US6998438B2 - Toughened plastics and preparation thereof - Google Patents

Toughened plastics and preparation thereof Download PDF

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US6998438B2
US6998438B2 US10/126,461 US12646102A US6998438B2 US 6998438 B2 US6998438 B2 US 6998438B2 US 12646102 A US12646102 A US 12646102A US 6998438 B2 US6998438 B2 US 6998438B2
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rubber
plastics
fully vulcanized
vulcanized powdery
powdery
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US20020188079A1 (en
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Jinliang Qiao
Shijun Zhang
Xiaohong Zhang
Yiqun Liu
Jianming Gao
Wei Zhang
Genshuan Wei
Jingbo Shao
Hua Yin
Renli Zhai
Zhihai Song
Fan Huang
Jiuqiang Li
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Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Priority claimed from CNB001303872A external-priority patent/CN1137933C/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to toughened plastics and preparation thereof, more particularly, to plastics with high toughness obtained by blending powdery rubbers and pseudoductile plastics, to plastics with both high stiffness and toughness obtained by blending low amount of powdery rubbers and crystalline plastics, and to a process for preparation of these plastics.
  • Plastics as a kind of widely used material, have increasingly drawn people's attention. As described in the article written by Souheng Wu of DuPont Co. in US, published in POLYMER INTERNATIONAL VOL. 29, No. 3, p229–247 (1992), plastics may be classified into pseudoductile plastics and brittle plastics due to the different characteristics and nature of macromolecular chains. Plastics with a chain entanglement density (Ve) of less than about 0.15 mmol/ml and a characteristic ratio (C ⁇ ) of greater than about 7.5 belong to a brittle plastics, where the external impact energy is dissipated mainly by forming crazes from the matrix.
  • Ve chain entanglement density
  • C ⁇ characteristic ratio
  • plastics with a chain entanglement density (Ve) of greater than about 0.15 mmol/ml and a characteristic ratio (C ⁇ ) of less than about 7.5 belong to pseudoductile plastics, where the external impact energy is dissipated mainly by generating the shear yield from the matrix.
  • the toughness of either pseudoductile plastics or brittle plastics can be further improved by blending with rubbers.
  • the rubber serves as a toughener and blends with the plastics to obtain the toughened plastics.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,517,319 disclosed that DuPont Co. in U.S. selected polyurethane elastomers to toughen polyoxymethylene; EP 120711 and EP 121407 disclosed the Hoechst Co.
  • German selected diene graft polymer elastomers to toughen polyoxymethylene EP 117664 disclosed the ASAHI KASEI KABUSHIKI KAISHA in Japan selected styrene block copolymer elastomers to toughen polyoxymethylene; and FR8519421, FR8803877, FR9512701 and FR9609148 of ATOCHEM Co. in France, JP127503/97 of MITSUI CHEMICALS INC. in Japan, JP190634/97 and JP190635/97 of KISHIMOTO SANGYO CO. LTD. in Japan, disclosed the techniques of using rubbers to toughen plastics, such as using maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-propylene rubber to toughen polyamide.
  • the above-mentioned patents have the drawbacks as follows: (1) at the present technology level, it is difficult to control the particle distribution of the dispersed rubber phase within a narrow range and the size smaller than 200 nm. A larger amount of rubbers is necessary for the brittle-tough transition, thereby leading to the decrease of stiffness of the toughened plastics; (2) the particle size of the rubber phase is unstable, that is to say, the particle size of the rubber phase always varies with the change of the processing parameters such as the shear rate during the processing; (3) the particle size of the rubber phase is far from uniform; (4) the rubber content cannot exceed 40 percent, otherwise it will lead to the occurrence of the “sea-sea” morphological structure, even the reversal of phase, which leads to the inferior properties of the toughened plastics.
  • the method that can effectively improve toughness of the plastics is using elastomer materials to toughen the plastics, for example using EPR or EPDM to toughen PP, using acrylate rubber to toughen polyester, and the like.
  • elastomers as tougheners will simultaneously decrease the stiffness of plastics, such as flexural strength and flexural modulus and the like.
  • the process of blending rubbers with rigid inorganic fillers are generally used to modify the plastics.
  • toughness of the plastics is improved by the elastic rubber phase while the decrease of stiffness caused by the addition of the rubber phase is compensated by the inorganic fillers added.
