US9179027B2 - Image forming apparatus for improving accuracy in alignment of an image to be printed on two surfaces of a recording medium by measuring a size of the recording medium - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus for improving accuracy in alignment of an image to be printed on two surfaces of a recording medium by measuring a size of the recording medium Download PDF

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Publication number
US9179027B2
US9179027B2 US14/059,823 US201314059823A US9179027B2 US 9179027 B2 US9179027 B2 US 9179027B2 US 201314059823 A US201314059823 A US 201314059823A US 9179027 B2 US9179027 B2 US 9179027B2
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Prior art keywords
recording medium
sheet
image
width
image forming
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US14/059,823
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US20140118762A1 (en
Inventor
Makoto Nakura
Naoto Ueda
Shingo Takai
Satoshi Ueda
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Assigned to RICOH COMPANY, LTD. reassignment RICOH COMPANY, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKURA, MAKOTO, TAKAI, SHINGO, UEDA, NAOTO, UEDA, SATOSHI
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00681—Detecting the presence, position or size of a sheet or correcting its position before scanning
    • H04N1/00742—Detection methods
    • H04N1/00748—Detecting edges, e.g. of a stationary sheet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/50—Machine control of apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern, e.g. regulating differents parts of the machine, multimode copiers, microprocessor control
    • G03G15/5029—Machine control of apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern, e.g. regulating differents parts of the machine, multimode copiers, microprocessor control by measuring the copy material characteristics, e.g. weight, thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/18—Conditioning data for presenting it to the physical printing elements
    • G06K15/1867—Post-processing of the composed and rasterized print image
    • G06K15/1868—Post-processing of the composed and rasterized print image for fitting to an output condition, e.g. paper colour or format
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00567—Handling of original or reproduction media, e.g. cutting, separating, stacking
    • H04N1/0057—Conveying sheets before or after scanning
    • H04N1/00572—Conveying sheets before or after scanning with refeeding for double-sided scanning, e.g. using one scanning head for both sides of a sheet
    • H04N1/00575—Inverting the sheet prior to refeeding
    • H04N1/00578—Inverting the sheet prior to refeeding using at least part of a loop, e.g. using a return loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00567—Handling of original or reproduction media, e.g. cutting, separating, stacking
    • H04N1/0057—Conveying sheets before or after scanning
    • H04N1/00591—Conveying sheets before or after scanning from the scanning position
    • H04N1/00594—Conveying sheets before or after scanning from the scanning position along at least a part of the same path as transport to the scanning position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00681—Detecting the presence, position or size of a sheet or correcting its position before scanning
    • H04N1/00684—Object of the detection
    • H04N1/00708—Size or dimensions
    • H04N1/0071—Width
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00681—Detecting the presence, position or size of a sheet or correcting its position before scanning
    • H04N1/00729—Detection means
    • H04N1/00734—Optical detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00681—Detecting the presence, position or size of a sheet or correcting its position before scanning
    • H04N1/00763—Action taken as a result of detection
    • H04N1/00774—Adjusting or controlling
    • H04N1/00779—Adjusting settings, e.g. mode, feeding rate or type of paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00535—Stable handling of copy medium
    • G03G2215/00717—Detection of physical properties
    • G03G2215/00734—Detection of physical properties of sheet size
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/01—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies
    • G03G2215/0103—Plural electrographic recording members
    • G03G2215/0119—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points
    • G03G2215/0122—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt
    • G03G2215/0125—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt the linear arrangement being horizontal or slanted
    • G03G2215/0129—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt the linear arrangement being horizontal or slanted horizontal medium transport path at the secondary transfer

Definitions

  • Print On Demand In the commercial printing industry, a printing technology called “Print On Demand” (POD) has become popular for printing small lots and various variable data along with progress in shifting from a offset printing press to an image forming apparatus employing an electrophotographic system and the like. Since such an image forming apparatus employing an electrophotographic system meets a wide variety of needs as described above, accuracy in alignment of two surfaces, uniformity of images comparable to those provided by the offset printing press, and the like may increasingly be required.
  • POD Print On Demand
  • Factors of misalignment of two surfaces may be roughly divided into a) registration errors in a vertical direction and a horizontal directions; b) a skew error between a recording medium and a printing image; and c) image length expansion and contraction in transferring a toner image. Further, in an image forming apparatus having a fixing device, misalignment of two surfaces may occur due to an image magnification error caused by expansion and contraction of a recording medium resulting from heating.
  • Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2004-347842 discloses a technology for preventing misalignment of images printed on two surfaces of a sheet by detecting dimensions in a sheet transporting direction and in a sheet width direction orthogonal to the sheet transporting direction before and after printing the image on the sheet serving as a recording medium, and correcting the images based on changes in the dimensions computed based on detected results.
