Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D125/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D125/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
  • C09D125/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
  • C09D125/08—Copolymers of styrene
  • C09D125/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C09D133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06
  • C09D133/064—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06 containing anhydride, COOH or COOM groups, with M being metal or onium-cation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D151/08—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/08—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
  • C08L75/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to aqueous basecoat compositions which comprise as binder constituents an aqueous acrylate dispersion (i), an aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion (ii) and a rheological assistant (iii).
• the prior art discloses processes for coating motor vehicle bodies, especially car bodies, in which the substrate is generally first coated with an electrodeposition coating material and/or intermediate stone-chip primer or with a surfacer coat and subsequently, using a coating material comprising at least one pigment, a basecoat film is applied and this basecoat film is overcoated if desired with a transparent coating material. The resulting single-coat or multicoat paint system is subsequently baked.
• the basecoats used to produce the basecoat film are normally water- or solvent-based systems.
• principal binder they comprise, in general, polyurethane dispersions or acrylate dispersions in combination with water-miscible, crosslinkable polyesters and with water-miscible melamine resins.
• DE-A 43 39 870 describes basecoats comprising as binder a polymer which is obtainable by subjecting an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers to free-radical polymerization in the presence of a water-insoluble initiator or of a mixture of water-insoluble initiators and in an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane resin which has a number-average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 30,000 daltons and comprises on average from 0.05 to 1.1 polymerizable double bonds per molecule, the weight ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers lying between 1:10 and 10:1.
• Basecoats in accordance with DE-A 43 39 870 feature enhanced stability on storage, very good adhesion between basecoat film and substrate, and very good resistance to atmospheric humidity.
• German Patent Application P 195 47 944.0 is a process for producing a multicoat coating system on a substrate surface, wherein
• an aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion as film former is applied as basecoat to a substrate surface coated with a customary surfacer
• the basecoat film is baked together with the topcoat film, the basecoat comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, which comprises
• an acrylate dispersion having a content of from 30 to 60% by weight of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate-containing monomers, from 30 to 60% by weight of vinylaromatic monomers and from 0.5 to 10% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and
• rheological assistant which is a synthetic polymer having ionic and/or associative groups.
• a further subject of P 195 47 944.0 is a process for repairing multicoat paint systems, in which
• the basecoat film is baked together with the topcoat film, the basecoating composition comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion which comprises
• an acrylate dispersion having a content of from 30 to 60% by weight of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate-containing monomers, from 30 to 60% by weight of vinylaromatic monomers and from 0.5 to 10% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and
• Theological assistant which is a synthetic polymer having ionic and/or associative groups.
• a conventional acrylate dispersion having a content of from 30 to 60% by weight of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate-containing monomers, from 30 to 60% by weight of vinylaromatic monomers and from 0.5 to 10% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid, based in each case on the acrylate copolymer, and
• a dispersion of a polymer which is obtainable conventionally by subjecting an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers to free-radical polymerization in the presence of a water-insoluble initiator or of a mixture of water-insoluble initiators and in an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane resin which has a number-average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 30,000 daltons and comprises on average from 0.05 to 1.1 polymerizable double bonds per molecule, the weight ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers lying between 1:10 and 10:1, and
• a Theological assistant which preferably comprises a synthetic polymer having ionic and/or associative groups, and, if desired, an inorganic Theological assistant as well,
• the invention additionally embraces processes for producing a multicoat coating system on a substrate surface, by
• Component (i) consists of an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the acrylate copolymer, of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth)acrylates, it being possible to employ the linear and branched-chain derivatives.
• a copolymer of from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the acrylate copolymer, of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth)acrylates, it being possible to employ the linear and branched-chain derivatives.
• monomers it is also possible to employ (meth)acrylamide monomers and their derivatives
• component (i) As vinylaromatic monomers it is possible as constituents of component (i) to employ, in proportions of from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the acrylate copolymer, styrene, alpha-alkylstyrene and vinyltoluene, for example.
• the acrylate dispersion (i) can be prepared by processes known from the prior art.
