US8497815B2 - Dielectrically loaded antenna and an antenna assembly - Google Patents

Dielectrically loaded antenna and an antenna assembly Download PDF

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US8497815B2
US8497815B2 US11/998,471 US99847107A US8497815B2 US 8497815 B2 US8497815 B2 US 8497815B2 US 99847107 A US99847107 A US 99847107A US 8497815 B2 US8497815 B2 US 8497815B2
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antenna
core
assembly according
surface portion
elements
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US20080136738A1 (en
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Oliver Paul Leisten
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Helix Technologies Ltd
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Sarantel Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/06—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with core of ferromagnetic material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a dielectrically loaded antenna and to an antenna assembly including such an antenna.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to an antenna for operation at a frequency in excess of 200 MHz, the antenna being dielectrically loaded by a solid dielectric core and having a three-dimensional antenna element structure disposed on or adjacent an outer surface of the core.
  • the antenna assembly includes a radio frequency front-end stage coupled to the antenna.
  • Such an antenna is disclosed in numerous patent publications of the applicant, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,854,608, 5,945,963, 5,859,621, and 6,552,693. These patents disclose antennas each having one or two pairs of diametrically opposed helical antenna elements which are plated on a substantially cylindrical electrically insulative core of a material having a relative dielectric constant greater than 5, with the material of the core occupying the major part of the volume defined by the core outer surface.
  • the antenna has a feed structure extending axially through the core.
  • a trap in the form of a conductive sleeve encircles part of the core and connects to the feed structure at one end of the core.
  • the antenna elements are each connected to the feed structure.
  • Each of the antenna elements terminates on the rim of the sleeve and each follows a respective longitudinally extending path.
  • the feed structure which is a coaxial transmission line, is housed in an axial passage through the core. The diameter of which passage is greater than the outer diameter of the coaxial line. The outer shield conductor of the coaxial line is thereby spaced from the wall of the passage. This has the effect of reducing parasitic resonances.
  • U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/060,215 shows how a cavity may be formed in a proximal end portion of the core to reduce the size and weight of a dielectrically loaded antenna. More complex structures are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/088,247, 11/742,587, 11/263,643, 60/831,334, 60/920,607 and 60/921,108. The disclosure of each of the above patents and patent applications is explicitly incorporated in the present specification by reference.
  • a dielectrically loaded multifilar helical antenna having at least two pairs of elongate conductive substantially helical antenna elements centred on a common axis, each of which elements has a feed end and a linked end, the linked ends of each pair being linked together by a linking conductor, wherein, at an operating frequency at which the antenna is resonant in respect of axially directed circularly polarised radiation, the helical elements of each of the said two pairs form part of a conductive loop having an electrical length of substantially (2n ⁇ 1)/2 times the wavelength, where n is an integer.
  • each of the helical elements executes a quarter turn about the axis.
  • the invention is primarily applicable to an antenna for operation at a frequency in excess of 200 MHz, the antenna including a dielectric core of a solid material having a relative dielectric constant greater than 5, the material of the core occupying the major part of the volume defined by the core outer surface, a three-dimensional antenna element structure disposed on or adjacent an outer surface of the core and having a balanced feed connection.
  • a balanced feed structure extends from the feed connection to, for instance, a termination intended to be coupled to a balanced circuit input, e.g. a differential amplifier.
  • the feed structure may comprise a parallel pair of wires, a twisted pair of wires, or parallel printed tracks on the dielectric core or on a printed circuit board on which the amplifier is mounted.
  • the feed structure may extend through the core in an axial passage.
  • the feed structure has a characteristic impedance greater than 500 ohms.
  • the antenna may, alternatively, be an endfire antenna.
  • an antenna assembly includes a dielectrically loaded antenna as described above and a receiver having a radio frequency (RF) front-end stage with a differential input coupled to the antenna, the input impedance of the differential input being at least 500 ohms.
  • the front-end stage may be a differential amplifier on a printed circuit board, and this board may be secured on or adjacent a proximal or distal surface portion of the core extending transversely with respect to the axis, preferably perpendicularly with respect to the axis.
  • the antenna may be mounted on the printed circuit board with one of its transversely extending surface portions abutting a major surface of the board.
  • the antenna may be secured to one of the edges of the board with the board extending in a plane which contains the axis of the core or which is parallel to the axis of the core.