  • a dimension measuring position in a width direction before printing the image on one surface of the sheet may differ from a dimension measuring position in the width direction after printing the image on that surface of the sheet.
  • the misalignment of two surfaces of the sheet is not necessarily corrected due to the ratio of expansion and contraction varying at different positions in the sheet transporting direction.
  • an image forming apparatus that includes an image forming unit configured to form an image on a recording medium; an inverting transport unit configured to invert a first surface (a front surface) and a second surface (a rear surface) of the recording medium on which the image is formed by the image forming unit, and a front end and a rear end of the recording medium to transport the inverted recording medium; a recording medium width measuring unit configured to measure an end position of the recording medium in a width direction orthogonal to a transporting direction of the recording medium before and after the image is formed on the recording medium by the image forming unit; and a correcting unit configured to correct an image to be formed on a subsequent recording medium by the image forming unit based on a change in a shape of the recording medium computed based on a measured result obtained by the recording medium width measuring unit.
  • the recording medium width measuring unit measures the end position of the recording medium in the width direction at a measuring position having an approximately identical distance from one end of the recording medium in the transporting direction of the recording medium before and after the image is formed on the recording medium by the image forming unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a main part of the image forming apparatus according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a sheet transporting device in the image forming apparatus according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is an upper surface schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of the sheet transporting device in the embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the image forming apparatus according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating output examples of a start trigger sensor, a stop trigger sensor, and a rotary encoder in the embodiment
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating examples of measuring positions of a width of a sheet in the embodiment.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams illustrating examples of sheet transporting statuses and corresponding measuring positions of the width of the sheet in the embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of measured results of the width of the sheet in the embodiment.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating other examples of measuring positions of the width of the sheet in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of an image forming apparatus 101 according to an embodiment.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 includes an image forming unit configured to include a tandem image forming device 54 , an intermediate transfer belt 15 , and a secondary transfer device 77 , such that the image forming unit may form an image on a sheet S serving as a recording medium such as an overhead projector (OHP) sheet.
  • OHP overhead projector
  • the intermediate transfer belt 15 is disposed approximately in the middle of the image forming apparatus 101 , and is looped over plural rollers such that the intermediate transfer belt 15 is rotatable in a clockwise direction in FIG. 1 .
  • the intermediate transfer belt 15 is configured to be rotationally driven by a rotatable driving roller 61 .
  • the tandem image forming device 54 is configured to include plural developing devices disposed along the intermediate transfer belt 15 .
  • An exposure device 55 is configured to be disposed above the tandem image forming device 54 .
  • Each of the developing devices 53 in the tandem image forming device 54 is configured to include a photoconductor drum 71 serving as an image carrier configured to carry a toner image of a corresponding one of colors.
  • a primary transfer roller 81 is disposed at a position facing a corresponding one of the photoconductor drums 71 via the intermediate transfer belt 15 . This position serves as a primary transfer position at which the toner image is transferred from the photoconductor drum 71 to the intermediate transfer belt 15 .
  • the secondary transfer device 77 is disposed at a position opposite to the tandem image forming device 54 via the intermediate transfer belt 15 , that is, at a position downstream in an intermediate transfer belt 15 transporting direction.
  • the secondary transfer device 77 is configured to press a roller 62 serving as a counter secondary transfer roller against the secondary transfer roller 14 to generate a transferring electric field.
  • the secondary transfer device 77 is configured to change a transferring electric current of the secondary transfer roller 14 in accordance with types of the sheet S. Note that the transferring electric current of the secondary transfer roller 14 serves as a parameter of a transferring condition.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 includes a sheet transporting device 100 configured to compute a shape of the sheet S by measuring a length of the sheet S in a sheet transporting direction (hereinafter also called a “transporting direction”), and a length of the sheet S in a sheet width direction (hereinafter also called a “width direction”) orthogonal to the transporting direction, based on the later-described configuration and method.
  • a sheet transporting direction hereinafter also called a “transporting direction”
  • width direction a sheet width direction orthogonal to the transporting direction
  • a fixing device 50 is configured to include a halogen lamp 57 as a heat source, a fixing belt 56 serving as an endless belt, and a pressure roller 52 being pressed against the fixing belt 56 .
  • the fixing device 50 is configured to change temperatures of the fixing belt 56 and the pressure roller 52 , which are parameters of a fixing condition, a nip width between the fixing belt 56 and the pressure roller 52 , and the velocity of the pressure roller 52 , based on a type, thickness, and the like of the sheet S.
  • the sheet S is, after the image is transferred onto the sheet S, transported by a transporting belt 41 from the secondary transfer device 77 to the fixing device 50 .