  • the amount of the fillers used is generally relatively large (above 20 weight parts on the basis of 100 weight parts of plastics), which will impose various adverse influences on the toughened plastics, such as increasing the density of plastics, making the processing properties of the toughened plastics inferior, and the like.
  • inorganic rigid particles may also be used to toughen some plastics (the plastics with certain toughness) while keeping stiffness of the plastics from decreasing, i.e. the so-called rigid particles-toughening method (see Dongming Li and Zongneng Qi, “The fracture of CaCO 3 reinforced polypropylene composite”, Polymer Materials Science & Engineering, 1991, No. 2, p18–25).
  • rigid particles-toughening method see Dongming Li and Zongneng Qi, “The fracture of CaCO 3 reinforced polypropylene composite”, Polymer Materials Science & Engineering, 1991, No. 2, p18–25.
  • the rigid particles-toughening method its toughening effects is very limited, and the method is not applied at an industrial scale and is still under exploratory development.
  • Inorganic nano-particles may also be used for the purpose of toughening while keeping the stiffness.
  • ACTA POLYMERIC SINICA, No. 1, p99–104 (2000)(Chinese) discloses the use of nano-SiO 2 for polypropylene toughening which has both toughening and reinforcing effects on PP at room temperature when the content of SiO 2 is from 1.5 to 5 percent.
  • the use of inorganic nano-particles for toughening plastics still causes some problems such as the relatively poor dispersion in the resin matrix, thereby influencing the final toughening effect.
  • the inventor found a kind of specific powdery rubber used as the rubber toughener, which is other than the above-mentioned tougheners, and its particle size can reach nano scale and it can be easily dispersed in the resin.
  • the toughener according to the invention has much better toughening effect, when it is used to toughen pseudoductile plastics at relatively high loading content (above 10 weight parts on the basis of 100 weight parts of the plastics).
  • the amount of the rubber toughener according to the invention may be substantially less than that of others, thereby the loss of stiffness of the plastics toughened by the toughener according to the invention is lower than that of the plastics toughened by conventional rubbers, which facilitates the achievement of relatively ideal effect of the stiffness-toughness balance.
  • the rubber toughener according to the invention can simultaneously improved both toughness and stiffness of plastics, and can also improve the heat distortion temperature and the crystallizing temperature of the materials so as to achieve the excellent balance of toughness and stiffness as long as the good dispersion of the powdery rubber in the plastics matrix is ensured. This shows that a very small amount of the ultra-fine powdery rubber added to the crystalline plastics can function not only as a toughener, but also as a reinforcing agent.
  • one object of the invention is to provide plastics with high toughness, where the rubber phase has a small average particle size and it is uniform and stable. The reversal of phase will not occur even if the rubber content is up to 70 weight percent, and the rubber is always kept as the dispersed phase.
  • the plastics with high toughness have relatively high toughness, while also maintaining the above-mentioned stiffness.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide plastics with both high stiffness and high toughness, which contain a small amount of ultra-fine powdery rubber toughener.
  • the plastics with both high toughness and high stiffness possess higher stiffness and toughness as compared with the pure plastics matrix.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a process for preparing the plastics with high toughness or the plastics with both high stiffness and high toughness, which is simple and easy to operate.
  • the first aspect of the invention provides plastics with high toughness, which comprise the following components: pseudoductile plastics with a macromolecular chain entanglement density (Ve) of greater than about 0.15 mmol/ml and a characteristic ratio (C ⁇ ) of less than about 7.5; and rubber particles with an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm, wherein the weight ratio of the rubber particles to the plastics is in a range of from 0.5:99.5 to 70:30.
  • the toughened plastics have the integral property of better balance of stiffness and toughness.
  • the second aspect of the invention provides plastics with both high stiffness and high toughness, which comprise the following components: crystalline plastics; and rubber particles with an average particle size of 20 to 500 nm, wherein the amount of the rubber particles added to the plastics matrix is from 0.3 to 5 weight parts on the basis of 100 weight parts of the plastics matrix.
  • the third aspect of the invention provides a process for preparing the plastics with high toughness according to the invention, which comprises blending the pseudoductile plastics with a macromolecular chain entanglement density (Ve) of greater than about 0.15 mmol/ml and a characteristic ration (C ⁇ ) of less than about 7.5 with the rubber particles having an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm, wherein the weight ratio of the rubber particles to the plastics is from 0.5:99.5 to 70:30.
