5 mm in thickness can be spread onto the first membrane and then dried up in the oven at about 100° C. for about 6 minutes.
  • the organic negative electrode and the battery of the present disclosure could store hydrogen by the chlorophyll in the third element and have the outstanding characteristics of low internal resistance and high electricity storage capacity. Namely, during the oxidation-reduction chemical reaction, the chlorophyll molecule would lose a magnesium ion in its porphyrin center to become the pheophytin molecule. The two empty bonding sites of the latter then trap two hydrogen ions to practically store hydrogen and make the running of current smooth. Not only is the manufacturing process of the organic negative electrode simple, robust, and economical, but only natural, non-toxic substances are employed, unlike conventional batteries and solar cells, the battery of the present disclosure will not cause environmental pollution even when discarded after being used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
US13/076,018 2010-12-13 2011-03-30 Organic negative electrode with chlorophyll and battery using the organic negative electrode Expired - Fee Related US9705134B2 (en)

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CN201010585566.7 2010-12-13
CN201010585566 2010-12-13
CN201010585566.7A CN102569943B (zh) 2010-12-13 2010-12-13 有机负电极以及具有该有机负电极的电池

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102544640A (zh) * 2010-12-13 2012-07-04 依诺特生物能量控股公司 高聚体溶液、负电极材料层、电极及电池
JP7708944B1 (ja) * 2024-08-19 2025-07-15 住友精化株式会社 二次電池バインダー、スラリー、電極、二次電池の製造方法、及び二次電池

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CN102569943B (zh) 2015-04-15
JP2012129185A (ja) 2012-07-05
CN102569943A (zh) 2012-07-11
US20120148919A1 (en) 2012-06-14
JP5747380B2 (ja) 2015-07-15

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