  • a not illustrated driving motor rotationally drives the roller 61 such that other rollers are rotationally driven to rotate with the intermediate transfer belt 15 .
  • each of the developing devices 53 forms a corresponding one of single color images on a corresponding one of the photoconductor drums 71 .
  • the single color images formed in the developing devices 53 are sequentially transferred onto the rotationally driven intermediate transfer belt 15 to superpose the sequentially transferred single color images over one another, thereby forming a composite color image.
  • the sheet S is dispensed from one of feed cassettes 73 by one of feed rollers 72 of a feed table 76 being selected and rotated, and the dispensed sheet S is then transported by a transport roller 74 . Thereafter, the transported sheet S is stopped by reaching a resist roller 75 serving as an example of a resist unit.
  • the resist roller 75 is configured to correct a sheet S transporting direction, and rotate the sheet S to transport the sheet S simultaneously with an image forming timing at which the composite color image on the intermediate transfer belt 15 reaches the secondary transfer device 77 .
  • the composite color image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is transported to the secondary transfer device 77 , where the composite color image on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is transferred onto a surface (front surface or first surface) of the sheet S.
  • the sheet S on which the composite color image has been transferred is transported by the transporting belt 41 to the fixing device 50 , where the transferred composite color image is melted by applying heat and pressure to the sheet S to fix the transferred composite color image on the sheet S.
  • the sheet S on the surface of which the transferred composite color image has been fixed is transported by a branching claw 91 and a flip roller 92 to a sheet inverting path 93 and a two surface transporting path 94 , where the composite color image is formed on a rear surface (second surface) of the sheet S.
  • the branching claw 91 guides the sheet S to the sheet inverting path 93 to invert the sheet S from its front surface (first surface) to its rear surface (second surface).
  • the branching claw 91 transports the sheet S to a discharge roller 95 .
  • the sheet inverting path 93 and the two surface transporting path 94 serve as inverting transport units, and are configured to invert, after the image has been formed on one of the front surface (first surface) and the rear surface (second surface), the sheet S from its front surface to its rear surface, or to invert the sheet S from its front end to its rear end.
  • the inverted sheet S is then directed and transported toward the secondary transfer device 77 .
  • the sheet S on one surface or two surfaces of which the image is printed is transported by the discharge roller 95 to a decurling unit 96 .
  • the decurling amount is changed based on the sheet S by changing the amount of pressure applied to a decurling roller 97 to reduce the amount of curl of the sheet S.
  • the sheet S having the reduced amount of curl is then discharged outside from the image forming apparatus 101 .
  • a resist gate and a skew correcting mechanism may be disposed in place of the resist roller 75 to serve as a resist mechanism configured to correct the position of the sheet S in the transporting direction, and the position of the sheet S in the width direction orthogonal to the transporting direction.
  • a sheet transporting device 100 transports the sheet S such that the sheet S reaches a secondary transfer part simultaneously with the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 15 reaching the secondary transfer part.
  • the sheet transporting device 100 is configured to transfer the sheet S at a constant transporting velocity; however, the sheet transporting device 100 may be configured to control variable transporting velocities while transporting the sheet S.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 according to the embodiment is configured to transfer a color toner image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 15 onto the sheet S.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 according to the embodiment may be configured to transfer respective single color toner images formed on plural photoconductor drums 71 directly onto the sheet S by superposing the respective single color toner images onto one another.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 according to the embodiment may be applicable to a monochrome image forming apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a main part of the image forming apparatus 101 according to the embodiment.
  • a sheet transporting device 100 is disposed in the sheet S transporting path.
  • the sheet transporting device 100 is configured to compute a shape of the sheet S by measuring a length of the sheet S in the transporting direction, and a length of the sheet S in the width direction orthogonal to the transporting direction, while transporting the sheet S to the secondary transfer device 77 .
  • the sheet transporting device 100 is configured to compute a change in shape of the sheet S before and after an image is formed on the sheet S in duplex printing, by measuring a shape of the sheet S before an image is formed on a first surface (a front surface) of the sheet S, and measuring a shape of the sheet S after the image is transferred onto the sheet S; the transferred image is fixed on the first surface of the sheet S, and the sheet S is inverted and transferred.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 may be able to improve accuracy in alignment of two surfaces by correcting the magnification of a size of the image to be printed on a second surface (a rear surface) of the sheet S, based on the change in shape of the sheet S in duplex printing computed in the sheet transporting device 100 , so as to meet (match) the size of the image to be printed and the shape of the sheet S.
  • the sheet S is heated and pressurized while passing through the fixing device 50 to fix the image on the first surface (i.e., the front surface).
  • the sheet S deforms by contraction and expansion.