  • the board may, therefore, depend from a proximal end surface portion of the core.
  • the preferred antenna has a cylindrical core with a cylindrical side surface portion extending between the proximal and distal surface portions, the latter extending substantially perpendicularly to the above-mentioned common axis.
  • the core may have a cavity the base of which forms the proximal surface portion, the cavity receiving the radio frequency front-end stage.
  • the feed structure may form part of the resonant structure of the antenna, it is preferably kept short, the differential amplifier being mounted close to the antenna.
  • the feed structure can be particularly short.
  • a differential amplifier is mounted on a printed circuit board attached to an end face of the antenna with the amplifier within 10 mm of the proximal surface portion of the core.
  • the differential amplifier is mounted with its differential input terminals within 5 mm of the proximal surface portion of the antenna core.
  • the assembly may include a conductive enclosure mounted to the core or to the printed circuit board and containing the differential amplifier.
  • the differential amplifier has a single-ended output connection which is located inside the enclosure.
  • the combination of a dielectrically-loaded antenna having a balanced feed connection and a differential amplifier as described above offers the possibility of a comparatively simple assembly which is easily matched in impedance terms.
  • the feed connection can be connected directly to input terminals of the differential amplifier without reactive matching components.
  • the differential amplifier forms part of an integrated receiver chip which may, for instance, include not only a long-tailed pair front end amplifier, but also at least one mixer stage, at least one intermediate frequency (i.f.) stage, a demodulator or decoder, and signal processing stages.
  • Such an assembly may be used for Global Positioning System (GPS) signal reception and processing, in which case the antenna is preferably a quadrifilar helical antenna, and, in addition, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth transceivers, as well as for transceivers for GSM and 3G cellphones, for instance.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the RF front-end stage may be a monolithic filter element such as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter having a balanced input, the element being mounted on or close to the antenna core.
  • the input impedance of the filter element is typically 600 ohms or higher.
  • the output impedance is typically 50 ohms, although a higher output impedance is feasible.
  • the output is advantageously single-ended, the filter element acting as a balun.
  • an antenna assembly for operation at a frequency in excess of 200 MHz includes a dielectrically loaded antenna that comprises a dielectric core of a solid material having a relative dielectric greater than 5 and a three-dimensional antenna element structure disposed on or adjacent an outer surface of the core, as well as a balanced feed connection and a differential amplifier coupled to the feed connection.
  • the antenna element structure comprises at least one pair of laterally opposed elongate helical conductive antenna elements each having a first end terminating in the feed connection and a second end coupled to the second end of the other antenna element of the pair such that the pair of antenna elements forms part of a loop.
  • the electrical length of the loop is in the region of (2n ⁇ 1)/2 times the wavelength at the operating frequency, where n is an integer.
  • the electrical length of the loop is about a half wavelength (i.e. 180° in phase terms) and the helical elements are each quarter-turn helices.
  • the source resistance presented to the differential amplifier input by the antenna and its feed structure is typically at least 500 ohms and, preferably, greater than 1 kilohm.
  • an antenna assembly including a dielectrically-loaded antenna as described above and a differential amplifier coupled to the antenna wherein: the antenna comprises a dielectric core of a solid material having a relative dielectric constant greater than 15, the said antenna elements having a common axis and being axially coextensive on or adjacent an outer surface of the core; the antenna further comprises a feed connection having a pair of feed connection nodes each coupled to a respective one or more of the antenna elements at their feed ends; and the differential amplifier has a differential input with a pair of input terminals each of which is coupled to a respective one of the feed connection nodes.
  • a SAW filter element may be used in place of a differential amplifier, the filter element having a balanced input with a pair of input terminals each of which is coupled to a respective one of the feed connection nodes of the antenna.
  • the filter characteristic is preferably a bandpass filter. Other filter characteristics are feasible. Whether a bandpass filter characteristic or a different characteristic is used, the filter element, when combined with or forming part of a radio receiver, is advantageously tuned to reject signals at the image frequency associated with a mixer stage of the receiver downstream of the filter element.
  • a monolithic ceramic SAW filter is particularly appropriate.
  • the core typically has a passage extending therethrough from the distal core surface portion to the proximal core surface portion, the feed connection nodes being associated with the distal surface portion.
  • a parallel pair of conductors extends through the passage from the feed connection nodes to differential input terminals of the differential amplifier or the input terminals of a balanced input SAW filter.