• the ratio between the monomers and the water can be selected such that the resulting dispersion has a solids content of preferably from 30 to 60% by weight.
• anionic emulsifier As emulsifier it is preferred to employ an anionic emulsifier, alone or in a mixture with others.
• anionic emulsifiers are the alkali metal salts of sulphuric monoesters of alkylphenols or alcohols, and also the sulphuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkylphenols or ethoxylated alcohols, preferably the alkali metal salts of the sulphuric monoester of a nonylphenol reacted with from 4 to 5 mol of ethylene oxide per mole, alkyl- or arylsulphonates, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl ethoxylate sulphate and secondary sodium alkanesulphonates whose carbon chain contains 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the amount of anionic emulsifier is from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the monomers, preferably from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight. Furthermore, in order to increase the stability of the aqueous dispersions (i), it is possible in addition to employ a nonionic emulsifier of the type of an ethoxylated alkylphenol or fatty alcohol, for example an adduct of 1 mol of nonylphenol and 4 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide in a mixture with the anionic emulsifier.
• the minimum film-forming temperature (MFT) of the acrylate (co)polymer lies preferably between ⁇ 30° C. and 60° C., with particular preference between 0° C. and 30° C.
• the acrylate polymer employed in accordance with the invention preferably has a number-average molecular weight Mn of from 200,000 to 2,000,000 daltons, preferably from 300,000 to 1,500,000 daltons (determination: by gel permeation chromatography with polystyrene as standard).
• Component (ii) of the basecoat of the invention consists of an aqueous dispersion of a polymer which, as described in DE-A-43 39 870, is obtainable by subjecting an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers to free-radical polymerization in the presence of a water-insoluble initiator or of a mixture of water-insoluble initiators and in an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane resin which has a number-average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 30,000 daltons and comprises on average from 0.05 to 1.1 polymerizable double bonds per molecule, the weight ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers lying between 1:10 and 10:1. It is preferably anionic and has an acid number of between 20 and 60 mg of KOH/g.
• aqueous dispersion of the polyurethane resin in which the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers is subjected to free-radical polymerization in the presence of a water-insoluble initiator or of a mixture of water-insoluble initiators is preparable, in accordance with DE-A 43 39 870, by using
• a compound which in addition to a polymerizable double bond also comprises at least one further NCO-reactive group, or a mixture of such compounds, and
• a polyurethane resin which has a number-average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 30,000 daltons, preferably from 1500 to 20,000 daltons and comprises on average from 0.05 to 1.1, preferably from 0.2 to 0.9 polymerizable double bonds, and dispersing this resin in water.
• the polyurethane resin can be prepared either in bulk or in organic solvents.
• the polyurethane resin can be prepared by simultaneously reacting all of the starting compounds. In many cases, however, it is judicious to prepare the polyurethane resin in stages. Thus it is possible, for example, to prepare from components (a) and (b) an isocyanate-functional prepolymer which is then reacted further with component (c) or (d) or (e). It is also possible to prepare from components (a) and (b) and (c) or (d) or (e) and, if desired, (f) an isocyanate-functional prepolymer which can then be reacted with component (g) to give a polyurethane resin of relatively high molecular mass.
• reaction with component (g) can be carried out in bulk or—as described for example in EP-A 0 297 576—in water.
• component (f) of a compound which comprises only one isocyanate-reactive group it is possible in a first stage to prepare from (b) and (f) an isocyanate-functional precursor which can subsequently be reacted further with the other components.
• reaction of components (a) to (g) can also be carried out in the presence of catalysts, such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate and tertiary amines, for example.
• catalysts such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate and tertiary amines, for example.
• the amounts of component (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) to be employed result from the target number-average molecular weight Mn and from the target acid number.
• the polymerizable double bonds can be introduced into the polyurethane molecules by using (a) components having polymerizable double bonds and/or (b) components having polymerizable double bonds and/or by the component (f). It is preferred to introduce the polymerizable double bonds by way of component (f). It is additionally preferred, as groups containing polymerizable double bonds, to introduce acrylate, methacrylate or allyl ether groups into the polyurethane resin molecules.