  • the sheet S deforms continuously with its temperature decrease after passing through the fixing device 50 .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the sheet transporting device 100
  • FIG. 4 is an upper surface schematic diagram of the sheet transporting device 100 .
  • the sheet transporting device 100 serves as an example of a transport unit, and is configured to include a driving roller 12 configured to be rotationally driven by receiving driving force of a not-illustrated drive unit (e.g., a motor, or the like), and a driven roller 11 configured to be driven via the driving roller 12 by sandwiching the sheet S between the driving roller 12 and the driven roller 11 .
  • a driving roller 12 configured to be rotationally driven by receiving driving force of a not-illustrated drive unit (e.g., a motor, or the like)
  • a driven roller 11 configured to be driven via the driving roller 12 by sandwiching the sheet S between the driving roller 12 and the driven roller 11 .
  • the sheet transporting device 100 is configured to further include a resist roller 75 upstream of the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 in the sheet S transporting direction.
  • the secondary transfer device 77 is disposed downstream of the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 in the sheet S transporting direction.
  • a length Wr of the driven roller 11 in a width direction orthogonal to the sheet S transporting direction is configured to be less than a length Ws of the sheet S transported by the sheet transporting device 100 .
  • the driven roller 11 will not be in contact with the driving roller 12 when the sheet S is being transported.
  • the driven roller 11 is rotationally driven by friction generated between the driven roller 11 itself and the sheet S alone. Therefore, the transporting distance of the sheet S or the length of the sheet S in the transporting direction may be more accurately computed by the later-described method without allowing the driven roller 11 to receive the effect of the driving roller 12 when the sheet S is being transported.
  • a rotary encoder 18 is disposed on a rotary shaft of the driven roller 11 of the sheet transporting device 100 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • a not-illustrated pulse counting unit is configured to measure a rotating amount of the driven roller 11 as a sheet S transporting amount by detecting slits formed in an encoder disk 18 a to count the number of pulse signals generated by an encoder sensor 18 b.
  • the rotary encoder 18 is disposed on the rotary shaft of the driven roller 11 ; however, alternatively, the rotary encoder 18 may be disposed on a rotary shaft of the driving roller 12 .
  • the smaller the diameter of the roller (the driven roller 11 or the driving roller 12 ) to which the rotary encoder 18 is attached the larger the number of counted pulses incremented by an increase in the number of rotations along with the transportation of the sheet S may be, which is preferable in computing the transporting distance of the sheet S or the length of the sheet S in the transporting direction with high accurately.
  • the driven roller 11 or the driving roller 12 to which the rotary encoder 18 is attached be formed of a metallic roller so as to secure axial runout accuracy. It may be possible to highly accurately measure the later described sheet S transporting distance by suppressing rotational axial runout.
  • Sensors 4 and 3 are respectively disposed upstream and downstream of the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 in the sheet S transporting direction.
  • the sensors 3 and 4 each are configured to detect both ends of the transported sheet S while the sheet S passes through the respective sensors 3 and 4 .
  • Examples of the sensors 3 and 4 may include transmissive or reflective photosensors configured to exhibit highly accurate detectability to detect the ends of the sheet S.
  • the reflective photosensors are employed as the sensors 3 and 4 .
  • the sensor 3 disposed downstream of the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 in the sheet S transporting direction indicates a start trigger sensor 3 serving as a downstream detector configured to detect a front end of the sheet S when the sheet S passes through the sensor 3 .
  • the sensor 4 disposed upstream of the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 in the sheet S transporting direction indicates a stop trigger sensor 4 serving as an upstream detector configured to detect a rear end of the sheet S when the sheet S passes through the sensor 4 .
  • the start trigger sensor 3 and the stop trigger sensor 4 are disposed approximately at identical positions in the width direction orthogonal to the sheet S transporting direction, as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
  • the transporting direction of the sheet S i.e., skewed direction with respect to the transporting direction
  • the two sensors and 4 are disposed approximately at the central position in the width direction orthogonal to the sheet S transporting direction.
  • the two sensors 3 and 4 may be disposed at positions shifted in either of the width directions from the central position insofar as the sheet S passes through such shifted positions.
  • the sheet transporting device 100 is configured to further include a line sensor 5 between the resist roller 75 and the driven roller 11 in the sheet S transporting direction.
  • the line sensor 5 is an example of a recording medium width measuring unit, and is configured to detect respective positions of opposite ends in the width direction of the transported sheet S.
  • the line sensor 5 is formed of two line sensors disposed one at each of the opposite ends in the width direction of the sheet S.
  • the line sensor 5 may be formed of one line sensor having a length greater than or equal to the width of the sheet S disposed so as to detect the respective positions of the opposite ends in the width direction of the transported sheet S.
  • the line sensor 5 may, for example, include touching members configured to touch the opposite ends in the width direction of the sheet S, respectively, to measure the width of the sheet S based on displaced amounts of the touching members.
