US7042979B2 - X-ray diagnosis apparatus having a plurality of image acquisition modes - Google Patents

X-ray diagnosis apparatus having a plurality of image acquisition modes Download PDF

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US7042979B2
US7042979B2 US10/500,321 US50032104A US7042979B2 US 7042979 B2 US7042979 B2 US 7042979B2 US 50032104 A US50032104 A US 50032104A US 7042979 B2 US7042979 B2 US 7042979B2
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ray
offset data
image
offset
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US20050078793A1 (en
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Shigeyuki Ikeda
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Hitachi Healthcare Manufacturing Ltd
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Hitachi Medical Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/582—Calibration
    • A61B6/583—Calibration using calibration phantoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/582—Calibration
    • A61B6/585—Calibration of detector units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/30—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from X-rays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/32—Transforming X-rays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an X-ray diagnosis apparatus, and in particular, to a method of acquiring offset data for offset-correcting X-ray image data outputted from an X-ray flat panel detector.
  • an X-ray diagnosis apparatus has a configuration in which a subject is irradiated with an X-ray, and an X-ray image of the subject is displayed on a monitor, etc. based on X-ray image data outputted from an X-ray detector according to the X-ray incident on the X-ray detector after passing through the subject.
  • the X-ray detector has variations such as an image intensifier and an X-ray flat panel detector.
  • an important technology is to eliminate an offset component of a detected element channel which changes over time.
  • an indirect X-ray flat panel detector disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,487 is comprised of a scintillator (e.g. using cesium iodide (CsI)) for converting an incident X-ray to light and an element for converting the light outputted from the scintillator to electric charge (e.g. a photodiode using amorphous silicon (a-Si)).
  • a direct X-ray flat panel detector disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,206 is comprised of a conversion element using a substance (e.g. selenium (Se) or lead iodide (PbI)) for directly converting the incident X-ray to electric charge.
  • a substance e.g. selenium (Se) or lead iodide (PbI)
  • either type of X-ray flat panel detector electric charge outputted from the conversion element constituting each pixel is read out as an image signal through a switching element such as a thint film transistor (TFT).
  • TFT thint film transistor
  • the pixels are divided into a plurality of pixel groups and readout channels corresponding to the respective pixel groups are provided to perform readout operation in parallel so as to output the image data from each readout channel.
  • the X-ray diagnosis apparatus has a radiography mode for reading the image signals individually from all the conversion elements of the X-ray flat panel detector and obtaining a shot image of high resolution (of a large number of pixels), and additionally has a fluoroscopy mode for obtaining a fluoroscopic image of low resolution (of a small number of pixels) at an image rate of 30 images per second for instance.
  • this fluoroscopy mode the subject is continuously irradiated with the X-ray and so an X-ray dosage is kept low. Therefore, to improve a signal-to-noise (SN) ratio, the conversion elements are divided into groups (for example, one group is comprised of 2 ⁇ 2 elements) and electric charges obtained from the conversion elements for each group are added up for reading out the image signals.
  • the offset data are prepared for each of the radiography mode and the fluoroscopy mode so that the offset data used for offset correction is switched according to the mode.
  • the offset data changes according to a temperature characteristic of a readout circuit, and so it needs to be periodically updated.
  • incident dosage is large enough in the radiography mode to reduce influence on an image caused by variation of an offset less than that in the fluoroscopy mode.
  • artifacts may be generated in the image.
  • the change in the offset may significantly influence image quality in the case of adopting the mode for obtaining the fluoroscopic image (partial region fluoroscopy mode) by using the pixels of the radiography mode while keeping the resolution and limiting a field of view without adding pixels.
  • the offset data may be collected by each pixel in place of each readout channel of the X-ray flat panel detector.
  • collection of the offset data is time-consuming, and in particular, it is more time-consuming in the radiography mode than in the fluoroscopy mode because of a large number of pixels in the radiography image.
  • the present invention is provided in consideration of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an X-ray diagnosis apparatus capable of acquiring offset data in another mode from the offset data acquired in one of a plurality of modes, and performing a precise offset correction equivalent to newly acquiring offset data in all the modes.
