US9112546B2 - Process for performing near field communication (NFC) in an integrated circuit or package also including a FM receiver - Google Patents

Process for performing near field communication (NFC) in an integrated circuit or package also including a FM receiver Download PDF

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Publication number
US9112546B2
US9112546B2 US13/516,726 US201013516726A US9112546B2 US 9112546 B2 US9112546 B2 US 9112546B2 US 201013516726 A US201013516726 A US 201013516726A US 9112546 B2 US9112546 B2 US 9112546B2
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Prior art keywords
nfc
operation frequency
detection
receiver
near field
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US20130045679A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Orsatti
Onno Marcel Kuijken
Pablo Ignacio Gimeno Monge
Steven Terryn
Roland Van Der Tuijn
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ST Ericsson SA
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ST Ericsson SA
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Assigned to ST-ERICSSON SA reassignment ST-ERICSSON SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ST-ERICSSON BELGIUM NV, ST-ERICSSON B.V., ST-ERICSSON (FRANCE) SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/48—Transceivers
    • H04B5/02—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B15/00—Suppression or limitation of noise or interference
    • H04B15/02—Reducing interference from electric apparatus by means located at or near the interfering apparatus
    • H04B15/04—Reducing interference from electric apparatus by means located at or near the interfering apparatus the interference being caused by substantially sinusoidal oscillations, e.g. in a receiver or in a tape-recorder
    • H04B15/06—Reducing interference from electric apparatus by means located at or near the interfering apparatus the interference being caused by substantially sinusoidal oscillations, e.g. in a receiver or in a tape-recorder by local oscillators of receivers