  • a distance A illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 indicates a distance between the start trigger sensor 3 and a combination of the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12
  • a distance B indicates a distance between the stop trigger sensor 4 and the combination of the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 . It is preferable to reduce the distances A and B to be as short as possible to increase the later described pulse count range.
  • the driving roller 12 is configured to rotate in a direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 3 .
  • the driven roller 11 is configured to be rotationally driven by the driving roller 12 when the driven roller 11 is not transporting the sheet S, and configured to be rotationally driven by the sheet S when the driven roller 11 is transporting the sheet S.
  • the rotary encoder 18 disposed on the rotary shaft of the driven roller 11 generates pulses.
  • a not-illustrated pulse counting unit connected to the rotary encoder 18 serves as an example of a transport amount measuring unit, and is configured to count the generated pluses output from the rotary encoder 18 to measure a transport amount of the sheet S transported by the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 .
  • the sheet transporting device 100 includes the above-described configuration, and is capable of measuring a transporting distance of the sheet S, a length of the sheet S in the transporting direction, and a length of the sheet S in the width direction orthogonal to the transporting direction while transporting the sheet S.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the image forming apparatus 101 according to the embodiment.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 is configured to include the start trigger sensor 3 , the stop trigger sensor 4 , the line sensor 5 , the rotary encoder 18 , a sheet shape computing unit 20 , a pulse counting unit 21 , a transport distance computing unit 22 , and an image data correcting unit 23 .
  • the sheet shape computing unit 20 is configured to compute a shape of the sheet S based on a computed result of the length of the sheet S in the transporting direction computed by the transport distance computing unit 22 and a measured result of the length of the sheet S in the width direction measured by the line sensor 5 .
  • the pulse counting unit 21 is configured to measure a rotating amount of the driven roller 11 as a sheet S transporting amount by detecting slits formed in the encoder disk 18 a to count the number of pulse signals generated by the encoder sensor 18 b.
  • the transport distance computing unit 22 is configured to compute the transporting distance of the sheet S and the length of the sheet S in the transporting direction based on detected results of the sheet S obtained by the start trigger sensor 3 and the stop trigger sensor 4 , and the rotating amount of the driven roller 11 measured by the pulse counting unit 21 .
  • the image data correcting unit 23 is an example of a correcting unit, and is configured to correct a size of an image formed by the image forming apparatus 101 on the sheet S based on the shape of the sheet S computed by the sheet shape computing unit 20 .
  • the image forming apparatus 101 is configured to print an image with high accuracy in alignment of two surfaces in duplex printing by allowing the image correcting unit to correct image data based on the shape of the sheet S computed by the sheet shape computing unit 20 .
  • FIG. 6 illustrates output examples of the start trigger sensor 3 , the stop trigger sensor 4 , and the rotary encoder 18 in the image forming apparatus 101 according to the embodiment.
  • the rotary encoder 18 disposed on the rotary shaft of the driven roller 11 generates pulses.
  • the stop trigger sensor 4 detects a front end of the sheet S at time t 1 when the front end passes through the stop trigger sensor 4
  • the start trigger sensor 3 detects the front end of the sheet S at time t 2 when the front end passes through the start trigger sensor 3 .
  • the stop trigger sensor 4 detects a rear end of the sheet S at time t 3 when the rear end passes through the stop trigger sensor 4
  • the start trigger sensor 3 detects the rear end of the sheet S at time t 4 when the rear end passes through the start trigger sensor 3 .
  • the pulse counting unit 21 counts the number of pulses of the rotary encoder 18 in a pulse counting time from time t 2 at which the start trigger sensor 3 detects the front end of the sheet S at time t 2 to time t 3 at which the stop trigger sensor 4 detects the rear end of the sheet S at time t 3 .
  • r a radius of the driven roller 11 on which the rotary encoder 18 is disposed
  • N the number of encoder pulses per rotation of the driven roller 11
  • n the number of pulses counted in the pulse counting time.
  • Ld ( n/N ) ⁇ 2 ⁇ r
  • the sheet transporting velocity may generally vary with accuracy of the outer dimensions of the roller (specifically, the driving roller 12 ) transporting the sheet S, mechanical accuracy such as concentric runout accuracy, rotational accuracy such as a motor, or accuracies of transmission mechanisms such as a gear, a belt, and the like. Further, the sheet transporting velocity may also vary with a slip phenomenon between the driving roller 12 and the sheet S, or a slack phenomenon due to the difference between the sheet transporting velocities upstream and downstream of the transport unit. Hence, a pulse period or a pulse width of the rotary encoder 18 constantly changes; however, the number of pulses will not be changed.
