US7288687B1 - Integrated process for aromatics production - Google Patents
Integrated process for aromatics production Download PDFInfo
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- US7288687B1 US7288687B1 US11/436,442 US43644206A US7288687B1 US 7288687 B1 US7288687 B1 US 7288687B1 US 43644206 A US43644206 A US 43644206A US 7288687 B1 US7288687 B1 US 7288687B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
- C10G35/06—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
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- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/02—Monocyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C15/067—C8H10 hydrocarbons
- C07C15/08—Xylenes
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- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/13—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation with simultaneous isomerisation
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
- C07C5/2729—Changing the branching point of an open chain or the point of substitution on a ring
- C07C5/2732—Catalytic processes
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C6/126—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring of more than one hydrocarbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G59/00—Treatment of naphtha by two or more reforming processes only or by at least one reforming process and at least one process which does not substantially change the boiling range of the naphtha
- C10G59/02—Treatment of naphtha by two or more reforming processes only or by at least one reforming process and at least one process which does not substantially change the boiling range of the naphtha plural serial stages only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G63/00—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G63/00—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G63/02—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G63/00—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G63/06—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process plural parallel stages only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/08—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of reforming naphtha
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
- C07C2529/20—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
- C07C2529/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- This invention relates to an aromatics complex flow scheme, which is a combination of process units that can be used to convert naphtha into basic petrochemical intermediates of benzene, toluene, and xylene.
- the improved flow scheme Based on a metal catalyzed transalkylation process that handles unextracted toluene and heavier aromatics and an olefin saturation process, the improved flow scheme removes items of equipment and processing steps, such as a deheptanizer column, resulting in significant economic benefits when producing para-xylene.
- the improved flow scheme improves the efficiency of the isomerization unit through the addition of a stream rich in C 7 and C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- aromatics complexes are designed to maximize the yield of benzene and para-xylene.
- Benzene is a versatile petrochemical building block used in many different products based on its derivation including ethylbenzene, cumene, and cyclohexane.
- Para-xylene is also an important building block, which is used almost exclusively for the production of polyester fibers, resins, and films formed via terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate intermediates.
- an aromatics complex may be configured in many different ways depending on the desired products, available feedstocks, and investment capital available. A wide range of options permits flexibility in varying the product slate balance of benzene and para-xylene to meet downstream processing requirements.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,996,305 to Berger discloses a fractionation scheme primarily directed to transalkylation of toluene and C 9 alkylaromatics in order to produce benzene and xylene.
- the transalkylation process is also combined with an aromatics extraction process.
- the fractionation scheme includes a single column with two streams entering and with three streams exiting the column for integrated economic benefits.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,914 to Berger discloses a transalkylation process with recycle of C 10 alkylaromatics in order to increase yield of xylenes from the process.
- the transalkylation process is also preferably integrated with a para-xylene separation zone and a xylene isomerization zone operated as a continuous loop receiving mixed xylenes from the transalkylation zone feedstock and effluent fractionation zones.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,642,406 to Schmidt discloses a high severity process for xylene production that employs a transalkylation zone that simultaneously performs as an isomerization zone over a nonmetal catalyst.
- High quality benzene is produced along with a mixture of xylenes, which allows para-xylene to be separated by absorptive separation from the mixture with the isomer-depleted stream being passed back to the transalkylation zone.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,844 to Boitiaux et al. discloses a process for the selective dehydrogenation of olefins in steam cracking petrol in the presence of a nickel catalyst and is characterized in that prior to the use of the catalyst, a sulfur-containing organic compound is incorporated into the catalyst outside of the reactor prior to use.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,453 to Russ et al. discloses an integrated reforming and olefin saturation process.
- the olefin saturation reaction uses a mixed vapor phase with addition of hydrogen gas to a reformate liquid in contact with a refractory inorganic oxide containing preferably a platinum-group metal and optionally a metal modifier.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,720 to Buchanan et al. discloses a transalkylation process for producing benzene and xylenes by contacting a C 9 + alkylaromatics with benzene and/or toluene over a catalyst comprising a zeolite such as ZSM-12 and a hydrogenation noble metal such as platinum. Sulfur or stream is used to treat the catalyst.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,847,256 to Ichioka et al. discloses a process for producing xylene from a feedstock containing C 9 alkylaromatics with the aid of a catalyst with a zeolite that is preferably mordenite and with a metal that is preferably rhenium.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,740,788 discloses an aromatics complex flow scheme which, as compared to a traditional complex, removes items of equipment and processing steps such as a reformate splitter column and a heavy aromatics column.