  • an X-ray diagnosis apparatus comprises: an X-ray generator for generating X-ray according to an X-ray generating condition of an image acquisition mode selected from a plurality of image acquisition modes; an X-ray detector for receiving incidence of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generator, the X-ray detector converts the incident X-ray to an image signal and processes the image signal according to a signal processing condition of the selected image acquisition mode to thereby outputs image data in the selected image acquisition mode; storage means for storing each of offset data in the plurality of image acquisition modes; first mode offset data calculation means for, when a first mode of the plurality of image acquisition modes is selected, calculating new offset data in the first mode based on offset image data outputted from the X-ray detector in a state that the X-ray is not incident on the X-ray detector and first mode offset data stored in the storage means; second mode offset data calculation means for calculating new offset data in a second mode based on second mode offset data
  • the offset data stored in the storage means are acquired in advance in the state that the X-ray is not incident on the X-ray detector.
  • the second mode offset data calculation means calculates the new offset data in the second mode by converting the second mode offset data stored in the storage means based on at least one of an update amount and an update rate of the new offset data in the first mode.
  • the first mode offset data calculation means calculates the offset data in the first mode by obtaining arithmetic means of a plurality of the offset image data in the first mode for each pixel of the offset image data or for each readout channel of the X-ray detector so as to calculate the offset data in the first mode.
  • the X-ray detector is an X-ray flat panel detector.
  • the offset data is newly calculated in one of a plurality of modes for acquiring the X-ray image data, it is possible to update the offset data in another mode stored in offset data storage means based on the offset data.
  • the offset data acquired in a fluoroscopy mode is used to calculate variation of the offset data in a radiography mode so as to update the offset data in the radiography mode.
  • the offset data acquired in the radiography mode is used to calculate the variation of the offset data in the fluoroscopy mode so as to update the offset data in the fluoroscopy mode.
  • the offset data are updated as in the above between an entire region fluoroscopy mode for adding pixels and a partial region fluoroscopy mode for adding no pixel.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overview configuration of an embodiment of an X-ray diagnosis apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram used to describe pixels in a radiography mode and pixels in an entire region fluoroscopy mode
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of obtaining a fluoroscopic image of a small number of pixels by adding the pixels in the entire region fluoroscopy mode;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of obtaining a fluoroscopic image of a small number of pixels by reducing a field of view size in a partial region fluoroscopy mode
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram used to describe a method of calculating offset data in the entire region fluoroscopy mode and the radiography mode from the offset data acquired in the partial region fluoroscopy mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the X-ray diagnosis apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the X-ray diagnosis apparatus includes an X-ray source 3 controlled by an X-ray generator 1 to irradiate a subject 2 with an X-ray, an X-ray flat panel detector 4 placed opposed to the X-ray source 3 for outputting X-ray image data according to the X-ray incident after passing through the subject 2 , image storage means 5 for storing the X-ray image data outputted from the X-ray flat panel detector 4 as digital data, offset correction means 6 for performing offset correction to X-ray image data stored by the image storage means 5 and making the image storage means 5 again store X-ray image data after the offset correction stored by the image storage means 5 , offset data storing means 7 for storing offset data for performing an offset correction on the X-ray image data with the offset correction means 6 , display means 8 for displaying the X-ray image data stored in the image storage
  • the offset correction means 6 reduces influence of an offset by subtracting the offset data stored in the offset data storage means 7 from input image data in advance.
  • the offset data stored in the offset data storage means 7 are acquired as the offset data of which noise influence is reduced by reading a plurality of image data when irradiating no X-ray and performing an arithmetic mean process with the offset data calculation means 13 .
  • the offset data are the offset data of each readout channel of the X-ray flat panel detector 4 or the offset data of each pixel read from the X-ray flat panel detector 4 .
  • a description will be given as to the case of obtaining and updating the offset data of each pixel.
  • an instruction to update the offset data is inputted by a switch and so on of the console 9 , wherein X-ray irradiation from the X-ray generator 1 is interlocked and a state that is no X-ray incident on the X-ray flat panel detector 4 is established.
  • the offset data acquisition control means 10 outputs a command to acquire offset image data for updating the offset data to the readout control means 12 and has the image storage means 5 acquire offset image data for updating the offset data.
  • the offset data calculation means 13 captures the offset image data of a plurality of images via the image storage means 5 , and performs the arithmetic mean process to the offset image data for each pixel so as to calculate the offset data.
  • the offset data thus calculated is stored by the offset data storage means 7 .
  • the same process is performed in each mode so that the offset data storage means 7 has the offset data for each of the plurality of modes recorded therein.
  • the offset correction means 6 performs the offset correction by selecting corresponding offset data according to the modes from the offset data in the plurality of modes stored in the offset data storage means 5 .