  • the transport distance computing unit 22 disposed in the sheet transporting device 100 may be able to highly accurately compute the transporting distance Ld of the sheet S transported by the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 based on the equation (1) without relying on the sheet transporting velocities.
  • the driven roller 11 and the driving roller 12 together serve as the transport unit.
  • the transport distance computing unit 22 may also compute a ratio between pages of the sheet S, or a relative ratio such as a ratio of the two surfaces (front surface and rear surface or first surface and second surface) of the sheet S.
  • the transport distance computing unit 22 may, for example, compute an expansion and contraction ratio R by the following equation (2), based on a relative ratio of the sheet transporting distances before and after an image is formed on the sheet S in the image forming apparatus 101 .
  • R [( n 2/ N ) ⁇ 2 ⁇ r ]/[( n 1 /N ) ⁇ 2 ⁇ r] (2)
  • n 2 18759.
  • a sheet transporting distance L 2 of the sheet S may be obtained as follows.
  • the difference in the transporting distance of the sheet S between the two surfaces of the sheet S may be obtained as follows.
  • the expansion and contraction ratio R of the sheet S i.e., a relative ratio of lengths of the surface and the rear surface of the sheet S
  • the length of the sheet S in the transporting direction contracts by approximately 1 mm.
  • approximately 1 mm misalignment of the two surfaces (i.e., the surface and the rear surface) of the sheet S may be obtained when the image lengths of the surface and the rear surface of the sheet S are identical. Accordingly, the accuracy in alignment of the two surfaces of the sheet S may be improved by causing the image data correcting unit 23 to correct the length of the image to be formed on the rear surface of the sheet S based on the expansion and contraction ratio R.
  • the expansion and contraction ratio R is obtained by computing the transporting distances L 1 and L 2 of the sheet S before the thermal fixation is performed on the sheet S.
  • the sheet transporting device 100 may alternatively include an expansion-contraction computing unit configured to compute, as the expansion and contraction ratio, a ratio of the numbers of the pulses n 1 and n 2 counted at respective times of transporting sheet S before and after the thermal fixation is performed on the sheet S.
  • the expansion and contraction ratio may be obtained as follows.
  • a length Lp in the transporting direction of the sheet S may be obtained by adding a distance a between the start trigger sensor 3 and the stop trigger sensor 4 illustrated in FIG. 3 to the transporting distance Ld obtained by the equation (1).
  • Lp ( n/N ) ⁇ 2 ⁇ r+a (3)
  • the transport distance computing unit 22 may be able to compute the expansion and contraction ratio R of by the following equation (4), based on a relative ratio of the sheet S transporting distances Lp before and after electrophotographic thermal fixation is performed on the sheet S in the image forming apparatus 101 .
  • R [( n 2 /N ) ⁇ 2 ⁇ r+a ]/[( n 1 /N ) ⁇ 2 ⁇ r+a] (4)
  • the transport distance computing unit 22 of the image forming apparatus 101 may be capable of computing the transporting distance of the sheet S and the length of the sheet S in the transporting direction with high accuracy, and may optionally be capable of computing the expansion and contraction ratio R before and after the image is formed on the sheet S.
  • the transport distance computing unit 22 may compute the length of the sheet S in the transporting direction based on the following (A) and (B).
  • a length of the sheet S in the width direction (hereinafter simply called a “width”) is measured at two positions near the front end and the rear end of the sheet S in the transporting direction before an image is formed on a first surface of the sheet S, and the width is subsequently measured at two positions near the front end and the rear end of the sheet S that is inverted and transported after the image is formed on the first surface of the sheet S.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating examples of measuring positions of the width of the sheet S in the embodiment.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B depict the start trigger sensor 3 , the driven roller 11 , the driving roller 12 , the resist roller 75 , and the like as being omitted from the sheet transporting device 100 .
  • the line sensor 5 measures the width of the sheet S after a time T 1 has elapsed ( FIG. 7A ) and a time T 2 has elapsed ( FIG. 7B ) from the time at which the stop trigger sensor 4 has detected the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction.
  • a distance c is defined as a distance from the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction to a width measuring position after a time T 1 has elapsed from the time at which the stop trigger sensor 4 has detected the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction
  • a distance d is defined as a distance from the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction to a width measuring position after a time T 2 has elapsed.
  • times T 1 and T 2 are set such that a total value of the distances c and d approximately equals the length Lp of the sheet S in the transporting direction.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C depict transporting statuses of the sheet S when the width of the sheet S is measured in the above-described conditions.
  • FIG. 8A depicts a status of the sheet S after the width of the sheet S is measured prior to an image being formed on one surface (a first surface) of the sheet S.
  • the width of the sheet S is measured at a position Pc 1 having a distance c, and a position Pd 1 having a distance d, respectively, from the front end of the sheet in the transporting direction.