• component (a) it is possible to employ saturated and Uneburated polyester- and/or polyether polyols, especially polyester- and/or polyetherdiols having a number-average molecular weight of from 400 to 5000 daltons.
• polyester- and/or polyetherdiols having a number-average molecular weight of from 400 to 5000 daltons.
• Such components are taught in. DE-A 43 39 870.
• component (b) it is possible to employ aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic polyisocyanates.
• aromatic polyisocyanates arc phenylene diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, xylylenc diisocyanate, bipbenylene duisocyanate, maptihylene diisocyannate and diphenylmlethane diisocyanate.
• (cyclo)aliphatic polyisocyanates give rise to products having little tendency to yellowing
• Such components (b) are taught in DE-A43 39 870.
• hydrophilic groups are introduced into the polyurethane resin by component (c) or component (d) or component (e).
• the groups of component (c) that are capable of forming anions are neutralized with a base, preferably ammonia or a tertiary amine, such as dimethylethanolamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine and tributylamine, for example, prior to or during the dispersion of the polyurethane resin in water, so that after neutralization the polyurethane resin comprises anionic groups.
• component (c) is employed exclusively as the component supplying hydrophilic groups
• component (c) is employed in an amount such that the polyurethane resin has an acid number of from 15 to 80 mg of KOH/g, preferably from 20 to 60 mg of KOH/g.
• component (d) is employed exclusively as the component supplying hydrophilic groups
• component (d) is employed in an amount such that the polyurethane resin comprises from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 30% by weight of oxyalkylene groups, it being necessary to include in any calculation oxyalkylene groups introduced, if appropriate, by component (a).
• component (e) is employed as the component supplying hydrophilic groups
• the amounts of component (c) and (d) to be employed lie, in accordance with their mutual proportion in the mixture, between the values indicated above for the cases where components (c) and (d) respectively are employed as sole supplier of hydrophilic groups.
• the skilled worker can readily determine the amounts of component (c), (d) or (e) to be employed by simple routine experiments. All he or she need do by means of simple series of experiments is to examine how high the proportion of hydrophilic groups must be, at least, to obtain a stable aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion.
• He or she can of course also use generally conventional dispersing auxiliaries, such as emulsifiers, for example, as well in order to stabilize the polyurethane resin dispersions.
• dispersing auxiliaries such as emulsifiers, for example.
• the additional use of dispersing auxiliaries is not preferred since they generally increase the sensitivity of the resulting basecoats to moisture.
• component (c) it is preferred to employ compounds which comprise two isocyanate-reactive groups in the molecule.
• Suitable isocyanate-reactive groups are, in particular, hydroxyl groups, and also primary and/or secondary amino groups.
• Suitable groups capable of forming anions are carboxyl groups, sulphonic acid groups and/or phosphonic acid groups, preference being given to carboxyl groups.
• component (d) With the aid of component (d) it is possible to introduce poly(oxyalkylene) groups as nonionic stabilizing groups into the polyurethane molecules.
• component (d) it is possible, for example, to employ alkoxypoly(oxyalkylene) alcohols of the general formula R′O—(—CH 2 —CHR′′—O—) n —H in which R′ is an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R′′ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 20 and 75.
• Component (f) is used to introduce polymerizable double bonds into the polyurethane resin molecules. It is preferred as component (f) to employ a compound which comprises at least one NCO-reactive group and one polymerizable double bond. Particular preference is given to employing, as component (f), compounds which in addition to a polymerizable double bond also comprise two NCO-reactive groups. Examples of NCO-reactive groups are —OH, —SH, >NH and —NH 2 groups, preference being given to —OH, >NH and NH 2 groups.
• Examples of compounds which can be employed as component (f) are hydroxy (meth)acrylates, especially hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, such as hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl or hydroxyhexyl (meth)-acrylate and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl monoallyl ether, glyceryl mono-(meth)acrylate, glyceryl monoallyl ether, pentaerythrityl mono(meth)acrylate, pentaerythrityl di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythrityl monoallyl ether, pentaerythrityl diallyl ether, trimethylolpropane monoallyl ether, trimethylolpropane mono(meth)acrylate and trimethylolpropane diallyl ether.