Definitions

  • Patent Cooperation Treaty application serial no. PCT/EP2010/007829 published as WO 2011/076385
  • European patent application serial no. 09368052.8 are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the invention relates to the field of wireless communications and more particularly to a process for performing Near Field Communication (NFC) between a first NFC device and a second NFC device, the first device including a FM receiver.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • RFID Radio-Frequency Identification
  • contactless card combines the interface of an integrated circuit card (smartcard) and a reader into a single device.
  • NFC communication occurs between two NFC compatible devices, and particularly between an initiator device and a target device.
  • the initiator device chooses the bit rate of data transmission and initializes the communication with the target device.
  • NFC technology can operate in an active or a passive communication mode discussed below and all NFC devices are assumed to support both communication modes.
  • an initiator device provides a carrier field and a target device answers by modulating this field.
  • the target draws operating power from the initiator's electromagnetic field and the target device's receiver is only required to acknowledge its presence when polled.
  • both the initiator device and the target device communicate by generating their own field. In this mode, both devices typically need a power supply.
  • a device detection polling loop is applied.
  • the device detection polling loop can be used by an initiator device to detect a target device or it can be used by a target device for being detected by an external initiator device.
  • a periodic scanning detection process is performed.
  • the periodic scanning detection detects different data formats of an external device that can be either an initiator device or a target device.
  • the close proximity of the two above mentioned cores results to interfering effects between the harmonics of the NFC core operation frequency (13.56 MHz) and the frequency of the FM broadcast band, when the FM core is tuned to a channel or frequency (hereinafter designed as the FM operation frequency) which is an harmonic of the NFC frequency.
  • the highest impact on the interference comes from the permanent function of the device detection polling loop operating in the NFC frequency.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the first NFC device includes a NFC transceiver and a FM receiver which are integrated in a same chip.
  • the process involves the steps of:
  • the device detection polling loop comprising activity detection periods which occur periodically;
  • the time slots are randomly scheduled within the polling loop.
  • the process further performs a blanking of the audio signal received by said FM receiver, said blanking occurring during said time slots.
  • the FM operation frequency of the FM receiver is compared with all possible harmonics of the NFC communication. Based on that comparison, the process enables the slicing operation in order to reduce the noise audible to the user when the FM operation frequency is too close to the NFC operation frequency.
  • the predetermined value is set to 10 milliseconds.
  • the invention also provides a NFC device which includes NFC transceiver integrated together with a FM receiver.
  • the NFC device comprises:
  • the NFC device means for randomly scheduling said time slots within the polling loop.
  • the NFC device further includes a FM blanking circuit for switching off the FM audio signal received by said FM receiver during said time slots.
  • the NFC device includes control unit, which can be for instance a Central Processing Unit (CPU) allowing easy software configuration, which compares the FM operation frequency used by said FM receiver with harmonics of the NFC operation frequency and, further to said comparison, for controlling the blanking of the FM audio signal.
  • control unit can be for instance a Central Processing Unit (CPU) allowing easy software configuration, which compares the FM operation frequency used by said FM receiver with harmonics of the NFC operation frequency and, further to said comparison, for controlling the blanking of the FM audio signal.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the time slots are set to have a duration inferior to 10 milliseconds so as to minimize the audible effects to the user of the FM receiver.
  • the invention is adapted to achieve integration of the NFC device together with the FM receiver either in a System on Chip (SOC) or System in Package (SIP) configuration.
  • SOC System on Chip
  • SIP System in Package
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a Near Field Communication (NFC) device according to one embodiment.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the process.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the scanning process of the device detection polling loop.
  • NFC compatible devices As known by the skilled man, a wide range of devices and machines are likely to become NFC compatible devices, including mobile phones, turnstiles, parking meters, check-out cash registers or “point-of-sale” equipment, ATMs, house and garage doors, personal computers, posters, street signs, bus stops, local points of interest (with NFC-readable tags only), product packaging, etc.
  • a first NFC device can communicate with a wide range of NFC devices and particularly with a second device complying with the existing ISO/IEC 14443 standard (relating to integrated circuit cards also designated as smartcards) and readers.
  • the technology is standardized in ISO/IEC18092, ECMA-340 (European association for standardizing information and communication systems), and ETSI 102.190 (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). It operates within the globally available and unregulated RF band of 13.56 MHz with data transfers of 106 kbps, 212 kbps and 424 kbps per second.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an architecture of a NFC device 100 which comprises a NFC transceiver 10 which is integrated in a same chip than a FM receiver 20 .
  • the integration into a same chip may encompasses both the situation of the integration within a single die (which is referred to a System On Chip SOC designation) and the integration of two distinct dies in a same package, referred to as System in Package (SIP).
  • SIP System in Package
  • the NFC transceiver 10 is able to transmit and receive a RF signal carrying data in its operation frequency (13.56 MHz) while the FM receiver 20 receives a FM signal carrying a modulated audio signal in its operation frequency varying between 87.5 to 108.0 MHz.
  • an interference effect may arise when the FM operation frequency is tuned to a frequency between the 6 th and the 8 th harmonics of the operation frequency of the NFC transceiver 10 .
  • NFC device 100 also includes a control unit 30 which executes the hereinafter described process and also provides a set of control signals via control leads 31 - 34 , required for controlling the different components of the NFC device 100 .
  • the NFC device 100 of the invention includes a NFC loop timer 40 which controls the NFC transceiver 10 through a control lead 42 and a FM blank circuit 50 connected with the FM receiver 20 , also receiving a control signal through a lead 41 from NFC Loop timer 40 . Furthermore, the NFC device 100 includes an amplifier 60 .
  • control unit 30 the NFC loop timer 40 and the FM blank circuit 50 cooperate together for the purpose of improving the reception of the FM audio signal.
  • each corresponding to one particular data format which can be applicable by a second NFC device preferably less than 10 milliseconds and scheduling those time slots within the NFC scanning or polling loop by means of NFC loop timer 40 , and also controlling the FM blank circuit so as to switch off the audio signal during those time slots.
  • the slices or time slots can be built, for example, by starting the RF carrier signal, waiting for the corresponding setup time, modulating the RF carrier signal according to one of the particular data formats, waiting for the corresponding response time, and stopping the RF carrier signal.
  • control unit 30 determines, by means of a comparison of the active FM frequency being used by the FM receiver and the possible harmonics of the NFC operation frequency, whether the slicing of the NFC activity detection period is appropriate or not.
  • the NFC loop timer 40 performs a random scheduling of the time slots assigned to the different NFC activity detection.
  • the NFC device 100 comprises both a NFC transceiver 10 and a FM receiver 20 .
  • the FM transceiver 10 operates in a NFC frequency and the FM receiver 20 operates in a FM frequency.
  • Both the FM receiver and the NFC transceiver are integrated in a single chip and thus interference might occur if the FM operation frequency of the FM receiver is tuned to a frequency that matches the harmonics of the NFC operation frequency. This interference significantly impairs the above mentioned NFC communication that takes place when the first NFC device and the second NFC device are brought within close proximity (around 10 centimeters).
  • a step 200 the process starts with an initialization of the NFC device 100 .
  • the FM audio circuits including the FM blank circuit 50 , are initialized so as to allow FM audio playing through amplifier 60 .
  • the NFC device 100 is also initialized regarding the NFC functionalities which are performed in accordance with known procedures.
  • the initialization includes the initialization of the NFC device detection polling loop.
  • the NFC device receives data signals from another NFC compatible device. These data signals correspond to different data formats according to different protocols of different standards, and well known to the skilled man.
  • the NFC device can be in an initiator mode. In that case, the NFC device sends a signal to initiate communication with the NFC compatible device that is in a target mode.
  • the NFC device can be in a target mode. In that case, the NFC device receives the signal send by a NFC compatible device being in initiator mode.
  • the device detection polling loop is performed periodically over subsequent scanning periods or polling loops.
  • the different data formats i.e. detection type A, detection type B, detection type F-212, detection type F-424, detection 15693 etc.
  • the polling loop is designed to support all implemented protocols and is software configured.
  • control unit 30 which exchanges information with the FM receiver via (not represented) communication channel.
  • control unit 30 is embodied by means of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) which handles all high level control of the different components of the device and, therefore, is perfectly aware of the different parameters of such devices, including, in the case of FM Receiver 20 , the operating frequency being used by the user.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • a step 220 the process proceeds with performing a comparison between the FM operation frequency and the different harmonics of the NFC operation frequency.
  • This comparison is performed by the CU 30 in order to determine whether there could be a possible pollution of the FM audio signal.
  • the FM audio signal may be polluted if there is a match or close proximity between the channel or FM operation frequency and the different harmonics of the NFC operation frequency.
  • the process proceeds to a step 230 , where the CU 30 disables the NFC loop timer 40 as well as the FM blank circuit 50 , respectively by means of control leads 32 and 33 .
  • step 220 If there is a match in the comparison of the step 220 , then the process proceeds to a step 240 where Control unit 30 enables the NFC loop timer 40 by means of control leads 32 .
  • NFC loop timer 40 initiates the slicing of the NFC activity detection period in small time slots, in a step 250 .
  • the slicing is achieved by generating appropriate control signals on lead 42 which are forwarded to NFC transceiver 10 , which results in the generation of short time slots as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • the time slots take the form of bursts.
  • the time slots are scheduled randomly so as to reduce the audible effects for the user of the FM blanking process.
  • NFC loop timer 40 generates a control signal on a lead 41 which is forwarded to FM blank circuit 50 , and which is active during the time slots which are scheduled on the NFC polling loop.
  • the slicing is performed in such a way that the time slots are less than 10 ms.
  • step 260 CU 30 activates control lead 33 so as to enable FM blanking.
  • FM blanking circuit 50 starts performing blanking operation in accordance with control signal received on lead 41 and which results in the switch off of the audible FM signal being presented at the input of the audio amplifier.
  • MOS transistor having its gate control lead driven by control lead 41 .
  • the slicing performed by NFC loop timer 40 Since, in the preferred embodiment, the slicing performed by NFC loop timer 40 generates activity time slots of less than 10 ms, the corresponding audio blanks will not be audible to the user.
  • FM blanking circuit 50 by control lead 33 is optional. However, when it is not activated, the improvement of the FM audio signal is only achieved by means of the random “slicing” introduced in the NFC activity detection scanning (performed by block 40 ).
  • the FM blanking circuit 50 significantly improves the quality of the audio signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
US13/516,726 2009-12-21 2010-12-21 Process for performing near field communication (NFC) in an integrated circuit or package also including a FM receiver Expired - Fee Related US9112546B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09368052A EP2337231B1 (de) 2009-12-21 2009-12-21 Verfahren zur Durchführung von Nahfeldkommunikation (NFC) in einer integrierten Schaltung oder einer Baugruppe, die auch einen FM-Empfänger beinhaltet
EP09368052.8 2009-12-21
EP09368052 2009-12-21
PCT/EP2010/007829 WO2011076385A1 (en) 2009-12-21 2010-12-21 A process for performing near field communication (nfc) in an integrated circuit or package also including a fm receiver