- the present invention provides an aromatics complex flow scheme arranged and operated so that a traditional deheptanizer column in the xylenes recovery section may be eliminated. With this invention, capital costs are reduced, operating costs are reduced, and the yield of C 8 aromatics is improved. Furthermore, the efficiency of the isomerization unit is increased through the addition of a stream rich in C 7 and C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- An aromatics complex flow scheme having a reformate splitter fractionation zone operated so that toluene and lighter materials are removed in an overhead which is substantially free of C 4 and lighter hydrocarbons and gasses, and which allows for the recycle of an entire isomerization unit effluent to the reformate splitter fractionation zone without passing the effluent though a deheptanizer column.
- Introducing a stream rich in C 7 and C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons to the isomerization unit allows the unit to operate more efficiently and at a lower temperature. Some of the aliphatic hydrocarbons are converted to lighter aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics thereby increasing the overall yield of the process.
- Another embodiment of the present invention comprises an apparatus that is based on the process steps, which efficiently converts naphtha into para-xylene.
- the FIGURE shows an aromatics complex flow scheme of the present invention, which includes operating the reformate splitter fractionation zone to generate an overhead stream containing toluene and lighter components and a bottoms stream containing xylenes and heavier components.
- a stream rich in C 7 and C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons separated by extractive distillation from the reformate splitter fractionation zone overhead is recycled to the isomerization unit.
- the aromatics complex of the present invention does not include a deheptanizer column.
- Feed to the complex may be naphtha, but can also be pygas, imported mixed xylene, or imported toluene.
- Naphtha fed to an aromatics complex is first hydrotreated to remove sulfur and nitrogen compounds to less than about 0.5 wt-ppm before passing the treated naphtha on to a reforming unit 13 .
- Naphtha hydrotreating occurs by contacting naphtha in a line 10 with a naphtha hydrotreating catalyst under naphtha hydrotreating conditions in a unit 11 .
- the naphtha hydrotreating catalyst is typically composed of a first component of cobalt oxide or nickel oxide, along with a second component of molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide, and a third component inorganic oxide support, which is typically a high purity alumina.
- alumina or aluminum oxide is set to balance the composition of the naphtha hydrotreating catalyst to sum all components up to 100 wt-%.
- Typical hydrotreating conditions include a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) from about 1.0 to about 5.0 hr ⁇ 1 , a ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon (or naphtha feedstock) from about 50 to about 135 Nm 3 /m 3 , and a pressure from about 10 to about 35 kg/cm 2 .
- LHSV liquid hourly space velocity
- paraffins and naphthenes are converted to aromatics. This is the only unit in the complex that actually creates aromatic rings. The other units in the complex separate the various aromatic components into individual products and convert various aromatic species into higher-value products.
- the reforming unit 13 is usually designed to run at very high severity, equivalent to producing about 100 to about 106 Research Octane Number (RONC) gasoline reformate, in order to maximize the production of aromatics. This high severity operation yields very low non-aromatic impurities in the C 8 + fraction of reformate, and eliminates the need for extraction of the C 8 and C 9 aromatics.
- RONC Research Octane Number
- hydrotreated naphtha from a line 12 is contacted with a reforming catalyst under reforming conditions.
- the reforming catalyst is typically composed of a first component platinum-group metal, a second component modifier metal, and a third component inorganic-oxide support, which is typically high purity alumina.
- alumina is set to balance the composition of the naphtha hydrotreating catalyst to sum all components up to 100 wt-%.
- the platinum-group metal is selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium.
- the preferred platinum-group metal component is platinum.
- the metal modifiers may include rhenium, tin, germanium, lead, cobalt, nickel, indium, gallium, zinc, uranium, dysprosium, thallium, and mixtures thereof.
- One reforming catalyst for use in the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,223, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Typical reforming conditions include a liquid hourly space velocity from about 1.0 to about 5.0 hr ⁇ 1 , a ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon from about 1 to about 10 moles of hydrogen per mole of hydrocarbon feed entering the reforming zone, and a pressure from about 2.5 to about 35 kg/cm 2 .
- Hydrogen produced in the reforming unit 13 exits in a line 14 .