• hydroxy (meth)acrylates especially hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, such as hydroxy
• component (f) it is preferred to employ glyceryl mono(meth)acrylate, pentaerythrityl di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythrityl diallyl ether and trimethylolpropane mono(meth)acrylate.
• component (f) it is particularly preferred to employ trimethylolpropane monoallyl ether, glyceryl monoallyl ether and allyl 2,3-dihydroxypropanoate. It is preferred to incorporate the (f) components which comprise at least two NCO-reactive groups into the polyurethane molecules at sites within the chain (not at the ends).
• component (g) it is possible, for example, to employ polyols having molecular weights of between 60 and 399 daltons, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, castor oil or hydrogenated castor oil, ditrimethylolpropane ether, pentaerythritol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, neopentyl glycol, neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate, hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, and mixtures thereof.
• the polyols are generally employed in amounts of up to 30% by weight, preferably from 2 to
• component (g) it is also possible to employ di- and/or polyamines having primary and/or secondary amino groups.
• Polyamines are essentially alkylene-polyamines having molecular weights of between 60 and 399 daltons. They can carry substituents which have no isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms. Examples are polyamines with a linear or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic structure and with at least two primary amino groups.
• Diamines which may be mentioned are hydrazine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine, piperazine, 1,4-cyclohexyldimethylamine, 1,6-hexa-methylenediamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, menthanediamine, isophoronediamine, 4,4′-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane and aminoethylethanolamine.
• Preferred diamines are hydrazine, alkyl- or cycloalkyldiamines, such as propylenediamine and 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane.
• component (g) polyamines which comprise more than two amino groups in the molecule.
• monoamines for example by using monoamines as well—that no crosslinked polyurethane resins are obtained.
• Such polyamines which can be used are diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, dipropylenetriamine and dibutylenetriamine.
• An example of a monoamine is ethylhexylamine.
• the binder present in component (ii) of the invention is obtainable by subjecting an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers to free-radical polymerization in the presence of a water-insoluble initiator or of a mixture of water-insoluble initiators and in the aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion described above, the weight ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers lying between 1:10 and 10:1, preferably between 1:2 and 2:1.
• Ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be employed are:
• mixtures consisting of from 40 to 100% by weight, preferably from 60 to 90% by weight of component ( ⁇ ), from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 25% by weight of component ( ⁇ ), from 0 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0 to 5% by weight and, with very particular preference, 0% by weight of component ( ⁇ ) and from 0 to 50% by weight, preferably from 0 to 30% by weight of component ( ⁇ ) and also from 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0% by weight of component ( ⁇ ), the sum of the proportions by weight of ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ) and ( ⁇ ) always being 100% by weight.
• component ( ⁇ ) it is possible, for example, to employ cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates having up to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, ethylhexyl, stearyl and lauryl acrylate and methacrylate, or mixtures of these monomers.
• alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, ethylhexyl, stearyl and lauryl acrylate and methacrylate, or mixtures of these monomers.
• component ( ⁇ ) it is possible, for example, to employ hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or another alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. These esters can be derived from an alkylene glycol, which is esterified with the acid, or they can be obtained by reacting the acid with an alkylene oxide. As component ( ⁇ ) it is preferred to employ hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid in which the hydroxyalkyl group contains up to 6 carbon atoms, or mixtures of these hydroxyalkyl esters. Examples in this context can be found in DE-A 43 39 870.
• component ( ⁇ ) it is preferred to employ acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid.
• acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid Alternatively, other ethylenically unsaturated acids having up to 6 carbon atoms in the molecule can be employed. Examples of such acids are ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid.
• component ( ⁇ ) it is possible, for example, to employ vinylaromatic hydrocarbons, such as styrene, alpha-alkylstyrene and vinyltoluene, acrylamide and methacrylamide and acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, or mixtures of these monomers.
• vinylaromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene, alpha-alkylstyrene and vinyltoluene, acrylamide and methacrylamide and acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, or mixtures of these monomers.