  • Ve macromolecular chain entanglement density
  • C ⁇ characteristic ration
  • the fourth aspect of the invention provides a process for preparing the plastics with both high stiffness and high toughness, which comprises melt blending the crystalline plastics with the rubber particles having an average particle size of 20 to 500 nm, wherein the amount of the rubber particles added to the plastics matrix is from 0.3 to 5 weight parts on the basis of 100 weight parts of the plastics matrix.
  • FIG. 1 is an atomic force microscopy photograph of the sample obtained in Example 5, wherein the magnification is 40,000.
  • the weight ratio of the rubber particles to the plastics is from 0.5:99.5 to 70:30, preferably from 5:95 to 50:50.
  • the average particles size of the rubber particles is from 20 to 200 nm, preferably from 50 to 150 nm.
  • the plastics used as the continuous phase are the pseudoductile plastics with a macromolecular chain entanglement density (Ve) of greater than about 0.15 mmol/ml and a characteristic ratio (C ⁇ ) of less than about 7.5, which may be selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyester, polyphenylene oxide or polyurethane and the like.
  • Ve macromolecular chain entanglement density
  • C ⁇ characteristic ratio
  • the rubber particles used as the dispersed phase are the rubber particles with a homogeneous micro-structure, preferably the crosslinked rubber particles with a gel content of not less than 60 percent.
  • the rubber particles are the fully vulcanized powdery rubber obtained according to the inventor's Chinese Patent Application No. 99125530.5 filed on Dec.
  • fully vulcanized powdery rubber fully vulcanized powdery natural rubber, fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-styrene rubber, fully vulcanized powdery carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber, fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber fully vulcanized powdery carboxylic butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, fully vulcanized powdery chlorobutadiene rubber, fully vulcanized powdery polybutadiene rubber, fully vulcanized powdery silicon rubber or fully vulcanized powdery acrylate rubber and the like, and the preparation thereof is referred to the above-mentioned Chinese Patent Application No.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery rubber is the dispersed fine rubber powder which has a gel content of above 60 percent and can freely flow after drying without the addition of the partitioning agent.
  • the particle size of the powdery rubber particles can be fixed by irradiation-crosslinking. When the fully vulcanized powdery rubber is mixed with the plastics, the particles are very easy to uniformly and stably disperse in the plastics, are difficult to aggregate, and can keep a very small particle size.
  • the plastics with high toughness according to the invention contain the rubber phase which has a small, uniform and stable particle size and is easy to obtain a high ratio of the rubber to the plastics, have high toughness and good processability, and are applicable for very wide fields.
  • the amount of the rubber particles used is from 0.3 to 5 weight parts, preferably from 0.5 to 2 weight parts, on the basis of 100 weight parts of the plastics matrix.
  • the average particle size of the rubber particles is from 20 to 500 nm, preferably from 50 to 300 nm.
  • the plastics used as the continuous phase are the crystalline plastics, which may be selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamides, polyoxymethylene, polybutylene, terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the like.
  • the rubber particles used as the dispersed phase are the rubber particles having a homogeneous micro-structure, preferably the crosslinked rubber particles with a gel content of not less than 60 percent.
  • the rubber particles may be the fully vulcanized powdery rubber obtained according to the inventor's Chinese Patent Application No. 99125530.5 filed on Dec. 3, 1999 (its full text is incorporated herein by reference), and details of the rubber particles are as described above in discussion on the plastics with high toughness.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery rubber is the dispersed fine rubber powder, which has a gel content of above 60 percent and can freely flow after drying without the addition of a partitioning agent.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery rubber can be obtained by irradiation-crosslinking of the rubber latex.
  • the particles are very easy to uniformly and stably disperse in the plastics, are difficult to aggregate, and can keep a very small particle size.
  • the plastics with both high stiffness and high toughness according to the invention contain the rubber phase with a small, uniform and stable particle size, have high stiffness, high toughness, higher heat distortion temperature and good processability, and are applicable for very wide fields.
  • the plastics with high toughness according to the invention can be obtained by blending the pseudoductile plastics with a macromolecular chain entanglement density (Ve) of greater than about 0.15 mmol/ml and a characteristic ratio (C ⁇ ) of less than about 7.5 with the above-mentioned rubber particles with an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm.
