US5669047A - Charging member, electrophotographic apparatus and charging method using the same - Google Patents

Charging member, electrophotographic apparatus and charging method using the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US5669047A
US5669047A US08/465,577 US46557795A US5669047A US 5669047 A US5669047 A US 5669047A US 46557795 A US46557795 A US 46557795A US 5669047 A US5669047 A US 5669047A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
surface layer
charging
charging member
photosensitive member
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/465,577
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Masami Okuda
Hisami Tanaka
Junichi Kishi
Hiroyuki Ohmori
Takashi Koyama
Masafumi Hisamura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to US08/465,577 priority Critical patent/US5669047A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5669047A publication Critical patent/US5669047A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0208—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus
    • G03G15/0216—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers
    • G03G15/0233—Structure, details of the charging member, e.g. chemical composition, surface properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/906—Roll or coil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/001—Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography, electrography, magnetography, etc. Process, composition, or product
    • Y10S430/102—Electrically charging radiation-conductive surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/258—Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or compound thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charging member for electrophotography, particularly to a charging member for charging an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
  • the present invention also relates to an electrophotographic apparatus and a charging method using such a charging member.
  • a high voltage DC voltage of about 5-8 KV
  • a corona discharge product such as ozone and NOx
  • image quality deterioration such as image blur (or image fading).
  • contamination on the metal wire affects the image quality undersired white droppings (or white dropout) or black streaks occur in the resultant copied image.
  • the proportion of the current directed to the photosensitive member is generally 5-30% of the consumed current, and most thereof flows to a shield plate disposed around the metal wire.
  • the conventional corona charging method has provided low electric power efficiency.
  • JP-A, KOKAI Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application
  • the photosensitive member surface is not evenly charged to cause charging unevenness in the form of spots. Accordingly, e.g., in a reversal development system, when the photosensitive member having the charging unevenness in the form of spots is subjected to an electrophotographic process including an image exposure step, et seq., the output image includes black spot-like images (black spots) corresponding to the above-mentioned spot-like charging unevenness.
  • a normal development system only provides an output image including a white spot-like image (white spots). As a result, it has been difficult to obtain a high-quality image.
  • an electrophotographic apparatus utilizing the direct (or contact) charging method has never been put on the market up to the present.
  • the reason for this is, e.g., that the conventional direct charging method cannot charge a photosensitive member uniformly but causes a dielectric breakdown of the photosensitive member due to the direct application of voltage.
  • the dielectric breakdown occurs to provides one breakdown point, e.g., in a cylindrical photosensitive member, charges provided on the whole contact portion along the axis direction thereof flow into the breakdown point to cause charging failure.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem and to provide a charging member for electrophotography which is capable of stably providing high-quality images without causing spot-like fog due to charging unevenness or image defect due to dielectric breakdown in a photosensitive member.
  • a charging member for electrophotography comprising a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a resin and an alkali metal salt contained therein.
  • the present invention also provides an electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member disposed in contact with the photosensitive member, wherein the charging member comprises a surface layer comprising a resin and an alkali metal salt contained therein.
  • the present invention further provides a contact charging method, comprising:
  • a charging member comprising a surface layer which comprises a resin and an alkali metal salt contained therein;
  • a pulsation voltage comprising a superposition of a DC voltage and an AC voltage to the charging member, thereby charging the photosensitive member.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the charging member according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an electrophotographic apparatus using the charging member according to the present invention.
  • the charging member for electrophotography has a multi-layer structure comprising a base layer, and a surface layer disposed thereon.
  • the surface layer of the charging member to be disposed in contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a resin and an alkali (or alkaline) metal salt contained therein.
  • thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alkyl ether, poly-N-vinylimidazole, alkyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, polyacrylic acid ester, casein, polyester, polyamide, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyamino acid ester, polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, polymethacrylic acid ester, polypeptide, polymaleic anhydride, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl formal, polyvinylpyridine, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl butyral, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and thermoplastic polyurethane; thermosetting resins such as thermosetting polyurethane, phenolic resin, and epoxy resin; etc.
  • thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alkyl ether, poly-N-vinylimidazole, alkyl cellulose,
  • thermoplastic resins of nitrocellulose, polyvinyl acetate, and polycarbonate, and thermosetting polyurethane are preferred in view of the durability of the charging member.
  • alkali metal salt may include: salts of lithium, sodium and potassium with ClO 4 , SCN, BF 4 , NO 3 , CO 3 , CS 3 , WO 4 , BO 2 , IO 4 , SO 4 , S 2 O 3 , PO 3 , MoO 4 , O 3 SCH 3 , O 3 SCF 3 , SiF 6 , halogen atoms, etc.
  • Such a salt may include: LiClO 4 , LiSCN ⁇ 2H 2 O, KSCN, LiBF 4 , NaNO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 ⁇ 7H 2 O, K 2 WO 4 , K 2 CS 3 , NaBO 2 , LiIO 4 , LiSO 4 , NaS 2 O 3 ⁇ 5H 2 O, KPO 3 , Na 2 MoO 4 , LiO 3 SCH 3 , LiO 3 SCF 3 , K 2 SiF 6 , LiCl, LiBr, NaBr, LiI, NaI ⁇ 2H 2 O, KI, etc.
  • the alkali metal salts may be used singly or as a combination of two or more species.