• components ( ⁇ ) it is possible to employ compounds which comprise at least two free-radically polymerizable double bonds in the molecule.
• examples are divinylbenzene, p-methyldivinylbenzene, o-nonyl-divinylbenzene, ethanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythrityl di(meth)acrylate, allyl methacrylate, diallyl phthalate, butanediol divinyl ether, divinyl-ethyleneurea, divinylpropyleneurea, diallyl maleate, etc.
• water-insoluble initiators which can be employed are water-insoluble azo compounds and water-insoluble peroxy compounds.
• water-insoluble azo compounds are 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(isovaleronitrile), 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexane-carbonitrile) and 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvalero-nitrile).
• water-insoluble peroxy compounds examples include t-amyl peroxyethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxy-ethylhexanoate, dilauryl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-1-butyl peroxyethyl-hexanoate.
• the polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or of the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be carried out by adding the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers slowly to the aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion.
• the monomers to be polymerized can be brought, with the aid of a portion of the polyurethane resin dispersion and water, into the form of a pre-emulsion which is then added slowly to the initial charge.
• the feed time for the monomers to be polymerized amounts in general to from 2 to 8 hours, preferably from about 3 to 4 hours.
• the water-insoluble initiators can be added to the initial charge or can be added dropwise together with the monomers. They can also be added proportionately to the initial charge which comprises a portion of the monomers. The remainder of initiator is then metered in with the remaining monomers.
• the reaction temperature depends on the rate of dissociation of the initiator or initiator mixture and can be lowered, if desired, by means of suitable organic redox systems. Polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or of the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers takes place in general at a temperature of from 30 to 100° C., in particular at a temperature of from 60 to 95° C. When operating at superatmospheric pressure, the reaction temperatures may exceed 100° C.
• the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers is to be selected such that the binder polymers obtained in the manner described above have a hydroxyl number of from 0 to 100 mg of KOH/g, preferably from 0 to 80 mg of KOH/g and an acid number of from 10 to 40 mg of KOH/g, preferably from 15 to 30 mg of KOH/g.
• component (iii) of the basecoat composition synthetic polymers having ionic and/or associative groups are particularly suitable.
• synthetic polymers having ionic and/or associative groups are particularly suitable.
• these are polyvinyl alcohol, poly(meth)acrylamide, poly(meth)acrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene-maleic anhydride or ethylenemaleic anhydride copolymers and their derivatives or else hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes or polyacrylates.
• Theological assistant is intended to give the basecoat composition the desired viscosity, in particular at the pH employed. For this reason, particular suitability is possessed by ionic acrylate dispersions which form fibrelike gels at the pH values which are present in the paint system prior to curing and so settle over the other constituents or bind them loosely, as a result of which a filmlike structure is obtained even prior to the baking or drying of the coating material. It is particularly preferred to employ polyacrylic acid dispersions which may, if desired, be present as polymers with further comonomers.
• the rheological assistant is present in the basecoat composition used in accordance with the invention in an amount, preferably, of from 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, in particular from about 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the solids content.
• suitable rheological assistants are xanthan gum, diurea compounds, polyurethane thickeners, bentonite, waxes and wax copolymers and, preferably, ionic phyllosilicates, and mixtures thereof.
• rheological assistants (iii) is given to mixtures of the abovementioned synthetic polymers having ionic or associative groups and the ionic phyllosilicates.
• crosslinkers it is possible in particular to employ the crosslinkers known in the coatings field, such as melamine resins or block polyisocyanates, which are able to react with free OH groups.
• the coating composition of the invention may additionally include, as crosslinking auxiliary binders, epoxy-functional and/or carboxyl-functional constituents, such as customary glycidyl compounds, examples being glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate.
• suitable carboxyl-functional crosslinkers are carboxylic acids, especially saturated, straight-chain, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, with dodecane-1,12-dioic acid being employed with preference.