  • the above-mentioned feed connection nodes are preferably located on or adjacent the common axis and on an outer surface portion of the core, the antenna elements being helical conductors coupled to the feed connection nodes by respective radial conductors on the outer surface portion of the core.
  • the feed connection nodes may be located on the printed circuit board on or adjacent the common axis, the helical conductors being coupled to the feed connection nodes by conductors on the board.
  • the helical conductors each have one end coupled to one or other of the feed connection nodes and an opposite end coupled to a linking conductor.
  • the helical conductors and the linking conductor together form part of at least one conductive loop that extends from one feed node to the other feed node and has an electrical length of (2n ⁇ 1)/2 times the wavelength at the operating frequency, where n is an integer.
  • Each of the helical conductors executes (2P ⁇ 1)/4 turns around the common axis, where P is an integer.
  • the source impedance typically presented to the input of the differential amplifier or SAW filter element is greater than or equal to 500 ohms, and is preferably a balanced source.
  • the amplifier or filter element preferably has a single-ended output.
  • the antenna forming part of the antenna assembly in at least some embodiments of the invention is a quadrifilar antenna having four quarter-turn helical conductors each centred on the common axis.
  • the antenna may be a bifilar antenna having two quarter-turn helical conductors.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first antenna assembly in accordance with the invention, including a dielectrically loaded endfire quadrifilar antenna viewed from one side and from a proximal end;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of a printed circuit board bearing a differential amplifier, forming part of the assembly of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of the differential amplifier
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second antenna assembly in accordance with the invention, including a dielectrically-loaded backfire antenna viewed from one side and from a proximal end, together with a printed circuit board bearing a differential amplifier;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the antenna shown in FIG. 4 , viewed from one side and showing a distal end of the antenna;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a dielectrically-loaded endfire bifilar antenna viewed from one side and from a proximal end, a printed circuit board bearing a differential amplifier being shown in chain lines as being secured to a proximal end of the antenna;
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a fourth antenna assembly in accordance with the invention, including a dielectrically-loaded endfire quadrifilar antenna secured to the face of a printed circuit board bearing an integrated receiver chip;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary plan view of the printed circuit board and receiver chip of the assembly of FIG. 7 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a fragmentary underside view of a fifth antenna assembly in accordance with the invention, including a printed circuit board with an integrated receiver chip mounted on the underside.
  • a first antenna assembly in accordance with the invention comprise an endfire dielectrically-loaded quadrifilar antenna 10 having a cylindrical dielectric core 12 , and a printed circuit board 14 attached to a proximal end surface portion 12 P of the core, the board 14 carrying a differential amplifier chip 16 on one major face 14 A thereof.
  • the dielectrically-loaded antenna 10 has an antenna element structure with four axially coextensive quarter-turn helical tracks 10 A, 10 B, 10 C and 10 D plated on a cylindrical outer side surface portion 12 S of the core 12 .
  • the cylindrical side surface portion 12 S of the core defines a central axis (not shown) of the antenna and the helical elements 10 A- 10 D each follow respective helical paths which are helices having this axis as their axis of rotation.
  • the proximal core surface portion 12 P extends perpendicularly with respect to the axis and the side surface portion 12 S. This forms an end face of the antenna.
  • the other end of the antenna is formed by a distal surface portion 12 D of the core which also extends perpendicularly to the antenna axis and forms another end face of the antenna.
  • an annular linking conductor 10 L Encircling the core 12 adjacent the distal surface portion 12 D is an annular linking conductor 10 L, also formed as a track on the cylindrical side surface portion 12 S.
  • the linking conductor 10 L is spaced from the edge of the cylindrical side surface portion which bounds the distal surface portion 12 D.
  • the helical conductors 10 A- 10 D are substantially uniformly distributed around the cylindrical surface portion 12 S of the core and each extends to a proximal edge of the cylindrical side surface portion where it is connected to a respective radial conductor 10 AR, 10 BR, 10 CR, or 10 DR which are formed as tracks on the proximal surface portion 12 P.
  • Two of the radial conductors 10 AR, 10 BR are connected together in a central region of the proximal surface portion 12 P to form a first feed connection node 18 A.
  • the other two radial conductors 10 CR, 10 DR are connected together in the central region to form a second feed conductor node 18 B.