- a debutanizer is part of the reforming unit and the debutanizer is operated to separate and remove gases and C 4 and lighter hydrocarbons. Therefore the reformate will be substantially free of gases and C 4 and lighter hydrocarbons.
- the term “substantially free” is meant herein to define the stream as containing no greater than 5 mass-% of gases and C 4 and lighter hydrocarbons and preferably no greater than 1 mass-% of gases and C 4 and lighter hydrocarbons.
- An optional clay treater may be used to treat residual olefin contaminants.
- olefins will be polymerized, often to C 11 +, which is removed downstream in the aromatics complex.
- the reformate comprising aromatics, non-aromatics, and which is substantially free of gases and C 4 and lighter hydrocarbons in a line 9 is combined with an ethylbenzene dealkylation and isomerization unit effluent in a line 18 and sent to a reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 via a line 19 .
- the reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 generally comprises at least one fractionation column.
- the reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 produces a toluene and lighter fraction which contains toluene and benzene, and lighter hydrocarbons including C 8 , C 7 , and lighter aliphatic hydrocarbons in a line 21 and a xylenes-plus-enriched fraction which contains xylenes, heavier aromatics and C 9 and heavier aliphatic hydrocarbons in a line 22 .
- the xylene-plus-enriched stream in line 22 from the bottom of the reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 is sent to a xylene recovery section 55 (described below) of the aromatics complex.
- Line 21 containing toluene and lighter hydrocarbon is sent to a main distillation column 27 of an aromatic extraction zone which produces a benzene and toluene product stream in bottoms stream 29 ; rejects a by-product raffinate stream in a line 28 ; and produces a C 7 -C 8 aliphatic stream in line 61 .
- the raffinate stream comprising contaminates that are lighter than or co-boiling with benzene may be blended into gasoline, used as feedstock for an ethylene plant, or converted into additional benzene by recycling to the reforming unit 13 .
- the use of extractive distillation instead of liquid-liquid extraction or combined liquid-liquid extraction/extractive distillation processes may result in an economic improvement. However, liquid-liquid extraction is a suitable alternative.
- Extractive distillation is a technique for separating mixtures of components having nearly equal volatility and having nearly the same boiling point. It is difficult to separate the components of such mixtures by conventional fractional distillation.
- a solvent is introduced into a main distillation column above the entry point of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid mixture that is to be separated. The solvent affects the volatility of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid component boiling at a higher temperature differently than the hydrocarbon-containing fluid component boiling at a lower temperature sufficiently to facilitate the separation of the various hydrocarbon-containing fluid components by distillation and such solvent exits with the bottoms fraction.
- Suitable solvents include tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (or sulfolane), diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or tetraethylene glycol.
- the raffinate stream in line 28 comprising nonaromatic compounds exits overhead of the main distillation column, while the bottoms fraction containing solvent and benzene exits below. Often the raffinate will be sent to a wash column (not shown) in order to be contacted with a wash fluid such as water and thus remove any residual dissolved solvent.
- the side-cut C 7 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbon stream in line 61 may be passed through a trace solvent removal zone 62 in order to remove residual dissolved solvent.
- the substantially solvent free stream in line 63 is introduced to an isomerization unit 51 , discussed in detail below.
- the substantially solvent free stream contains no more than 10 ppm solvent and preferably no more than 1 ppm solvent.
- the trace solvent removal zone 62 is a wash column and in another embodiment of the invention the trace solvent removal zone 62 is a water wash column.
- the extractive distillation zone may contain two or more columns with a main extractive distillation column as described above and one or more fractional distillation columns.
- the overhead from the extractive distillation column would contain the non-aromatic hydrocarbons including the C 7 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons that were removed in a side-cut stream in the embodiment described in the previous paragraph.
- a solvent removal unit (not shown) may be used to separate and recycle any solvent in the overhead stream.
- a fractional distillation column (not shown) would be used to separate at least some of the C 7 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons from other non-aromatic hydrocarbons and the separated C 7 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons would be conducted to an isomerization zone as discussed below.
- the bottoms stream 29 from the main distillation column 27 is sent to a solvent recovery column 64 , where benzene and toluene is recovered in overhead line 65 and the solvent is recovered in bottoms 68 which is passed back to the main distillation column 27 .
- the recovery of high purity benzene and toluene in the overhead line 65 from extractive-distillation and solvent recovery typically exceeds 99 wt-%.