• polyvinyl alcohol As a further auxiliary binder it is also possible, if desired, to employ polyvinyl alcohol. It has been found that the addition of polyvinyl alcohol in an amount of up to 10% by weight, preferably from 1 to 5% by weight, makes it possible to improve the compatibility with the transparent topcoat compositions applied to the basecoat composition. Polyvinyl alcohol has a solvent-repelling effect, so that any solvent or other components possibly present in the topcoat composition are unable, owing to the repellent effect of the polyvinyl alcohol, to penetrate into the basecoat composition and alter the colour.
• the basecoat compositions may also include further compatible water-dilutable resins, examples being amino resins, polyesters, block polyurethanes, such as those described in DE-A 41 07 136, for example, and polyurethanes which generally serve as grinding resins for the pigments or as additional binders.
• the basecoat compositions employed in accordance with the invention generally have a solids content of from about 15 to 60% by weight.
• the solids content varies with the intended use of the coating compositions.
• metallic coating materials for example, it is preferably from 12 to 25% by weight.
• solid-colour coating materials it is higher, for example preferably from 25 to 60% by weight.
• Components (i) and (ii) can be neutralized using amines (especially alkylamines), amino alcohols and cyclic amines, such as di- and triethylamine, amino methylpropanol, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, diiso-propanolamine, morpholine, N-alkylmorpholine.
• amines especially alkylamines
• amino alcohols and cyclic amines such as di- and triethylamine, amino methylpropanol, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, diiso-propanolamine, morpholine, N-alkylmorpholine.
• amino alcohols and cyclic amines such as di- and triethylamine, amino methylpropanol, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, diiso-propanolamine, morpholine, N-alkylmorpholine.
• ammonia preference is given to readily volatile amines, and particular preference to
• the basecoat composition can include organic solvents in an amount of up to 15% by weight.
• suitable organic solvents are naphthalenes, benzenes and alcohols.
• Further organic solvents which may be present in the basecoats of the invention are alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol and other diols, such as dimethylolcyclohexane, and also, preferably, butyl glycol or ethylhexanol.
• the basecoat composition can include customary pigments employed for coating car bodies, examples being special-effect pigments and also organic and inorganic colouring pigments.
• suitable special-effect pigments are customary commercial aluminium bronzes, the aluminium bronzes chromatized in accordance with DE-A 36 36 183, customary commercial stainless steel bronzes, and also other customary metal platelets and metal flake pigments and also nonmetallic special-effect pigments, such as pearl lustre pigments and interference pigments, for example.
• inorganic colour pigments examples include titanium dioxide, iron oxides and carbon black and the like.
• organic colour pigments examples include Indanthrene blue, Cromophthal red, Irgazine orange, Sicotrans yellow, Heliogen green and the like. It is also possible for anticorrosive pigments such as zinc phosphate, to be present.
• the basecoat composition may also include extenders which are customary in the field of paint chemistry. These include silica, magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide and barium sulphate.
• the proportion of pigments and extenders in the coating composition of the invention can in total amount to from 3 to 65% by weight, based on the solids content.
• the pigment can be added in any desired manner: for example, as an aqueous slurry or as a paste.
• Such pastes preferably comprise a grinding binder, preferably based on polyurethane, such as, for example, the polyurethane resins described in DE-A 40 10 176 or DE-A 41 07 136, one of the abovementioned rheological assistants, deionized water, organic solvent, and the pigment or a mixture of pigments.
• a grinding binder preferably based on polyurethane, such as, for example, the polyurethane resins described in DE-A 40 10 176 or DE-A 41 07 136, one of the abovementioned rheological assistants, deionized water, organic solvent, and the pigment or a mixture of pigments.
• aluminium and/or flakes is/are employed, they
• components (i) and (ii) may vary depending on the pigment employed. If the pigments are organic and/or inorganic colour pigments, then components (i) and (ii) are present in the basecoat composition preferably in an amount of from 10 to 60% by weight, based on the solids content of the basecoat composition. If the pigments are special-effect pigments, components (i) and (ii) are preferably present in the basecoat composition in an amount of from 30 to 80% by weight, based on the solids content of the basecoat composition.
• the basecoat composition may include film-forming auxiliaries.