  • each looped path comprises one pair of laterally opposed helical elements 10 A, 10 C; 10 B, 10 D, the corresponding radial conductors 10 AR, 10 CR; 10 BR, 10 DR, and a semicircular portion of the linking conductor 10 L.
  • the printed circuit board 14 is secured edgewise (by is distal edge 14 D) to the proximal end of the antenna 10 with the board extending generally axially from the antenna and at a rotational position such that the combination of the radial conductors 10 AR, 10 BR associated with the first feed connection node 18 A and the combination of the radial conductors 10 CR, 10 DR associated with the second feed connection node 18 B extend on opposite sides of the board 14 in symmetry.
  • the board 14 bisects the angles made between neighbouring radial conductors 10 AR, 10 DR; 10 BR, 10 CR of the interconnected pairs, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the integrated circuit 16 containing a differential amplifier is, in this embodiment, surface-mounted on one face 14 A of the board 14 .
  • the integrated circuit 16 has two differential input terminals 20 A, 20 B connected directly to the respective feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B.
  • the terminals 20 A, 20 B are soldered to symmetrically arranged feeder tracks 22 A, 22 B which, adjacent the distal edge 14 D of the board 14 are connected to conductive brackets 24 A, 24 B mounted on opposite faces 14 A, 14 B of the board 14 , each bracket having an upstanding arm one face of which is generally flush with or slightly proud of the distal edge 14 .
  • connection of the input terminal 20 B to one of the conductive brackets 24 B is made directly via the feeder track 22 B, to which the respective bracket 24 B is soldered.
  • the corresponding feeder track 22 A is coupled to the other conductive bracket 24 A through a plated hole (“via”) 26 which connects the feeder track 22 A to a short track (not shown) on the other face 14 B of the board 14 , to which the other conductive bracket 24 A is soldered.
  • feeder conductors 22 A, 22 B the associated connections to the feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B, and the above-described conductive tracks plated on the core 12 provide two conductive loops for radio frequency currents, each extending from the first differential input terminal 20 A of the integrated circuit 16 via feeder track 22 A and returning via feeder track 22 B to the other differential input terminal 20 B.
  • the proximal edge 10 LP of the linking conductor L does not follow a simple circular path in a single transverse plane.
  • the edge of the linking conductor is slightly inclined between the junctions of the linking conductor 10 L with the distal ends of the helical conductors 10 A- 10 B in such a way that the elements of one pair 10 B, 10 D are longer than those of the other pair 10 A, 10 C.
  • the proximal edge 10 LP is a little nearer the proximal surface portion 12 P of the core than where the longer antenna elements 10 B, 10 D are connected to the linking conductor 10 L.
  • the conductive loops are of different lengths. This has the effect of creating a mode of resonance for circularly polarised radiation emanating from a source on the antenna axis, in which the current on each helical track 10 A, 10 B, 10 C, 10 D is 90° out of phase with the current on the neighbouring helical track.
  • the antenna exhibits a “quadrifilar” mode of resonance similar to that of known quadrifilar helical antennas.
  • each conductive loop referred to above is approximately a half wavelength at the operation frequency of the antenna, which means that voltage maxima occur at or near the feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B.
  • Current maxima for each loop occur on the linking conductor 10 L approximately midway between the respective connections thereto of the relevant helical elements 10 A, 10 C; 10 B, 10 D (these connections being diametrically opposed on the linking conductor 10 L).
  • the precise location of the voltage maxima at the operation frequency depends on, inter alia, the lengths of the feeder tracks 22 A, 22 B which form parts of the resonant loops.
  • the presence of voltage maxima at or near the feed connection nodes, as described, implies that the source impedance represented by the antenna 10 in the quadrifilar mode of resonance is comparatively high, typically in the order of several kilohms. Owing to the substantially symmetrical nature of the conductive elements forming the conductive loops, the voltage output of the antenna is a balanced output. To match this high-impedance balanced output characteristic of the antenna, the amplifier contained in the integrated circuit chip 16 is a high input impedance differential amplifier having, as its input stage, a long-tailed pair of transistors 30 A, 30 B, as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the transistors forming the long-tailed pair are CMOS field-effect transistors which, in a conventional way, have equal drain resistances 32 A, 32 B and interconnected source terminals coupled to a constant current source 34 .