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US20130045679A1 US20130045679A1 (en) 2013-02-21
US9112546B2 true US9112546B2 (en) 2015-08-18

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US (1) US9112546B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2337231B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5744907B2 (de)
WO (1) WO2011076385A1 (de)

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WO2011094387A1 (en) 2010-01-29 2011-08-04 Avery Dennison Corporation Rfid/nfc panel and/or array used in smart signage applications and method of using
GB2492772B (en) * 2011-07-11 2014-02-19 Cambridge Silicon Radio Ltd Communication apparatus
EP2582058B1 (de) 2011-10-10 2016-03-30 ST-Ericsson SA Verfahren zur Reduzierung von Interferenzen
EP3214572B1 (de) 2012-10-18 2020-01-29 Avery Dennison Corporation System und vorrichtung für nfc-sicherheit
EP3429250A1 (de) 2012-11-19 2019-01-16 Avery Dennison Corporation Nfc-sicherheitssystem und verfahren zur deaktivierung nicht autorisierter tags
US9258034B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2016-02-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatus for coordinating communications between a NFC radio and other coexisting RAT radios
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JP2015162696A (ja) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-07 京セラ株式会社 通信機器及び制御方法
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US20130045679A1 (en) 2013-02-21
EP2337231A1 (de) 2011-06-22
JP2013515412A (ja) 2013-05-02
EP2337231B1 (de) 2012-10-31
JP5744907B2 (ja) 2015-07-08
WO2011076385A1 (en) 2011-06-30

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