US6366245B1 - Device for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic radiation - Google Patents

Device for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
US6366245B1
US6366245B1 US09/468,197 US46819799A US6366245B1 US 6366245 B1 US6366245 B1 US 6366245B1 US 46819799 A US46819799 A US 46819799A US 6366245 B1 US6366245 B1 US 6366245B1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cover
transmitting
receiving element
prefocusing
additional
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Expired - Fee Related
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US09/468,197
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English (en)
Inventor
Ewald Schmidt
Klaus Voigtlaender
Bernhard Lucas
Thomas Beez
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Assigned to ROBERT BOSCH GMBH reassignment ROBERT BOSCH GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BEEZ, THOMAS, LUCAS, BERNHARD, SCHMIDT, EWALD, VOIGTLAENDER, KLAUS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/032—Constructional details for solid-state radar subsystems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves, the device including at least one transmitting/receiving element, as well as a dielectric lens.
  • the at least one transmitting/receiving element subsequently referred to in general as aerial element, is used in this context for exciting or actually receiving the electromagnetic waves.
  • the dielectric lens is used for generating a directional effect or desired antenna lobes.
  • An application of the device according to the present invention is, for example, in a motor vehicle's radar system for detecting vehicles driving in front.
  • a device including at least one aerial element as well as a dielectric lens, is described, for example, in European Patent No. 0 498 524. It also describes a motor-vehicle radar system designed for detecting vehicles driving up ahead.
  • a so-called bistatic radar sensor i.e., a radar sensor having separate aerials for the transmission and receiving paths.
  • each of the two aerials includes a dielectric lens and at least one aerial element.
  • the difficulty with such a device, particularly with a transmitting aerial is that the angle of aperture of the aerial element(s) is normally wider than the dielectric lens. This means that a portion of the generated electromagnetic wave spills over the dielectric lens. Accordingly, this component is not focused by the dielectric lens in the desired direction, which reduces the overall aerial gain of the device.
  • PCT International Publication No. WO 97/02496 describes a monostatic radar sensor which is also designed for use in motor vehicles.
  • monostatic means that the same aerial is used for the transmission path and the receiving path.
  • the aerial includes at least three aerial elements, as well as a dielectric lens positioned in front of them.
  • a so-called polyrod in front of each aerial element.
  • This polyrod is a roughly conical dielectric body, whose dielectric properties effect a prefocusing of the generated electromagnetic wave.
  • difficulties are posed by the precise adjustment of the individual polyrods. Every deviation, be it ever so small, from the ideal position causes, in turn, lens spillover.
  • a device for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves is known from German Patent No. 197 10 811.
  • This device is made up of at least one aerial element, a dielectric lens, and a dielectric body, which is positioned between the aerial elements and the dielectric lens.
  • the purpose of this dielectric body is to avoid dielectric lens spillovers and to prefocus the electromagnetic waves emitted by and/or received from the aerial element.
  • the dielectric body extends out two-dimensionally.
  • the pot-shaped dielectric body forms, in conjunction with a base plate on which additional electronic components are arranged, a hermetically impervious enclosure for the aerial element and the additional electronic components.
  • An object of the present invention is, accordingly, to provide a device which, on the one hand, will prevent spillover of a focusing element and, on the other hand, will enable an exact adjustment of prefocusing elements.
  • a device for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves including at least one printed circuit board having at least one transmitting/receiving element, at least one focusing dielectric lens, and at least one additional prefocusing body, which is positioned between the transmitting/receiving element and the dielectric lens, a cover being positioned in the plane between the transmitting/receiving element and the dielectric lens, the cover having at least one bushing for the additional prefocusing body and surrounding and fixing in place the additional prefocusing body held in the bushing.
  • An advantage of this design approach is that the cover of the present invention first of all prevents a spillover of the focusing dielectric lens, and secondly, fixes the additional prefocusing body in its position, by holding it in the bushing of the cover. This has the particular advantage of making an exact adjustment possible when mounting the prefocusing body.
  • the additional prefocusing body is a dielectric rod antenna, a dielectric lens, a plane-parallel dielectric plate, an aperture plate, a slotted diaphragm, and/or a metal plate lens. All of these variants of the device according to the present invention are especially well suited for prefocusing the electromagnetic waves emitted by and/or received from the transmitting/receiving elements, in or from the direction of the dielectric lens, respectively.