  • the differential input terminals of the circuit 20 A, 20 B are connected to respective gate terminals of the transistors 30 A, 30 B and a single-ended output 36 is taken from one of the drain terminals.
  • the differential amplifier therefore acts as a balun.
  • the printed circuit layout shown in FIG. 2 is also a simplified representation. It will be understood that, in practice, the board 14 has additional printed tracks for connection to the other terminals of the integrated circuit 16 and, typically, has a ground plane covering much of the reverse face 14 B. Depending on the nature of the equipment within which the antenna assembly is incorporated, a conductive enclosure may be mounted to the top face 14 A of the board 14 A as a screen to minimise coupling between the feeder tracks 22 A, 22 B and sources of interference within the equipment. This is especially desirable if good common-mode isolation of the antenna is required.
  • the preferred core material is a zirconium-tin-titananate based ceramic material. This material has a relative dielectric constant of 36 and is noted, also, for its dimensional and electrical stability with varying temperature. Its dielectric loss is negligible.
  • the core may be produced by extrusion or pressing.
  • the antenna may have other features in common with the antennas disclosed in the above-mentioned prior British patents, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated in the present application by reference.
  • the diameter of the core of the antenna in this first preferred embodiment is 10 mm, the quadrifilar resonant frequency being 1575.42 MHz, i.e. the centre frequency of the GPS L1 band.
  • the securing of the printed circuit board 14 to the antenna 14 with the distal edge 14 D of the board abutting the proximal end face of the antenna may be supplemented by an insulative collar (not shown).
  • This collar may be made, as known, from plastics material having a low relative dielectric constant.
  • the collar encircles a proximal end portion of the core and has proximally extended jaws which receive the printed circuit board 14 therebetween.
  • a second antenna assembly in accordance with the invention has a backfire antenna 10 with four substantially uniformly distributed helical radiating elements 10 A- 10 D, as in the first embodiment of the invention.
  • feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B are provided in the central region of the distal surface portion 12 D of the core 12 .
  • These nodes 18 A, 18 B are provided at the interconnections of, respectively, radial tracks 10 AR, 10 BR of a first pair and radial tracks 10 CR, 10 DR of a second pair, plated on the distal surface portion 12 D.
  • each helical element 10 A- 10 D has one end coupled to a respective radial conductor 10 AR- 10 DR and another, opposite end coupled to an annular linking conductor 10 L which, in this embodiment, encircles the core 12 adjacent to but spaced from the proximal surface portion 12 P.
  • the core 12 has an axial bore 12 B forming a passage which houses a parallel-pair feed structure in the form of a narrow, elongate printed circuit board 38 having a first track 38 A (not visible in FIGS. 4 and 5 ) on one face and a second track 38 B on the other face.
  • These feeder tracks extend centrally on each respective face of the board 38 so as to be parallel to each other through the whole length of the bore 12 B.
  • each track 38 A, 38 B is looped over in a “hockey-stick” configuration on a projecting distal end portion of the feeder board 38 to form a soldered connection with a respective one of the feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B.
  • the feeder board 38 is oriented so to be axially located and rotationally positioned with the radial tracks of each pair 10 AR, 10 BR; 10 CR, 10 DR extending symmetrically on either side of the board, the board having lateral extensions which overlap the plated feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B.
  • the feeder board 38 has a proximally projecting portion 38 P which abuts a major face 14 A of a printed circuit amplifier board 14 .
  • the board 14 bears a differential amplifier integrated circuit 16 .
  • the amplifier printed circuit board 14 although lying parallel to the axis of the antenna 10 , is offset a little to one side.
  • the distal edge 14 D abuts or lies adjacent the proximal core surface portion 12 P and may be secured by means of an insulative plastics collar as described above.
  • the amplifier board 14 has symmetrically arranged feeder tracks 22 A, 22 B soldered to differential input terminals 20 A, 20 B of the integrated circuit 16 .
  • the side edges of the proximal portion 38 P of the feeder board 38 has plated recesses 40 A, 40 B on opposite side edges, the plating being connected respectively to the parallel pair conductors (only one of which, 38 B, is shown), the arcuate plated surface of each recess 40 A, 40 B being connected to one of the feeder tracks 22 A, 22 B. It is in this way that the feeder board 38 and the amplifier board tracks 22 A, 22 B connect the plated tracks 10 A- 10 D, 10 AR- 10 DR on the core 12 to the differential input terminals 20 A, 20 B of the printed circuit chip 16 .