  • the offset may vary due to temperature rise of the X-ray flat panel detector 4 and so on. Therefore, the above process needs to be periodically repeated as to all the modes.
  • the X-ray flat panel detector 4 often has the plurality of modes according to purposes of radiography. For instance, a radiography mode for reading electric charges individually from all conversion elements of the X-ray flat panel detector 4 and obtaining a radiographic image of high resolution and an entire region fluoroscopy mode for obtaining a fluoroscopic image of low resolution at an image rate of 30 images per second.
  • FIG. 2 shows four pixels 14 A, 14 B, 14 C and 14 D in the radiography mode and a pixel 15 E in the fluoroscopy (low dosage) mode.
  • the pixel 15 E in the entire region fluoroscopy mode is equivalent to the sum total of the four pixels 14 A, 14 B, 14 C and 14 D in the radiography mode (that is, the four pixels (2 ⁇ 2) of the X-ray flat panel detector 4 ). Therefore, if the four pixels 14 A, 14 B, 14 C and 14 D are added and the pixel 15 E in the entire region fluoroscopy mode is calculated, sensitivity becomes four times higher than the case of not adding them so that the fluoroscopic image having a good SN ratio can be created from an image of small incident dosage.
  • the offset data in the entire region fluoroscopy mode (addition mode) can be calculated if the offset data in the radiography mode (non-addition mode) is acquired.
  • radiography is performed immediately after inserting a catheter and a guide wire and determining a radiographic position while performing fluoroscopy, and after the radiographic, the fluoroscopy is immediately performed again in order to check a state of the catheter and a guide wire and remove these.
  • the inspection is performed in the entire region fluoroscopy mode under normal circumstances, and it moves on to the radiography mode when starting the radiography so as to move on to the entire region fluoroscopy mode immediately after the radiography.
  • the entire region fluoroscopy mode there is a period for temporarily irradiating no X-ray due to replacement of the catheter and so on, and so it is possible to obtain the offset image data for updating the offset data during that period.
  • the entire region fluoroscopy mode can reduce the number of pieces of readout data by adding the pixels so that it is often possible to secure the image rate of 30 images per second by speeding up the readout of the data.
  • an offset data with its SN ratio improved is calculated by obtaining the arithmetical mean thereof for each pixel of the offset image (or for each readout channel of the X-ray flat panel detector 4 ).
  • the data of 128 images as the offset image data
  • the number of pixels is four times that of the entire region fluoroscopy mode, and the image rate is reduced to a quarter of that of the entire region fluoroscopy mode and becomes 7.5 images per second.
  • the offset image data for updating the offset data in the radiography mode cannot be acquired in the aforementioned period for temporarily irradiating no X-ray.
  • a partial region fluoroscopy mode for implementing high-speed capturing without reducing the resolution by adding no pixel and reducing a view size is also used.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of the entire region fluoroscopy mode in which four pixels are added, and an output image 17 is acquired by adding four pixels 16 indicating an effective field of view of the X-ray flat panel detector 4 .
  • FIG. 4 shows the partial region fluoroscopy mode for adding no pixel and reading at high speed, where it reads without adding the pixels only an area 19 which is a quarter of a pixel 18 indicating the effective field of view which can be imaged so as to obtain the output image 17 .
  • the areas other than the area 19 which is a quarter of the pixel 18 indicating the effective field of view are devised not to have the subject 2 irradiated with the X-ray by means of a collimator and so on under normal circumstances. And in the case of collecting the images by a fluoroscopy dosage, required luminance is secured by, for example, quadrupling a gain of a readout amplifier.
  • a configuration for calculating the output pixels is different even in a switch over between the fluoroscopy modes, whereby there is a possibility that artifacts may be generated if the offset data is not updated when the entire region fluoroscopy mode is switched over to the partial region fluoroscopy mode of adding no pixel after continuing the fluoroscopy in the entire region fluoroscopy mode of adding the four pixels.
  • the offset data in the entire region fluoroscopy mode can be approximately acquired by adding the offset data of 2 ⁇ 2 as shown in the formula (1).
  • the offset data in the partial region fluoroscopy mode it is possible to adopt the offset data equivalent to a relevant area out of the offset data newly calculated in the radiography mode as-is.
  • the offset data in the radiography mode can be calculated as follows.