- Water may be removed from the high purity benzene in overhead line 65 using a benzene dryer column 56 to produce a dry benzene product stream 57 . Water is removed from benzene dryer column 56 in line 67 . Toluene is also separated from benzene in benzene dryer column 56 .
- the toluene is removed in line 66 . Toluene in line 66 is recycled to transalkylation unit 36 or is combined with line 6 for recycle to transalkylation unit 36 to form additional xylenes.
- the toluene overhead from toluene column 8 is passed to transalkylation unit 36 via line 6 .
- the toluene in line 6 Before being introduced into transalkylation unit 36 , the toluene in line 6 is usually combined with a stream rich in C 9 and C 10 alkylaromatics in a line 41 produced by a heavy aromatics column 3 and charged via a line 34 to the transalkylation unit 36 for production of additional xylenes and benzene.
- the toluene in line 66 from benzene dryer column 56 may be combined with line 6 .
- each of lines 6 , 66 , and line 41 can be independently introduced into transalkylation unit 36 without first being combined.
- transalkylation unit 36 the feed is contacted with a transalkylation catalyst under transalkylation conditions.
- the preferred catalyst is a metal stabilized transalkylation catalyst.
- Such catalyst comprises a zeolite component, a metal component, and an inorganic oxide component.
- the zeolite component typically is either a pentasil zeolite, which include the structures of MFI, MEL, MTW, MTT and FER (IUPAC Commission on Zeolite Nomenclature), a beta zeolite, or a mordenite. Preferably it is mordenite zeolite.
- the metal component typically is a noble metal or base metal.
- the noble metal is a platinum-group metal is selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium.
- the base metal is selected from the group consisting of rhenium, tin, germanium, lead, cobalt, nickel, indium, gallium, zinc, uranium, dysprosium, thallium, and mixtures thereof.
- the base metal may be combined with another base metal, or with a noble metal.
- the metal component comprises rhenium.
- Suitable metal amounts in the transalkylation catalyst range from about 0.01 to about 10 wt-%, with the range from about 0.1 to about 3 wt-% being preferred, and the range from about 0.1 to about 1 wt-% being highly preferred.
- Suitable zeolite amounts in the catalyst range from about 1 to about 99 wt-%, preferably between about 10 to about 90 wt-%, and more preferably between about 25 to about 75 wt-%.
- the balance of the catalyst is composed of inorganic oxide binder, preferably alumina.
- Conditions employed in the transalkylation unit normally include a temperature of from about 200° to about 540° C.
- the transalkylation zone is operated at moderately elevated pressures broadly ranging from about 1 to about 60 kg/cm 2 .
- the transalkylation reaction can be effected over a wide range of space velocities, with higher space velocities effecting a higher ratio of para-xylene at the expense of conversion.
- Liquid hourly space velocity generally is in the range of from about 0.1 to about 20 hr ⁇ 1 .
- the feedstock is preferably transalkylated in the vapor phase and in the presence of hydrogen supplied via a line 35 . If transalkylated in the liquid phase, then the presence of hydrogen is optional.
- free hydrogen is associated with the feedstock and recycled hydrocarbons in an amount of about 0.1 moles per mole of alkylaromatics up to about 10 moles per mole of alkylaromatic. This ratio of hydrogen to alkylaromatic is also referred to as hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio.
- the effluent from the transalkylation unit 36 is sent to the transalkylation stripper fractionation zone 52 through line 17 .
- transalkylation stripper fractionation zone 52 the LPG and gasses are removed via line 2 with the benzene, toluene, and heavier hydrocarbons being conducted from transalkylation stripper fractionation zone 52 in line 1 .
- Line 1 is combined with line 66 from benzene dryer column 56 , and the combination is introduced into toluene column 8 .
- the streams may be introduced to toluene column 8 independently. In general, in embodiments were streams are being combined prior to being introduced into units of the process it is also acceptable for the streams to be individually introduced into the units without being combined.
- the xylene recovery section 55 of the aromatics complex comprises at least one xylene column 39 , and generally will further include a process unit for separation of at least one xylene isomer, which is typically the para-xylene product from the aromatics complex.
- a para-xylene separation zone 43 is operated in conjunction with an isomerization unit 51 for isomerization of the remaining alkylaromatic compounds back to an equilibrium or near equilibrium mixture containing para-xylene, which can be recycled for further recovery in a loop-wise fashion. Accordingly, the xylene-plus-enriched stream in line 22 from the reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 is charged to xylene column 39 .