  • the average particle size of the rubber particles is from 50 to 150 nm.
  • the weight ratio of the rubber particles to the plastics is from 0.5:99.5 to 70:30, preferably from 5:95 to 50:50.
  • the plastics with both high stiffness and high toughness according to the invention can be obtained by blending the crystalline plastics with the above-mentioned rubber particles with an average particle size of 20 to 500 nm.
  • the amount of the rubber particles added to the plastics matrix is 0.3 to 5 parts, preferably 0.5 to 2 parts, on the basis of 100 weight parts of the plastics matrix.
  • the average particle size of the rubber particles is preferably from 50 to 300 nm.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery rubber may be added in the form of dry crosslinked powders or in the form of undried crosslinked latex.
  • the blending temperature of the materials is the blending temperature commonly used in the processing of conventional plastics, which is dependent on the melting or softening temperature of the plastics matrix and should be selected within the range that can ensure the complete melting of the plastics matrix without making the plastics decompose.
  • the aids conventionally used in plastics processing such as plasticizer, antioxidant, light stabilizer and compatilizer and the like, may be added to the blended materials in an appropriate amount.
  • the blending equipments used in the present invention are the general blending equipments commonly used in the processing of rubber and plastics, which may be selected from single-screw extruder, twin-screw extruder, two roll mill or internal mixer, and the like.
  • the process for preparing the plastics with high toughness or the plastics with both high stiffness and high toughness according to the invention is simple and easy to operate, and is applicable for the purpose of toughening various plastics.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-styrene rubber (obtained as follows: in the butadiene-styrene-50 latex available from Lanzhou Latex Research Center, 3 percent of trimethylolpropane triacrylate used as a crosslinking aid, based on the dry weight of the butadiene-styrene latex, is added.
  • the mixture is subjected to irradiation-vulcanization with the absorbed dose being 2.5 megarads, and then subjected to spray-drying; the powdery rubber obtained has an average particle size of 100 nm and a gel content of 90.4 percent) and polypropylene powder (available from Tianjin Second Petroleum-Chemical Factory, designation: Model 3-1) and antioxidant 1010 (available from Ciba-Geigy, Switzerland) are uniformly mixed.
  • the blending and pelleting are conducted in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with the temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 170° C., 185° C., 190° C., 190° C., 190° C. and 190° C. (the die temperature).
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 1, wherein the component contents of the fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-styrene rubber and polypropylene are measured in weight parts, and the content of the antioxidant is measured in weight percent of the total of all components.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 1.
  • Polypropylene powder and the antioxidant used in Example 1 are uniformly mixed and then are pelletized in the twin-screw extruder, using the same conditions as those used in Example 1.
  • the specific formulations and the results obtained are listed in Table 1.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-styrene rubber (same as that used in Example 1) and polypropylene pellets (T30S, Jinan Refinery, China) and the antioxidant 1010 (Ciba-Geigy, Switzerland) are uniformly mixed and then are blended and pelletized in the twin-screw extruder under the same processing conditions as described above in Example 1.
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 1, wherein the component contents of the fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-styrene rubber and polypropylene are measured in weight parts, and the content of the antioxidant is measured in weight percent of the total of all components.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests of mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 1.
  • Example 3 The polypropylene pellets used in Example 3 and ethylene propylene terpolymer rubber pellets (3745, DuPont Dow Co.) are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 9 to 1, and the antioxidant 1010 (same as that used in Example 1) is added. The mixture is blended and pelletized in the extruder under the same processing conditions as described above in Example 1. The pellets obtained are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests of mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 1.
  • Example 1 94 6 — 0.5% 31.0 221 129 33.3 1.51
  • Example 2 30 70 — 0.5% 10.5 220 311 — — (not break) Comparative 100 0 — 0.5% 39.1 92 78.1 38.7 1.63
  • Example 3 90 10 — 0.5% 28.4 211 87.4 28.4 1.28 Comparative 90 0 10 0.5% 28.7 171 70.0 29.1 1.33
  • Example 2 Unit — — — — MPa % J/m MPa GPa Total standard — — — — — ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM D638 D638 D256 D790 D790
  • the fully vulcanized powdery carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber (obtained as follows: in the carboxylic butadiene-styrene latex designated as XSBRL-54B1 available from Yanshan Petroleum-Chemical Co., 3 percent of isooctyl acrylate used as a crosslinking aid, based on dry weight of the carboxylic butadiene-styrene latex, is added.