  • the offset data before updating the pixels 14 A, 14 B, 14 C and 14 D in the radiography mode stored in the offset data storage means 7 is a 1 , b 1 , c 1 and d 1
  • the offset data before updating the pixels 15 E in the entire region fluoroscopy mode stored in the offset data storage means 7 is e 1
  • the offset data newly calculated in the entire region fluoroscopy mode is e 2
  • the new offset data a 2 , b 2 , c 2 and d 2 in the radiography mode is calculated by the following formula (2) or (3).
  • the offset data in the radiography mode stored in the offset data storage means 7 can be converted based on an update rate of the new offset data in the entire region fluoroscopy mode so as to calculate the new offset data in the radiography mode.
  • the offset data in the radiography mode stored in the offset data storage means 7 can be converted based on an update amount of the new offset data in the entire region fluoroscopy mode so as to calculate the new offset data in the radiography mode. Furthermore, it is also possible, by weighting and adding results calculated by both the formulas (2) and (3) for instance, to calculate the new offset data in the radiography mode in consideration of both the update amount and update rate of the new offset data in the entire region fluoroscopy mode.
  • the method it is possible, by the method, to approximately acquire the offset data in the radiography mode from the offset data acquired by adding the four pixels in the entire region fluoroscopy mode so as to update the offset data in the radiography mode with approximate data before updating the offset data in the radiography mode by an ordinary method in the inspection.
  • the offset data in the partial region fluoroscopy mode of which view size is small can also be updated as above.
  • FIG. 5 shows an effective area, a pixel size and so on of the X-ray flat panel detector in each of the entire region fluoroscopy mode, the partial region fluoroscopy mode and the radiography mode.
  • reference numeral 20 denotes the effective area in the partial region fluoroscopy mode of the entire area 21 of the X-ray flat panel detector, where an element (1 ⁇ 1) of the X-ray flat panel detector in the area 20 corresponds to a pixel of a partial region fluoroscopy image.
  • Reference numeral 22 denotes the effective area in the entire region fluoroscopy mode, where the four elements (2 ⁇ 2) of the X-ray flat panel detector in the area 22 is corresponding to a pixel of the entire region fluoroscopy image.
  • Reference numeral 23 denotes the area corresponding to the effective area 20 in the partial region fluoroscopy mode.
  • Reference numeral 24 denotes the effective area in the radiography mode, where an element (1 ⁇ 1) of the X-ray flat panel detector in the area 24 corresponds to a pixel of the shot image.
  • Reference numeral 25 denotes the area corresponding to the effective area 20 in the partial region fluoroscopy mode.
  • the offset data in the entire region fluoroscopy mode and the radiography mode can be calculated as follows.
  • the offset data of all the pixels in the area 22 stored in the offset data storage means 7 is converted and updated based on an average coefficient of fluctuation of the newly calculated offset data in the area 20 (that is, the area 23 ).
  • the newly calculated offset data in the area 20 is used to calculate the offset data in the area 23 corresponding to the area 20 by the formula (1), and the offset data in other areas is calculated by using the average coefficient of fluctuation of the offset data in the area 20 as in (1).
  • the method of (2) has better precision of the offset data in the area 23 compared to the method of (1).
  • the offset data in the area 26 As for the offset data in the area 26 , the newly calculated offset data in the area 20 is adopted as-is, and the other offset data in the area 25 is calculated by using the average coefficient of fluctuation of the offset data in the area 26 as in (3).
  • the method of (4) has better precision of the offset data in the area 26 compared to the method of (3), and it is especially effective in the area 26 because there are many cases where it is at the center of the X-ray flat panel detector and has an important portion for diagnosis represented therein.
  • the case of setting and updating the offset data for each pixel of the image in each mode has been described.
  • the present invention is also applicable to the case of setting and updating the offset data for each readout channel of the X-ray flat panel detector in each mode.
  • the plurality of modes are not limited to those described above.
  • the type of the X-ray flat panel detector may be either a direct type or an indirect type.
  • the X-ray diagnosis apparatus uses the offset data acquired in one of the plurality of modes of which number of pixels and number of elements constituting one pixel are different to calculate the offset data in another mode. Therefore, it can update the offset data in all the modes by acquiring the offset data once. Thus, it can perform a precise offset correction equivalent to acquiring current offset data in all the modes. And upon switching from one mode (first mode) to another mode (second mode), it can immediately eliminate an artifact from the image in the second mode so as to obtain an optimum image for diagnosis.

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