- the xylene column 39 is designed to conduct an overhead feed stream in line 40 to the para-xylene separation zone 43 the overhead feed stream having very low levels of C 9 alkylaromatics (A 9 ) concentration.
- a 9 compounds may build up in a desorbent circulation loop within the para-xylene separation zone 43 , so it is more efficient to remove this material upstream in xylene column 39 .
- the overhead feed stream in line 40 from the xylene column 39 is charged directly to the para-xylene separation zone 43 .
- Material from the lower part of the xylene column 39 is withdrawn as a bottoms stream which is rich in both C 11 + materials and in C 9 and C 10 alkylaromatics via the line 38 .
- the mixture of C 11 + materials and C 9 and C 10 alkyl aromatics in line 38 is introduced into heavy aromatics column 3 where an overhead stream rich in C 9 and C 10 alkyl aromatics line 41 is separated from a bottoms stream rich in C 11 + materials 42 .
- the overhead stream rich in C 9 and C 10 alkyl aromatics sent to the transalkylation zone 36 for production of additional xylenes and benzene.
- the xylene column is designed to make a split between meta- and ortho-xylene and drop a targeted amount of ortho-xylene to the bottoms.
- the xylene column bottoms are then sent to an ortho-xylene column (not shown) where high purity ortho-xylene product is recovered overhead.
- Material from the bottom of the ortho-xylene column is withdrawn as a stream rich in C 9 and C 10 alkylaromatics and C 11 + material and is passed to heavy aromatics column 3 as discussed above.
- the para-xylene separation zone 43 may be based on a fractional crystallization process or an adsorptive separation process, both of which are well known in the art, and preferably is based on the adsorptive separation process.
- Such adsorptive separation can recover highly pure para-xylene in a line 44 at high recovery per pass. Any residual toluene in the feed to the separation unit is extracted along with the para-xylene, fractionated out in a finishing column 58 , and then optionally recycled to the transalkylation unit 36 via line 59 .
- finishing column 58 allows for optimization and flexibility in operating the xylene column 39 since any toluene in the overhead from the xylene column would be removed from the para-xylene product in the finishing column 58 and recycled to the transalkylation unit 36 .
- Very high purity para-xylene product as high as greater than 99 wt-% pure para-xylene, is removed from the process in line 60 .
- the raffinate 45 from the para-xylene separation zone 43 is almost entirely depleted of para-xylene, to a level usually of less than 1 wt-%. Hydrogen and the raffinate 45 is sent to the alkylaromatic isomerization unit 51 , where additional para-xylene is produced by reestablishing an equilibrium or near-equilibrium distribution of xylene isomers. Any ethyl benzene in the para-xylene separation unit raffinate 45 is either converted to additional xylenes, transalkylated to a C 9 aromatic, or converted to benzene by dealkylation, depending upon the type of isomerization catalyst used.
- C 7 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons are also introduced into isomerization unit 51 . Since C 7 and C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons are intermediates in the conversion of ethyl benzene to xylenes, the presence of the C 7 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons in the reaction mixture allows for the conversion of any ethyl benzene to xylene to happen more rapidly. The C 7 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbons further allow for the unit to be successfully operated at a lower temperature.
- the raffinate 45 is contacted with an isomerization catalyst under isomerization conditions.
- the isomerization catalyst is typically composed of a molecular sieve component, a metal component, and an inorganic oxide component. Selection of the molecular sieve component allows control over the catalyst performance between ethylbenzene isomerization and ethylbenzene dealkylation depending on overall demand for benzene. Consequently, the molecular sieve may be either a zeolitic aluminosilicate or a non-zeolitic molecular sieve.
- the zeolitic aluminosilicate (or zeolite) component typically is either a pentasil zeolite, which include the structures of MFI, MEL, MTW, MTT and FER (IUPAC Commission on Zeolite Nomenclature), a beta zeolite, or a mordenite.
- the non-zeolitic molecular sieve is typically one or more of the AEL framework types, especially SAPO-11, or one or more of the ATO framework types, especially MAPSO-31, according to the “Atlas of Zeolite Structure Types” (Butterworth-Heineman, Boston, Mass., 3rd ed. 1992).
- the metal component typically is a noble metal component, and may include an optional base metal modifier component in addition to the noble metal or in place of the noble metal.