  • the cover is designed to absorb electromagnetic waves. This absorption effect prevents a spillover of the focusing element in a very unique manner.
  • the cover rests advantageously on the printed circuit board and/or surrounds the transmitting/receiving element in a hood-like fashion.
  • This embodiment of the device according to the present invention ensures that the transmitting/receiving elements, which are a substantial source of electromagnetic waves, are reliably covered.
  • the cover dimensions are no greater than necessary in this case.
  • the cover surrounds the transmitting/receiving element right down to the location of the bushing, rendering the element impervious to high frequencies.
  • the additional prefocusing body which focuses electromagnetic waves, but does not completely absorb or shield from them, is positioned at the location of the bushing. Because this cover is impervious to high frequencies, high frequency, electromagnetic scattered radiation is shielded in a particularly advantageous fashion and, therefore, cannot escape from the inside of the device according to the present invention.
  • These advantageous materials provide an especially good absorption and shielding effect for electromagnetic waves, depending on the ratio of graphite to plastic or steel fiber to plastic in the mixture.
  • the transmitting/receiving element is designed as a patch antenna element manufactured using microstrip technology.
  • This type of antenna (aerial) element offers, inter alia, the advantages of large-scale production and especially small size.
  • the application of the device according to the present invention is especially advantageous when the occurring electromagnetic waves are in the microwave range. This is particularly the case when working with a motor vehicle's radar system for detecting vehicles driving up ahead.
  • At least one circuit arrangement is configured on the printed circuit board. This has the advantage that the component parts combined in the circuit arrangement are surrounded by the cover as well.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first specific embodiment of the device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cover, as used in the device according to the present invention, in a different view.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a dielectric rod antenna (polyrod).
  • FIG. 1 depicts a first exemplary embodiment of the device according to the present invention for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves.
  • this device is, for example, a motor vehicle's radar system for detecting automobiles driving up ahead. Its cross-sectional view is illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the device according to the present invention includes a housing 10 , which is closed in the beam direction by a focusing dielectric lens 11 .
  • a printed circuit board 13 is disposed inside housing 10 on a base plate 12 .
  • three transmitting/receiving elements 14 are mounted on printed circuit board 13 .
  • a circuit arrangement 15 is integrated on the printed circuit board.
  • Printed circuit board 13 having transmitting/receiving elements 14 and circuit arrangement 15 mounted thereon is surrounded by a cover 16 of the present invention in a hood-like fashion, the cover being fastened to the base plate.
  • cover 16 Disposed inside cover 16 , on printed circuit board 13 at the locations of the transmitting/receiving elements 14 , are bushings, into which prefocusing bodies 17 are inserted. Configuring prefocusing bodies 17 in this manner in the bushings of cover 16 fixes the prefocusing bodies in their position.
  • Interfering high frequency radiation can be produced in the area between cover 16 and base plate 12 by the wiring system leading to the transmitting/receiving elements.
  • This wiring system includes the components, known to one skilled in the art, of a motor vehicle's radar system which operates in the microwave range.
  • cover 16 is manufactured from a material which absorbs electromagnetic waves or constitutes a barrier for high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • Plastic filled with graphite or plastic filled with steel fibers presents itself, in particular, as a material having these properties.
  • Transmitting/receiving elements 14 shown in FIG. 1 are designed as patch antenna elements manufactured using microstrip technology.
  • the electromagnetic waves emitted from these aerial elements are prefocused by prefocusing bodies 17 , and focused by focusing dielectric lens 11 in the final target direction.
  • this target direction is, e.g., a vehicle driving out front that needs to be detected.
  • the path of the electromagnetic waves is then reversed, accordingly, in the receiving direction.
  • a motor vehicle's radar system such as the one shown in FIG. 1, can be designed as a monostatic radar system. This radar system makes it is possible to simultaneously transmit and receive electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cover 20 which, from the dimensions, could represent, e.g., a view of cover 16 illustrated in FIG. 1, from the direction of dielectric lens 11 .
  • Three bushings 21 into which prefocusing bodies can be inserted, as shown in FIG. 1, are configured inside cover 20 .
  • three fixing points 22 are shown which, analogously to FIG. 1, can be used to securely join cover 20 to a base plate in a motor vehicle's radar system. Screws can be used, e.g., for the connection at illustrated fixing points 22 .
  • a bonding or hooking of cover 20 would be equally possible.