• suitable film-forming auxiliaries are dialkyl dicarboxylates, high-boiling benzines and naphthalenes, which have a boiling point above 100° C., preferably above 140° C.
• the basecoat composition may, if desired, also comprise further auxiliaries and additives.
• auxiliaries and additives examples include catalysts, assistants, defoamers, dispersing auxiliaries, wetting agents, preferably carboxy-functional dispersants, antioxidants, UV absorbers, free-radical scavengers, levelling agents, biocides and/or water-retention agents.
• the basecoat composition is applied to a substrate surface coated with a customary surfacer or, if desired, to a substrate surface that has already been coated with a first, preferably aqueous basecoat, for example a thin-film surfacer.
• aqueous basecoat for example a thin-film surfacer.
• surfacers it is possible to employ any prior art surfacers which exhibit good physical drying.
• aqueous thin-film surfacers it is preferred to employ the coating materials described in DE-A 44 38 504.
• the surfacer coat, or the first basecoat film employed instead of the surfacer coat can be flashed off briefly before the basecoat film of the invention is applied.
• the basecoat composition according to the invention is applied in a conventional manner, for example by spraying, brushing, dipping, flooding, knifecoating or rolling, to the substrate, such as metal, plastic, wood or glass, for example.
• the basecoat composition Prior to application to the surfacer coat or to the first basecoat film employed instead of the surfacer coat, the basecoat composition may, if desired, be admixed with water in order to adjust the solids content, solvent or rheological assistant to adjust the performance properties, and, if desired, a base to regulate the pH. Should the viscosity still not lie within the desired range, it is possible to add further rheological assistant (iii) or other thickeners, which, if used, are added in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.2% by weight, based on the solids content.
• the basecoat film of the invention that is applied to the substrate is generally overcoated with a suitable transparent topcoat.
• a suitable transparent topcoat For applying the transparent topcoat it is advantageous briefly to flash off the coating composition, preferably for from 1 to 15 minutes and, in particular, for from 4 to 8 minutes at a temperature of from 60 to 100° C.
• the flashoff time depends on the temperature and can be adjusted over wide ranges.
• the transparent topcoat it is possible to apply all customary topcoats.
• the clearcoats used in the field of paint chemistry such as water- or solvent-based clearcoats, transparent powder coating materials, powder slurry clearcoats, such in particular as those described in WO 96/32452, solvent-containing and aqueous two-component clearcoats, or others.
• the transparent topcoat can be applied by customary processes known in the prior art.
• a further subject of the present invention is a process for producing a substrate coated with a plurality of coats, the coating being applied to the substrate surface by
• the baking temperatures are generally between 110 and 180° C., preferably between 130 and 155° C., and the baking times are between 10 and 45 minutes, preferably about 30 minutes.
• a grinding binder prepared in accordance with Example 1 of DE-A 40 10 176 are admixed in succession and with vigorous stirring with 175 g of a methanol-etherified melamine resin (HMMM from Dyno Cyanamid), 249.0 g of deionized water, 1.8 g of ammonia (25% strength aqueous solution), 2.5 g of a polyacrylic acid rheological assistant (Viscalex HV30: Allied Colloids), 25 g of butoxypropanol, 122.7 g of butyl glycol, 51 g of a 506 strength solution of tetramethyldecynediol in butyl glycol, 144.3 g of phthalocyanine green (Heliogen green L8730 from BASF AG), 36 g of phthalocyanine blue (Palomar blue from Mobay), 5.6 g of pigment-grade carbon black (FW2 from Degussa AG), 17.25 g of Aerosil R805
• a mixing vessel is charged with 15.6 parts by weight of water and 0.5 part by weight of butyl glycol. With stirring, 8 parts by weight of aqueous acrylate dispersion Acronal® 290D (BASF AG) (component (i)), 20.8 parts by weight of aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion in accordance with Example 1 in DE-A 43 39 870 (component (ii)) and for neutralization, 0.07 part by weight of 25% strength aqueous ammonia solution are added.