  • FIG. 8B depicts a status of the sheet S that is switched back at the sheet inverting path 93 for duplex printing, and is transported again in the two surface transporting path 94 back to the sheet transporting device 100 .
  • the sheet S is switched back at the sheet inverting path 93 such that the front end and the rear end of the sheet S in the transporting direction are switched, and the inverted sheet S is transported to the sheet transporting device 100 .
  • the switched back sheet S is transported in a status in which the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction is disposed at the width measuring position Pd 1 , and the rear end of the sheet S in the transporting direction is disposed at the width measuring position Pc 1 .
  • FIG. 8C depicts a transporting status of the sheet S after a width of the sheet S is measured after an image is formed on one surface (i.e., the first surface), and before an image is formed on the other surface (i.e., a second surface).
  • the line sensor 5 measures the width of the sheet S at the distance c and the distance d from the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction.
  • a width measuring position Pc 2 is defined as a position having a distance c from the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction
  • a width measuring position Pd 2 is defined as a position having a distance d from the front end of the sheet S in the transporting direction.
  • the width measuring position Pc 2 corresponds to the width measuring position Pd 1 before image formation
  • the width measuring position Pd 2 corresponds to the width measuring position Pc 1 before image formation.
  • the width of the sheet S is measured at the width measuring position Pc 2 and the width measuring position Pd 2 that are approximately identical width measuring positions of the sheet S before and after the image formation.
  • the width of the sheet S may be measured at measuring positions approximately identical to those from an end of the inverted sheet S in the sheet transporting direction by measuring the width of the sheet S at respective positions having the distance c and the distance d from the front end of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction, the sum of the distance c and the distance d resulting in the length Lp of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction, without changing the settings of times T 1 and T 2 at which the width of the sheet S before and after the image formation is measured after the front end of the sheet S has been detected.
  • the sheet S may expand or contract in the sheet transporting direction, which may interfere with accurate measurement of the width of the sheet S at identical positions before and after the image formation.
  • the accurate measurement will not be interfered with when the width of the sheet S is measured at positions having respective distances approximately identical to those from one end of the sheet S before and after the image formation.
  • the sheet S contracts in a trapezoidal shape, with the contraction ratio of the length of the sheet S being 0.5%, the contraction ratio of the width of the sheet S measured at a position of the front end of the sheet S being 0.3%, the contraction ratio of the width of the sheet S measured at a position of the rear end of the sheet S being 0.5% in the sheet transporting direction after an image is formed on one surface (i.e., the first surface) of the sheet S.
  • the width measuring positions before and after the image formation are misaligned (or shifted) due to the contraction of the sheet S, and hence, the measured values of the width of the sheet S include errors.
  • the measuring position is shifted by 5 mm in the sheet transporting direction, a change in an amount of the measured value of the width is 0.007 mm, which imposes substantially no effect on the measurement of the width of the sheet S. This indicates that measuring the width of the sheet S will not be affected when the width of the sheet S is measured at the measuring positions having approximately identical distances from one end of the sheet S before and after the image formation.
  • a unit configured to measure a length Lp of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction at a position upstream of the sheet transporting device 100 may be additionally provided, and a time interval until the width of the sheet S is measured after the front end of the sheet S is detected may be adjusted based on the measured length Lp of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction. Hence, the width of the sheet S before and after image formation may accurately be measured at identical positions.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of measured results of the width of the sheet in the embodiment.
  • a broken line illustrates a shape of a sheet S 1 before image formation whereas a solid line illustrates a shape of a sheet S 2 after image formation.
  • Pcf 1 and Pcr 1 are defined as opposite ends of the sheet S 1 at a width measuring position Pc 1
  • PDF 1 and Pdr 1 are defined as opposite ends of the sheet S 1 at a width measuring position Pd 1
  • Pcf 2 and Pcr 2 are defined as opposite ends of the sheet S 1 at a width measuring position Pc 2
  • PDF 2 and Pdr 2 are defined as opposite ends of the sheet S 1 at a width measuring position Pd 2 .
  • Pcf 1 , Pcr 1 , Pdr 1 , Pdr 2 , Pcf 1 , Pcr 2 , PDF 2 , and Pdr 2 represent respective positions of ends of the sheet S in the sheet width direction expressed by pixels (i.e., dots) of the line sensor 5
  • the sheet transporting device 100 may be able to compute a change in the shape of the sheet S before and after the image is formed on one surface of the sheet S. Further, the sheet transporting device 100 may be able to accurately compute a change in each of the positions of the sheet S by performing measurements at positions having an identical distance from one end of the sheet S before and after the image is formed on one surface of the sheet S.