  • FIG. 3 A second exemplary embodiment of the device according to the present invention for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic radiation is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • This embodiment relates to a motor vehicle's radar system as well, which mainly has components analogous to those in FIG. 1 . These components analogous to those in FIG. 1 are indicated by reference numerals identical to those in FIG. 1 .
  • the main difference from the previous embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that printed circuit board 33 , which is positioned on base plate 12 , has dimensions greater than those of printed circuit board 13 in FIG. 1 . The greater dimensions of printed circuit board 33 make it possible for cover 36 to rest directly on the printed circuit board.
  • a decided advantage of this specific embodiment is that the complete unit, including printed circuit board 13 , transmitting/receiving elements 14 , circuit arrangement 15 , prefocusing bodies 17 , and cover 36 , can be assembled separately and brought as a complete unit into housing 10 , onto base plate 12 .
  • covers 16 and 36 respectively, have a one-piece construction. However, it is within the framework of the device according to the present invention for these covers to be made of several sections. Important in this context is merely that the cover have the described effect of absorbing electromagnetic waves or of being impervious to high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 4 shows a dielectric rod antenna (polyrod) which is inserted quite advantageously as a prefocusing body into the bushings of the cover.
  • this polyrod 40 redirects the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted or received.
  • dielectric lenses, plane-parallel dielectric plates, aperture plates, slotted diaphragms, or metal plate lenses can be used as prefocusing bodies.
  • Covers 16 and 36 illustrated in the exemplary embodiments and having appropriate prefocusing bodies 17 can, for example, be manufactured using a multicomponent injection-molding process.
  • cover 16 or 36 is first fabricated in an injection molding process, and the prefocusing elements made from microwave-conductive material are then inserted in an additional injection molding process.
  • the covers having the integrated prefocusing bodies are able to be manufactured very cost-effectively and precisely. This precise manufacturing method is necessary in order to permit an exact adjustment of the prefocusing bodies during subsequent assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
US09/468,197 1998-12-21 1999-12-21 Device for directionally emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic radiation Expired - Fee Related US6366245B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19859002A DE19859002A1 (de) 1998-12-21 1998-12-21 Vorrichtung zum gerichteten Abstrahlen und/oder Aufnehmen elektromagnetischer Strahlung
DE19859002 1998-12-21

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US (1) US6366245B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000196346A (fr)
DE (1) DE19859002A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2789522B1 (fr)

Cited By (31)

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US6462700B1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2002-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Asymmetrical multi-beam radar sensor
US6518932B1 (en) * 1999-02-15 2003-02-11 Communications Research Laboratory, Independent Administrative Institute Radio communication device
US20030058181A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-03-27 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Converter for satellite broadcast reception that secures isolation between vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves
US20030169199A1 (en) * 2002-01-24 2003-09-11 Nobuhiro Kondo Radar head module
US20040070539A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-04-15 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Antenna unit stable in antenna characteristics and achievable in lengthening of life
US20040200650A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-10-14 Polak Anthony J. Automotive drive assistance system and method
US20050069277A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-03-31 Terumi Nakazawa Mobile millimetric wave radar
US20050128144A1 (en) * 2002-02-09 2005-06-16 Armin Himmelstoss Device for emitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation
US20050224246A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2005-10-13 Frank Gottwald Power circuit breaker
WO2006048352A2 (fr) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ensemble antenne
WO2008114043A1 (fr) * 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Siemens Milltronics Process Instruments, Inc. Dispositif de détection de niveau
US20090121954A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2009-05-14 Thomas Binzer Device for Emitting and Receiving Electromagnetic Radiation
US20090243948A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2009-10-01 Ewald Schmidt Modular unit for a radar antenna array having an integrated hf chip
US20090302239A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2009-12-10 Lenstar Co., Ltd. Device using dielectric lens
EP2219045A1 (fr) 2009-01-28 2010-08-18 Siemens Milltronics Process Instruments Inc. Module haute fréquence de radar
US20100225764A1 (en) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-09 Nizko Henry J System and method for occupancy detection
US20110181484A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2011-07-28 Vubiq, Inc. Integrated antenna and chip package and method of manufacturing thereof
EP2186161B1 (fr) * 2007-08-23 2012-11-14 Robert Bosch GmbH Dispositif de détection par radar
US20140176377A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Antenna system