• the mixture obtained is admixed slowly with a mixture of 15 parts by weight of water, 1.66 parts by weight of Viscalex HV30 from Allied Colloids and, for further neutralization, 0.08 part by weight of a 25% strength aqueous ammonia solution. Subsequently, 26.0 parts by weight of the millbase paste prepared in Example 1.1 are added with vigorous stirring.
• the viscosity of the resulting coating material is adjusted with deionized water to about 90 mPas at 1000/s.
• the basecoats C1, where only Acronal® 290D (component (i)) is employed, and C2, where only the polyurethane resin dispersion of Example 1 of D-A 43 89 870 (component (ii)) is employed, are formulated as comparative examples.
• the basecoats B1, C1 and C2 are identical, as shown in the following table (in the order of their addition according to Example 1):
• 30.9 g of a binder prepared in accordance with Example 1 of DE-A 44 38 504 (31% solids content) are admixed in succession and with vigorous stirring with 0.5 g of Additol XW395 (from Hoechst AG), 1.8 g of a 50% strength solution of tetramethyldecynol in butyl glycol, 0.2 g of Aerosil R805 (from Degussa AG), 0.02 g of pigment-grade carbon black (FW2 from Degussa AG), 0.3 g of Titanrutil R900 (from DuPont), 3.45 g of Heliogen green L8730 (from BASF AG), 0.35 g of Bayferox (from Bayer AG), 2.95 g of Hostaperm-Gelb (yellow) H3G (from Hoechst AG), 4.0 g of Talkum 10 MO (from Luzenac), 3.1 g of Blanc Fixe Plv.
• Additol XW395 from Hoech
• the thin-film surfacer is adjusted with deionized water to a viscosity of 30 seconds in the DIN 4 cup.
• the thin-film surfacer of Example 3 is first of all applied to a bodywork panel coated with a customary commercial electrodeposition coating material, left to evaporate at 20° C. for 5 minutes and kept at 80° C. for 5 minutes in a convection oven so that the dried thin-film surfacer has a dry-film thickness of about 15 ⁇ m.
• the bodywork panel coated in this way is coated with the basecoats B1, C1 and C2 prepared in accordance with Example 2, left to evaporate at 20° C. for 5 minutes and kept at 80° C. for 5 minutes in a convection oven so that the dried basecoat film has a dry-film thickness of about 15 ⁇ m.
• This system is coated with a powder slurry clearcoat in accordance with the example of WO 96/32452, left to evaporate at 20° C. for 5 minutes, pre-dried in a convection oven for 5 minutes at a panel temperature of 50° C. and finally baked at 150° C. for 30 minutes.
• the dry-film thickness of the clearcoat film is about 40 ⁇ m.
• Tests are carried out on the unexposed clearcoat film and following condensation exposure.
• a knife is used to make two parallel cuts (about 3 cm long and at a distance of about 1 cm) on the coated metal panel such that the depth of the cut reaches down to the panel.
• a cloth adhesive tape from Beiersdorf is bonded at right angles over the scribe marks.
• the adhesive tape is pressed on firmly using a wooden spatula. Subsequently, the adhesive tape is torn off suddenly perpendicular to the substrate. This procedure is carried out 8 times at the same test site with fresh adhesive tape in each case. Assessment is made visually: if the coating shows no damage, it is assessed as “satisfactory” (“sat.”). Paint delamination is assessed as “unsatisfactory” (“unsat.”).
• the adhesion test is carried out after condensation exposure, which is conducted in accordance with DIN 5001KK, by means of the cross-cut test in accordance with EN ISO 2409 after 0 and 2 hours of regeneration, respectively.

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• 1997
  • 1997-08-22 DE DE19736535A patent/DE19736535C1/de not_active Revoked
• 1998
  • 1998-07-31 EP EP98939649A patent/EP1005512B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-07-31 KR KR1020007001734A patent/KR20010023112A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-07-31 JP JP2000507754A patent/JP4084924B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 1998-07-31 DE DE59805729T patent/DE59805729D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-07-31 WO PCT/EP1998/004802 patent/WO1999010439A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-07-31 US US09/486,103 patent/US6607788B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-07-31 AU AU88083/98A patent/AU8808398A/en not_active Abandoned
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