  • the combination of the plated tracks and the feeder conductors form two conductive loops with resonant properties similar to those described with reference to the first embodiment.
  • the linking conductor 10 L has a non-planar edge 10 LD in order that the helical elements are of different lengths, thereby yielding a “quadrifilar” resonance for circularly polarised radiation directed along the axis of the antenna.
  • the differential amplifier may be mounted in a recess or cavity (not shown in the drawings) in the proximal end portion of the antenna.
  • An antenna having a core with a suitable proximally directed cavity is disclosed in the applicant's British Patent Application No. 2420230.
  • the cavity is of circular cross-section and coaxial with the cylindrical outer surface of the core.
  • the antenna assembly embodiments described above include a differential amplifier integrated circuit or receiver-on-chip integrated circuit mounted close to the antenna core.
  • Other assemblies are possible within the scope of the invention.
  • an interface may be provided in the form of an integrated or monolithic surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter element having a balanced high-impedance (typically 600 ohms). Such elements are available with a balanced output.
  • SAW filter element with a single-ended output may be used, for feeding a single-ended RF amplifier.
  • the frequency response of the filter is typically selected so as to reject the image frequency of the first mixer in the downstream RF circuitry.
  • a differential amplifier RF front-end stage i.e. on a printed circuit board mounted to the proximal end portion of the antenna core.
  • This may form part of an assembly which projects axially from the proximal end portion, or which is housed in a proximally directed cavity in the core.
  • a third antenna assembly in accordance with the invention has a dielectrically-loaded bifilar antenna, as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • an endfire bifilar antenna has a single pair of laterally opposed quarter-turn helical elements 10 A, 10 B and respective radial conductors 10 AR, 10 BR plated on the proximal surface portion 12 P of the core 12 .
  • a linking conductor 10 L encircling the core 12 plated as an annular track on the cylindrical surface portion 12 S at a location close to but spaced from a distal surface portion 12 D of the core 12 .
  • Respective feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B are provided as plated pads in a central region of the proximal surface portion 12 P. It will be seen that the combination of the helical elements 10 A, 10 B, the respective connected radial conductors 10 AR, 10 BR, and the conductor 10 L linking the other ends of the helical elements 10 A, 10 B together form a conductive loop providing a balanced feed at the feed connection nodes 18 A, 18 B.
  • the conductive loop whether formed by one semicircular portion of the linking conductor 10 L interconnecting the helical elements 10 A, 10 B or the other semicircular portion, has an electrical length in the region of a half wavelength at an operating frequency of the antenna.
  • Connections to a printed circuit board 14 bearing a differential amplifier 16 are made in the manner described above with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • This bifilar antenna has a generally toroidal radiation pattern similar to that shown in British Patent No. 2309592, with nulls directed substantially transversely with respect to the antenna axis and the radial conductors 10 AR, 10 BR.
  • the dielectrically-loaded helical antenna 10 is mounted upon a major face 114 A of a printed circuit board 114 of a communication device.
  • the antenna 10 is coupled to a surface-mounted VLSI integrated receiver circuit 116 which is also secured to the major face 114 A of the board 114 , feeder tracks 122 A, 122 B being plated on the board face 114 A to interconnect feed connection nodes 118 A, 118 B associated with the antenna to input terminals 120 A, 120 B of the chip 116 .
  • the antenna 10 is a quadrifilar endfire antenna similar to that described above with reference to FIG.
  • the radial conductors connected to the helical elements 10 A- 10 D are formed as radial tracks 110 AR, 110 BR, 110 CR, 10 DR plated on the upper face 114 A of the printed circuit board 114 , as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • One pair of these radial tracks 110 AR, 110 BR is interconnected in a central region in registry with the axis of the antenna 10 to form a first feed connection node 118 A.
  • the other pair 110 CR, 110 DR is interconnected to form a second feed connection node 118 B in the central region.
  • Each of these nodes 118 A, 118 B is connected respectively to one of the feeder tracks 122 A, 122 B which extend as a parallel pair feeder from the central region to the input terminals 120 A, 120 B of the integrated receiver chip 16 .
  • the helical elements of the antenna 10 are quarter-turn elements.