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US9313934B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-12 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Dispensible electrical gasket, electronic module having dispensible electrical gasket, and method of fabricating same
US9332680B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-03 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Electrical gasket and electronic module having electrical gasket
US10320047B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2019-06-11 Vubiq Networks, Inc. Waveguide assembly comprising a molded waveguide interface having a support block for a launch transducer that is coupled to a communication device through a flange attached to the interface
US10401474B2 (en) * 2015-11-23 2019-09-03 Baumer Electric Ag Sensor array
US10530058B2 (en) * 2017-01-23 2020-01-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Wireless device
US10818997B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2020-10-27 Vubiq Networks, Inc. Waveguide interface and printed circuit board launch transducer assembly and methods of use thereof
US10847879B2 (en) * 2016-03-11 2020-11-24 Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. Antenna array structures for half-duplex and full-duplex multiple-input and multiple-output systems
EP3739686A4 (fr) * 2018-01-11 2021-01-13 Qui Inc. Dispositif de lentille rf pour améliorer la directivité d'un réseau d'antennes, et système d'antenne d'émission et de réception le comprenant
EP3845587A1 (fr) * 2019-12-31 2021-07-07 SHPP Global Technologies B.V. Matériaux absorbant les micro-ondes et articles moulés pour des applications de capteur radar automobile
US11175379B2 (en) * 2018-02-28 2021-11-16 Baumer Electric Ag Housing arrangement for a radar sensor

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JP2003168920A (ja) * 2001-11-29 2003-06-13 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 位置合わせされたレンズを有するミリメートル波ワイヤレス通信システム・パッケージ
DE10260070B4 (de) * 2002-12-19 2006-07-13 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg System mit einem elektrischen Kabel
DE10346847B4 (de) * 2003-10-09 2014-04-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mikrowellenantenne
DE102007039570A1 (de) * 2006-09-04 2008-03-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Werkzeugmaschinenüberwachungsvorrichtung
JP4762944B2 (ja) * 2007-03-26 2011-08-31 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 テラヘルツアンテナモジュール
US7929474B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2011-04-19 Vubiq Incorporated System and method for wireless communication in a backplane fabric architecture
DE102011122346A1 (de) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Radareinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Halter für ein Radargerät und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Absorptionselements für ein Radargerät
JP6298715B2 (ja) * 2014-05-30 2018-03-20 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 アンテナ装置およびそれを用いた速度センサ
JP2021025954A (ja) * 2019-08-08 2021-02-22 日本電波工業株式会社 Ｆｍｃｗセンサモジュール
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Cited By (51)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6518932B1 (en) * 1999-02-15 2003-02-11 Communications Research Laboratory, Independent Administrative Institute Radio communication device
US6462700B1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2002-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Asymmetrical multi-beam radar sensor
US20030058181A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-03-27 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Converter for satellite broadcast reception that secures isolation between vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves
US6714166B2 (en) * 2001-09-21 2004-03-30 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Converter for satellite broadcast reception that secures isolation between vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves
US20050069277A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-03-31 Terumi Nakazawa Mobile millimetric wave radar
US6909405B2 (en) * 2002-01-24 2005-06-21 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Radar head module
US20030169199A1 (en) * 2002-01-24 2003-09-11 Nobuhiro Kondo Radar head module
US7259723B2 (en) * 2002-02-09 2007-08-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for emitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation
US20050128144A1 (en) * 2002-02-09 2005-06-16 Armin Himmelstoss Device for emitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation
US20040070539A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-04-15 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Antenna unit stable in antenna characteristics and achievable in lengthening of life
US6888503B2 (en) * 2002-08-27 2005-05-03 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Antenna unit stable in antenna characteristics and achievable in lengthening of life
US7014003B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2006-03-21 Motorola, Inc. Automotive drive assistance system and method
US20040200650A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-10-14 Polak Anthony J. Automotive drive assistance system and method
US6814171B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2004-11-09 Motorola, Inc. Automotive drive assistance system and method
US20050224246A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2005-10-13 Frank Gottwald Power circuit breaker
US6995314B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2006-02-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh HF module and method of assembling the same
US20090302239A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2009-12-10 Lenstar Co., Ltd. Device using dielectric lens
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DE19859002A1 (de) 2000-06-29
FR2789522A1 (fr) 2000-08-11
JP2000196346A (ja) 2000-07-14

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