  • the mixture is subjected to irradiation-vulcanization with the absorbed dose being 2.5 megarads, and then subjected to spray-drying; the powdery rubber obtained has an average particle size of 150 nm and a gel content of 92.6 percent), Nylon 6 (1013B, UBE INDUSTRIES, LTD., Japan), calcium stearate (chemical pure grade, Beijing Changyang Chemical Factory, China) and ultra-fine talc (1250 mesh, Hebei Luquan Architectural Materials Factory, China) are uniformly mixed.
  • the blending and pelleting are conducted in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with the temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 230° C., 235° C., 240° C., 245° C., 240° C. and 235° C. (the die temperature).
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 2, wherein the component contents of the fully vulcanized powdery carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber and Nylon 6 are measured in weight parts, and the contents of the other aids are measured in weight percent of the total of all components.
  • the pellets are dried and injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties.
  • FIG. 1 shows the atomic force microscopy photograph of the sample in Example 5 (the magnification is 40,000), wherein the black shadow indicates the fully vulcanized powdery carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber particles dispersed in Nylon 6 matrix.
  • Nylon 6, calcium stearate and ultra-fine talc used in Example 4 are uniformly mixed and pelletized in the twin-screw extruder, using the same conditions as those used in Example 4.
  • the specific formulations, test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 2.
  • Nylon 6 used in Example 4 and acrylate rubber (Lucite44-N, Dupont Co. in U.S.) and the calcium stearate and ultra-fine talc used in Example 4 are uniformly mixed, and then are blended and pelletized in the twin-screw extruder, using the same conditions as those used in Example 4.
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 2, wherein the component contents of the acrylate rubber and Nylon 6 are measured in weight parts, and the other aids are measured in weight percent of the total of all components.
  • the test standard and the results of properties are listed in Table 2.
  • Nylon 6 used in Example 4 and POE-g-MAH (DFDAI373, United Carbide Co. in U.S.) and the calcium stearate and ultra-fine talc used in Example 4 are uniformly mixed, and then are blended and pelletized in the twin-screw extruder, using the same conditions as those used in Example 4.
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 2, wherein the component contents of POE-g-MAH and Nylon 6 are measured in weight parts, and the other aids are measured in weight percent of the total of all components.
  • the test standard and the results of properties are listed in Table 2.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber (obtained as follows: in the carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber latex XSBRL-54B1 from Yanshan Petroleum-Chemical Co., 3 percent of isooctyl acrylate used as a crosslinking aid, based on the dry weight of the carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber latex, is added.
  • the mixture is subjected to irradiation-vulcanization with the absorbed dose being 2.5 megarads, and then subjected to spray-drying; the powdery rubber obtained has an average particle size of 150 nm and a gel content of 92.6 percent), polyoxymethylene (4520, ASAHI KASEI KABUSHIKI KAISHA, in Japan) calcium stearate (chemical pure grade, Beijing Changyang Chemical Factory), polyethylene wax (chemical pure grade, Beijing University of Chemical Technology,), antioxidant 1010 (Ciba-Geigy in Switzerland) and ultra-fine talc (1250 mesh, Hebei Luquan Architectural Materials Factory) are uniformly mixed.
  • the blending and pelleting are conducted in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with the temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 175° C., 180° C., 185° C.,185° C., 180° C. and 175° C. (the die temperature).
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 3, wherein the component contents of the fully vulcanized powdery carboxylic butadiene-styrene rubber and polyoxymethylene are measured in weight parts, and the contents of the other aids are measured in weight percent of the total of all components.
  • the pellets are dried and injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 3.
  • Example 7 Polyoxymethylene, calcium stearate, antioxidant 1010, polyethylene wax and ultra-fine talc used in Example 7 are uniformly mixed and pelletized in the twin-screw extruder, using the same conditions as those used in Example 7. The specific formulations, test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 3.
  • Example 7 Polyoxymethylene used in Example 7 and acrylate rubber (Lucite44-N, DuPont Co. in U.S.) and the calcium stearate and ultra-fine talc used in Example 7 are uniformly mixed, and then are blended and pelletized in the twin-screw extruder, using the same conditions as those used in Example 7.