  • the width of the sheet S is measured at respective positions having a distance c and a distance d from the front end of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction, and the sum of the distance c and the distance d results in the length Lp of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction.
  • the sum of the distance c and the distance d may differ from the length Lp of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction.
  • a time interval from a time at which the front end of the sheet S is detected by the stop trigger sensor 4 to a time at which the width of the sheet S is measured at the width measuring position is appropriately set, such that the width of the sheet S is measured at respective measuring positions having a distance (Lp ⁇ f) and a distance (Lp ⁇ e) from the front end of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction after an image is formed on one surface of the sheet S. Accordingly, by appropriately setting the time interval from the detection of the front end of the sheet S to the measurement of the width of the sheet S, the width measuring positions before and after the image formation may be set such that the distances from the end of the sheet S are identical.
  • the width measuring position of the sheet S may be one each before and after the image formation, or may alternatively be two or more each before and after the image formation.
  • the shape of the sheet S may be accurately computed by measuring the width of the sheet S at a position having an identical distance from one end of the sheet S before and after the image formation.
  • the shape of the sheet S may be further accurately computed by measuring the width of the sheet S at plural positions.
  • the line sensor 5 may measure the width of the sheet S within a range of a several mm of each of the width measuring positions to compute the mean of the measured widths as the width of the sheet S.
  • the opposite ends of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction include tiny uneven parts.
  • the width of the sheet S may be measured with higher accuracy by computing the mean of the plural measured widths.
  • the sheet transporting device 100 may be capable of computing the length of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction and the length in the sheet width direction orthogonal to the sheet transporting direction based on the above-described method.
  • the sheet shape computing unit 20 of the image forming apparatus 101 computes the shape of the sheet S based on the length of the sheet S in the sheet transporting direction and the length of the sheet S in the sheet width direction, and the image data correcting unit 23 corrects the magnification of the image printed on the other surface (i.e., the rear surface or the second surface) of the sheet S in accordance with the shape of the sheet S.
  • the computation of the shape of the sheet S is performed by the sheet shape computing unit 20 at a position immediately before the secondary transfer roller 14 (i.e., directly upstream in the sheet S transporting direction). Accordingly, an exposure data size or exposure timing computed based on the shape of the sheet S will not be reflected in the sheet S itself from which the shape is computed but reflected in image data of a subsequent sheet S.
  • the exposure device 55 of the image forming apparatus 101 includes a data buffer part formed of memory or the like and configured to protect input image data; an image data generator configured to generate image data for forming an image; an image magnification correcting part configured to correct magnification of the image; a clock generator configured to generate a writing clock; and a light emitting device configured to emit light to the photoconductor drum 71 to form an image.
  • the data buffer part may, for example, be configured to protect the input image data transmitted from a host device such as a controller with transfer clocks.
  • the image data generator is configured to generate image data based on writing clocks generated from the clock generator and pixel insertion-extraction information generated from the image magnification correcting part. Accordingly, the light emitting device is ON/OFF controlled by processing a length of one writing clock period drive data output from the image data generator as one pixel.
  • the clock generator is configured to operate at a high frequency of several times the writing clocks to change clock periods, and further to perform image correction such as pulse width modulation known in the art.
  • the light emitting device is formed of one of a semiconductor laser, a semiconductor laser array, and a surface emitting laser, or a plurality of any one of the semiconductor laser, the semiconductor laser array, and the surface emitting laser.
  • the light emitting device is configured to apply light to the photoconductor drum 71 to form a electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor drum 71 .
  • the image forming apparatus 101 is capable of printing an image in compliance with a shape of the sheet S by causing the image data correcting unit 23 to correct image data to be printed on the sheet S in compliance with the shape of the sheet S computed by the sheet shape computing unit 20 . Accordingly, it may be possible to correct magnification of an image to be printed with high accuracy when printing the image on the rear surface of the sheet S, which is deformed by passing through the fixing device 50 after the surface is printed, and to improve accuracy in alignment of the two surfaces of the sheet.
  • the image forming apparatus 101 may be able to compute the shape of the sheet with high accuracy by measuring the width of the sheet S at a position having a distance from one end of the sheet S in the transporting direction of the sheet S after an image is formed on one surface of the sheet S approximately identical a distance from that end of the sheet S in the transporting direction of the sheet S before after the image is formed on that surface of the sheet S. Accordingly, the image forming apparatus 101 may be capable of improving accuracy in alignment of an image to be printed on the two surfaces of the sheet based on the shape of the sheet computed with high accuracy.
  • an image forming apparatus capable of improving accuracy in alignment of an image to be printed on two surfaces of a recording medium by measuring a size of a recording medium at identical positions in a recording medium transporting direction before and after an image is formed on the recording medium.

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