- the noble metal is a platinum-group metal is selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium.
- the base metal is selected from the group consisting of rhenium, tin, germanium, lead, cobalt, nickel, indium, gallium, zinc, uranium, dysprosium, thallium, and mixtures thereof.
- the base metal may be combined with another base metal, or with a noble metal.
- Suitable total metal amounts in the isomerization catalyst range from about 0.01 to about 10 wt-%, with the range from about 0.1 to about 3 wt-% preferred.
- Suitable zeolite amounts in the catalyst range from about 1 to about 99 wt-%, preferably between about 10 to about 90 wt-%, and more preferably between about 25 to about 75 wt-%.
- the balance of the catalyst is composed of inorganic oxide binder, typically alumina.
- Typical isomerization conditions include a temperature in the range from about 0° to about 600° C. and a pressure from atmospheric to about 50 kg/cm 2 .
- the liquid hourly hydrocarbon space velocity of the feedstock relative to the volume of catalyst is from about 0.1 to about 30 hr ⁇ 1 .
- the hydrocarbon contacts the catalyst in admixture with a gaseous hydrogen-containing stream in a line 46 at a hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon mole ratio of from about 0.5:1 to 15:1 or more, and preferably a ratio of from about 0.5 to 10. If liquid phase conditions are used for isomerization, then no hydrogen is added to the unit.
- the effluent from the isomerization unit 51 containing at least a mixture of xylenes is sent via a line 18 to the reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 .
- the entire effluent of the isomerization unit may be passed to the reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 thereby saving substantial capital costs and ongoing utilities costs.
- the C 7 -minus hydrocarbons that would have been removed from the xylenes in an overhead of a deheptanizer column are instead passed to the reformate splitter fractionation zone 54 and separated from the xylenes there.
- the aromatics complex of the present invention displays excellent economic benefits. These improvements result in an aromatics complex with savings in capital costs and operating costs, and an improvement on the return on investment in such a complex.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
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Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/436,442 US7288687B1 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Integrated process for aromatics production |
PCT/US2007/068838 WO2007137017A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | Integrated process for aromatics production |
EP07762151A EP2024311A4 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AROMATICS |
JP2009511188A JP5156006B2 (ja) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | 芳香族化合物を製造するための統合法 |
MX2008014693A MX2008014693A (es) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | Proceso integrado para la produccion de aromaticos. |
BRPI0711657-8A BRPI0711657A2 (pt) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | processo para isomerizar xilenos |
CN2007800228497A CN101472865B (zh) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | 用于芳香化合物生产的联合方法 |
MYPI20084630A MY140047A (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | Integrated process for aromatics production |
KR1020087030849A KR101068168B1 (ko) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | 방향족 화합물의 생산을 위한 통합 방법 |
RU2008149956/04A RU2413712C2 (ru) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-14 | Комплексный способ получения ароматических углеводородов |
TW096117595A TWI336693B (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-17 | Integrated process for aromatics production |
ARP070102124A AR060966A1 (es) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-05-17 | Proceso integrado para la produccion de compuestos aromaticos |
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US11/436,442 US7288687B1 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Integrated process for aromatics production |
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US7288687B1 true US7288687B1 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
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US11/436,442 Active US7288687B1 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Integrated process for aromatics production |
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US (1) | US7288687B1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2024311A4 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5156006B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101068168B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN101472865B (ko) |
AR (1) | AR060966A1 (ko) |
BR (1) | BRPI0711657A2 (ko) |
MX (1) | MX2008014693A (ko) |
MY (1) | MY140047A (ko) |
RU (1) | RU2413712C2 (ko) |
TW (1) | TWI336693B (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2007137017A1 (ko) |
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WO2008094255A1 (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2008-08-07 | Uop Llc | Integrated apparatus for aromatics production |
US20120289677A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-15 | Uop, Llc | Process for alkylating benzene |
US8822747B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2014-09-02 | Uop Llc | Combined xylene isomerization and transalkylation process unit |
US8921633B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2014-12-30 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes and light olefins |
US8937205B2 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2015-01-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes |
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US20150166436A1 (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-18 | Uop Llc | Processes and apparatuses for preparing aromatic compounds |
US9181146B2 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2015-11-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes and light olefins |
US9181147B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2015-11-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes and light olefins |
WO2018129005A1 (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2018-07-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for the production of benzene and xylenes from heavy aromatics |
US10071939B2 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2018-09-11 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Combined heavy reformate dealkylation-transalkylation process for maximizing xylenes production |
CN109251121A (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-22 | Ifp 新能源公司 | 不含甲苯塔的由重整油生产苯的新工艺流程 |
US10252958B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2019-04-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for xylene production with energy optimization |
US10308573B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2019-06-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for maximizing xylenes production from heavy aromatics for use therein |