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 3, wherein the component contents of the acrylate rubber and polyoxymethylene are measured in weight parts, and the other aids are measured in weight percent of the total of all components.
  • the test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 3.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber (obtained as follows: in the butyl acrylate rubber latex BC-01 available from Beijing Oriental Chemical Factory, 3 percent of isooctyl acrylate used as a crosslinking aid, based on dry weight of the butyl acrylate rubber latex, is added.
  • the mixture is subjected to irradiation-vulcanization with the absorbed dose being 2.5 megarads, and then subjected to spray-drying; the powdery rubber obtained has an average particle size of 100 nm and a gel content of 87.7 percent) and polycarbonate (141R, General Electronics Co. in US) are uniformly mixed.
  • the blending and pelleting are conducted in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder, (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with the temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 265° C., 270° C., 275° C., 275° C., 270° C. and 265° C. (the die temperature).
  • the specific formulations are listed in Table 4, wherein the component contents of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber and polycarbonate are measured in weight parts.
  • the pellets are dried and injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 4.
  • Example 9 The polycarbonate used in Example 9 is directly injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 4.
  • the polypropylene pellets T30S, Jinan Refinery, China
  • the fully vulcanized powdery polybutadiene rubber obtained as follows: in the polybutadiene rubber latex 0700 from Jilin Chemical Synthesized Resin Factory, 3 percent of trimethylolpropane triacrylate used as a crosslinking aid, based on the dry weight of the rubber latex, is added.
  • the mixture is subjected to irradiation-vulcanization with the absorbed dose being 2 megarads, and then subjected to spray-drying; the powdery rubber obtained has an average particle size of 280 nm and a gel content of 88.5 percent) and antioxidant 1010 (Ciba-Geigy, Switzerland) are compounded, wherein the specific composition on the basis of 100 weight parts of the plastics are: 100 parts of polypropylene, 0.5 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery polybutadiene rubber, and 0.5 parts of the antioxidant.
  • the blending and pelleting are conducted in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with the temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 170° C., 185° C., 190° C., 190° C.,190° C. and 190° C. (the die temperature).
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained are listed in Table 5.
  • Example 10 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 10, except that the amount of the fully vulcanized powdery polybutadiene rubber used in Example 10 is changed to 1 part.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 5.
  • Example 10 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 10, except that the amount of the fully vulcanized powdery polybutadiene rubber used in Example 10 is changed to 1.5 parts.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 5.
  • Example 10 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 10, except that the amount of the fully vulcanized powdery polybutadiene rubber used in Example 10 is changed to 2 parts.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 5.
  • Example 10 The polypropylene pellets used in Example 10 are directly injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 5.
  • Example 11 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 11, except that the fully vulcanized powdery polybutadiene rubber used in Example 11 is replaced with butadiene-styrene rubber (1502, Jilin Organic Synthesis Factory, China).
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 5.
  • the polypropylene powder (Model 3-1, Tianjin Second petroleum-Chemical Factory, China) and the fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-styrene rubber latex (obtained as follows: in the butadiene-styrene-50 rubber latex available from Lanzhou Latex Research Center, which has a solid content of 45 percent, 3 percent of trimethylolpropane triacrylate used as a crosslinking aid, based on the dry weight of the butadiene-styrene rubber latex, is added.
  • the mixture is subjected to irradiation-vulcanization with the absorbed dose being 2.5 megarads; the rubber latex particles have an average particle size of 100 nm and a gel content of 90.4 percent) and antioxidant 1010 (Ciba-Geigy, Switzerland) are compounded, wherein the specific composition measured in weight parts are: 100 parts of polypropylene, 2 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butadiene-styrene rubber latex (based on the dry weight of the rubber latex), and 0.5 parts of the antioxidant.
  • the blending and pelleting are conducted in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with the temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 170° C., 185° C., 190° C., 190° C., 190° C. and 190° C. (the die temperature).
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained are listed in Table 5.
  • the polypropylene powder and the antioxidant used in Example 14 are mixed and extruded, and then injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 5.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber (obtained as follows: in the butyl acrylate rubber latex BC-01 available from Beijing Oriental Chemical Factory, 3 percent of isooctyl acrylate used as a crosslinking aid, based on the dry weight of the butyl acrylate rubber latex, is added.