  • the conductive loops formed by the feeder tracks 122 A, 122 B, the radial conductors 110 AR- 110 DR, the helical elements 10 A- 10 D, and the linking conductor 10 L form half wave loops at the operating frequency, the assembly exhibiting a quadrifilar resonant mode as hereinbefore described.
  • Connections between the helical elements 10 A- 10 D and the respective radiating tracks 110 AR- 110 DR may be made by conductive angle brackets (not shown) soldered to outer end portions of the radiating tracks that project beyond the periphery of the antenna 10 and to proximal end portions 10 AP- 10 DP of the helical elements 10 A- 10 D.
  • the integrated receiver chip 116 contains a differential amplifier input stage having a configuration shown in simplified form in FIG. 3 .
  • the chip 116 also contains most significant stages of a GPS receiver, including digital signal processing stages, using CMOS technology.
  • the differential amplifier input stage presents a balanced high-impedance load matching the high source impedance of the combination of the antenna and the conductor pattern beneath the antenna on the printed circuit board face 114 A.
  • the antenna 10 is mounted with its proximal end face abutting the major surface of a printed circuit board 14 bearing the integrated receiver chip 116 , is also possible to mount such a chip on a printed circuit board carrying an edge-mounted antenna, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a fifth antenna assembly in accordance with the invention has the integrated receiver chip mounted on the reverse face 114 B of the equipment printed circuit board 114 .
  • the radial tracks connecting the helical elements 10 A- 10 D to the feed connection nodes are formed either on the proximal end face of the antenna as in the embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 1 , or on the upper face 114 A of the printed circuit board 114 , as described above with reference to FIG. 8 .
  • Mounting the integrated receiver chip on the reverse face 114 B of the printed circuit board 114 allows significantly shorter feeder tracks 122 A, 122 B.
  • connections to the feed connection nodes are made by pins 118 AP, 118 BP housed in through-holes at the ends of the feeder tracks 112 A, 112 B, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the pins 118 AP and 118 BP may be inserted and soldered in plated blind holes in the proximal surface portion of the antenna core to form first connections to radial conductive tracks such as tracks 10 AR- 10 DR in the quadrifilar antenna of FIG. 1 on the bifilar antenna of FIG. 6 .
  • the antenna 10 is then offered up to the upper face of the amplifier board 114 and the pins are pushed into the through-holes and then soldered to the feeder tracks 122 A, 122 B.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
US11/998,471 2006-11-28 2007-11-28 Dielectrically loaded antenna and an antenna assembly Active 2031-05-28 US8497815B2 (en)

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US11/998,471 US8497815B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2007-11-28 Dielectrically loaded antenna and an antenna assembly
US12/584,679 US8692734B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2009-09-09 Dielectrically loaded antenna and an antenna assembly

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GBGB0623774.7A GB0623774D0 (en) 2006-11-28 2006-11-28 An Antenna Assembly Including a Dielectrically Loaded Antenna
GB06237747.7 2006-11-28
US86184506P 2006-11-29 2006-11-29
US11/998,471 US8497815B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2007-11-28 Dielectrically loaded antenna and an antenna assembly

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JP6906863B2 (ja) * 2017-10-03 2021-07-21 日本アンテナ株式会社 円偏波アンテナおよびダイバーシティ通信システム
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BRPI0719600A2 (pt) 2013-12-10
KR20090088918A (ko) 2009-08-20
US20100164834A1 (en) 2010-07-01
CN101573835A (zh) 2009-11-04
JP5172857B2 (ja) 2013-03-27
CA2668577A1 (en) 2008-06-05
US8692734B2 (en) 2014-04-08
AU2007327088A2 (en) 2009-08-06
GB2444388A (en) 2008-06-04
AU2007327088A1 (en) 2008-06-05
MX2009005620A (es) 2009-06-08
WO2008065376A9 (en) 2009-08-13
GB0723236D0 (en) 2008-01-09
TWI448002B (zh) 2014-08-01
TW200824187A (en) 2008-06-01
GB2444388B (en) 2011-08-10
JP2010511339A (ja) 2010-04-08
GB0623774D0 (en) 2007-01-10
KR101442531B1 (ko) 2014-09-19
US20080136738A1 (en) 2008-06-12
WO2008065376A1 (en) 2008-06-05
EP2097948A1 (en) 2009-09-09

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