US10464868B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2019-11-05 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for maximizing production of xylenes from heavy reformate without purge |
US10501389B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2019-12-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for the production of para-xylene and benzene from streams rich in C6 to C12+ aromatics |
US10519082B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2019-12-31 | Uop Llc | Removal of feed treatment units in aromatics complex designs |
US10696609B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2020-06-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for maximizing production of para-xylene from full reformate |
US10894755B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2021-01-19 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for optimum production of para-xylene |
CN114426886A (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃类混合物的整体加工方法 |
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US9024097B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2015-05-05 | Uop Llc | Integrated hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactor in a catalytic reforming process configuration for improved aromatics production |
US9528051B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2016-12-27 | Uop Llc | Integrated hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactor in a catalytic reforming process configuration for improved aromatics production |
US20130158320A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Uop Llc | Initial hydrotreating of naphthenes with subsequent high temperature reforming |
US20160168488A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Uop Llc | Integrated processes and systems for reforming and isomerizing hydrocarbons |
WO2016094752A2 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Uop Llc | Processes for para-xylene adsorptive separation |
WO2016160654A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Uop Llc | Methods and apparatuses for an integrated isomerization and platforming process |
US10793493B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-10-06 | Uop Llc | Process for recovering benzene and fuel gas in an aromatics complex |
KR102579494B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-27 | 2023-09-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 방향족 탄화수소 화합물 회수 방법 |
KR102579492B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-27 | 2023-09-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 방향족 탄화수소 화합물 회수 방법 |
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WO2008094255A1 (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2008-08-07 | Uop Llc | Integrated apparatus for aromatics production |
US9181146B2 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2015-11-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes and light olefins |
US20120289677A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-15 | Uop, Llc | Process for alkylating benzene |
US8822747B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2014-09-02 | Uop Llc | Combined xylene isomerization and transalkylation process unit |
US10071939B2 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2018-09-11 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Combined heavy reformate dealkylation-transalkylation process for maximizing xylenes production |
US9181147B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2015-11-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes and light olefins |
US8937205B2 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2015-01-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes |
US8921633B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2014-12-30 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of xylenes and light olefins |
WO2015020728A1 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-02-12 | Uop Llc | Integrated process for gasoline or aromatics production |
US20150166436A1 (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-18 | Uop Llc | Processes and apparatuses for preparing aromatic compounds |
US10519082B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2019-12-31 | Uop Llc | Removal of feed treatment units in aromatics complex designs |
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WO2018129005A1 (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2018-07-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for the production of benzene and xylenes from heavy aromatics |
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US10442742B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2019-10-15 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for xylene production with energy optimization |
US10464868B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2019-11-05 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for maximizing production of xylenes from heavy reformate without purge |
US10252958B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2019-04-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for xylene production with energy optimization |
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US10696609B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2020-06-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for maximizing production of para-xylene from full reformate |
US10894755B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2021-01-19 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for optimum production of para-xylene |
US11292754B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2022-04-05 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for maximizing production of para-xylene from full reformate |
US11618723B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2023-04-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for optimum production of para-xylene |
US10501389B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2019-12-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for the production of para-xylene and benzene from streams rich in C6 to C12+ aromatics |
CN114426886A (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃类混合物的整体加工方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2413712C2 (ru) | 2011-03-10 |
TW200804264A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
RU2008149956A (ru) | 2010-07-20 |
CN101472865B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
JP2009537560A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
KR20090024714A (ko) | 2009-03-09 |
CN101472865A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
EP2024311A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
JP5156006B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 |
AR060966A1 (es) | 2008-07-23 |
TWI336693B (en) | 2011-02-01 |
MY140047A (en) | 2009-11-30 |
KR101068168B1 (ko) | 2011-09-28 |
EP2024311A4 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
WO2007137017A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
BRPI0711657A2 (pt) | 2011-11-29 |
MX2008014693A (es) | 2009-03-25 |
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