  • the mixture is subjected to irradiation-vulcanization with the absorbed dose being 2.5 megarads, and then subjected to spray-drying; the powdery rubber obtained has an average particle size of 100 nm and a gel content of 87.7 percent), polyethylene terephthalate (the intrinsic viscosity is 0.76 , Yanshan Petroleum-chemical Co., China), calcium stearate (chemical pure grade, Beijing Changyang Chemical Factory, China) and ultra-fine talc (1250 mesh, Hebei Luquan Architectural Materials Factory, China) are uniformly mixed, wherein the specific composition measured in weight parts are: 0.5 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polyethylene terephthalate, 0.3 parts of the calcium stearate and 0.3 parts of the ultra-fine talc.
  • the blending and pelleting are conducted in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with the temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 260° C., 280° C., 280° C., 280° C., 285° C. and 280° C. (the die temperature).
  • the pellets are dried and injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 6.
  • Example 15 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 15, except that the proportions of the components used in the Example 15 are changed to 1 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 6.
  • Example 15 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 15, except that the proportions of the components used in the Example 15 are changed to 2 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 6.
  • Example 6 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 1, except that the ratio of components used in the Example 15 are changed to 5 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 6.
  • the polyethylene terephthalate (same as that used in Example 15) is injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 6.
  • the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber (same as that used in Example 15), polybutylene terephthalate (4500, the intrinsic viscosity is 1.02, BASF Co.), calcium stearate (chemical pure grade, Beijing Changyang Chemical Factory, China) and ultra-fine talc (1250 mesh, Hebei Luquan Architectural Materials Factory, China) are uniformly mixed, wherein the specific composition measured in weight parts are: 0.5 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polybutylene terephthalate, 0.3 parts of the calcium stearate and 0.3 parts of the ultra-fine talc.
  • the blending and pelleting are carried out in the ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Werner & Pfleiderer Co., in Germany) with he temperatures for each zone of the extruder being respectively 220° C., 240° C., 240° C., 240° C., 245° C. and 240° C. (the die temperature).
  • the pellets are dried and injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The test standard and the results obtained are listed in Table 7.
  • Example 19 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 19, except that the proportions of the components used in the Example 19 are changed to 1 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polybutylene terephthalate.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 7.
  • Example 19 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 19, except that the proportions of he components used in the Example 19 are changed to 2 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polybutylene terephthalate.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 7.
  • Example 19 The conditions are the same as those used in Example 19, except that the proportions of the components used in the Example 19 are changed to 5 parts of the fully vulcanized powdery butyl acrylate rubber, 100 parts of the polybutylene terephthalate.
  • the pellets are injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 7.
  • the polybutylene terephthalate (same as that used in Example 19) is injection-molded into standard specimens, and then subjected to various tests for mechanical properties. The results obtained from the mechanical tests are listed in Table 7.

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US20040077792A1 (en) * 2000-11-03 2004-04-22 Jinliang Qiao Toughened plastics and its preparation method

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CN1239587C (zh) * 2003-04-03 2006-02-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种复合粉末及其制备方法和用途
US7557162B2 (en) * 2004-01-08 2009-07-07 Teknor Apex Company Toughened polymer compositions
US7041741B2 (en) * 2004-01-08 2006-05-09 Teknor Apex Company Toughened polymer compositions
JP2007138034A (ja) * 2005-11-18 2007-06-07 Canon Inc 電子写真装置用導電性弾性体部材
RU2008120239A (ru) * 2005-11-22 2009-11-27 Базелль Полиолефин Италия С.Р.Л. (It) Полиолефиновые композиции со слабым блеском
CN102286167B (zh) * 2010-06-21 2013-11-06 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种增韧聚丙烯树脂组合物及其制备方法
CN102731902B (zh) * 2011-04-07 2015-08-19 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 聚丙烯树脂组合物及其制备方法
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CN112430389B (zh) * 2020-11-17 2022-04-01 美瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种增强增韧的tpu材料及其制备方法
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KR102549466B1 (ko) * 2022-02-11 2023-06-28 엘에스전선 주식회사 유기 충진제 및 이를 포함하는 수지 조성물

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