  • the above-mentioned alkali metal salt may preferably be added to a resin in an amount of 0.5 to 40 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of the resin. Such an addition amount may be determined by the volume resistivity (or volume resistance), which is one of the characteristics required for the surface layer of a charging member.
  • the alkali metal salts may appropriately be combined with the resin depending on the correlation therebetween. In general, it is preferred that the alkali metal salt is dissolved in a solvent together with a resin as desired.
  • the resultant coating liquid is used for forming the surface layer taking into account control of the addition amount and stability in the physical property of the resultant coating film with the elapse of time.
  • the alkali metal salt can also be added to the surface layer by doping after the formation of the film.
  • the surface layer may be used, in some cases, in a state where at least a portion of the alkali metal salt is deposited in the surface layer.
  • the surface layer may preferably have a volume resistivity which is higher than that of the base layer contacting the surface layer as described hereinafter. More specifically, the volume resistivity of the surface layer may preferably be 10 6 to 10 12 ohm.cm, more preferably 10 7 to 10 11 ohm.cm. The ratio of (volume resistivity of the surface layer)/(volume resistivity of the base layer) may preferably be 10 or larger, more preferably 10 2 or larger.
  • the surface layer may preferably have a film thickness of 5-500 microns, more preferably 20-200 microns.
  • the material constituting the base layer may include: metals such as aluminum, iron and copper; electroconductive polymer materials such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole and polythiophene; rubbers or resins supplied with electroconductivity, e.g., by dispersing therein electroconductive particles such as carbon and metal; and resins or rubbers such as polycarbonate and polyester having a surface laminated or coated with a metal or another conductive material.
  • the base layer may comprise a single layer or two or more layers.
  • the volume resistivity of the base layer may preferably be 10 0 -10 11 ohm.cm, particularly 10 2 -10 10 ohm.cm.
  • the film thickness of the surface layer may preferably be 10 microns to 20 mm, more preferably 20 microns to 10 mm.
  • the volume resistivity thereof is controlled and the voltage drop due to an excessive current is suppressed even when a defect such as dielectric breakdown occurs in an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
  • the electric resistance of a charging member is not substantially affected by a change in external environmental conditions, particularly, a change in humidity of the atmosphere.
  • the volume resistivity can be increased by a factor of three figures, e.g., under a low temperature--low humidity (15° C., 10%RH) condition.
  • the electrophotographic charging member according to the present invention comprises a surface layer comprising a resin and an alkali metal salt contained therein, it provides little variation in the volume resistivity and may stably provide a charging ability even under a low temperature--low humidity condition.
  • the form of shape of the charging member according to the present invention may be any of roller, brush, blade, belt, etc.
  • the form of the charging member can appropriately be selected corresponding to the specifications and form of an electrophotographic apparatus using it. Among these, a roller form is preferred in view of uniformity in charging.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the electrophotographic charging member 1 according to the present invention having a roller form.
  • the charging member 1 basically comprises an electroconductive substrate 2, and a base layer 3 and a surface layer 4 disposed in this order on the substrate 2.
  • the electroconductive substrate 2 constituting the central shaft of the charging member 1 in this embodiment may comprise an electroconductive resin or a metal such as iron, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, and aluminum alloy.
  • the substrate 2 may have a cylindrical shape, plate-like shape, etc.
  • Another layer such as adhesive layer may further be disposed between the electroconductive substrate 2 and the base layer 3, and/or between the base layer 3 and the surface layer 4, as desired.
  • the charging member 1 may be prepared, e.g., by successively forming a base layer 3 and a surface layer 4 on an electroconductive substrate 2 by molding or coating; or by forming a base layer 3 and a surface layer 4 and then introducing or inserting an electroconductive substrate 2 into the center of the resultant product.
  • the charging member 1 according to the present invention may be used in an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 so as to charge an electrophotographic photosensitive member 6.
  • the electrophotographic apparatus comprises: a cylindrical photosensitive member 6, and around the peripheral surface of the photosensitive member 6, a charging member 1 as a primary charger according to the present invention, an image exposure means (not shown) for providing a light beam 7 to form a latent image on the photosensitive member 6, a developing device 8 for developing the latent image with a toner or developer (not shown) to form a toner image, a transfer charger 9 for transferring the toner image from the photosensitive member 6 onto a transfer-receiving material (or transfer material) 10 such as paper, a cleaner 11 for removing a residual toner, and a pre-exposure means (not shown) for providing light 12.
  • a prescribed voltage is externally applied to the charging member 1 disposed in contact with the photosensitive member 6 by means of an external power supply 5 connected to the charging member 1, thereby to charge the photosensitive member 6.
  • image formation may be effected by means of such an electrophotographic apparatus using the charging member 1 in the following manner.
  • a prescribed voltage is externally applied to the charging member 1 disposed in contact with the photosensitive member 6 by means of an external power supply 5 connected to the charging member 1, thereby to charge the photosensitive member 6, and the photosensitive member 6 is imagewise exposed to light 7 corresponding to an original image by the image exposure means, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 6.
  • the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member 6 is developed or visualized by attaching the toner or developer contained in the developing device 8 to form a toner image on the photosensitive member 6.
  • the toner image is then transferred to the transfer-receiving material 10 such as paper by means of the transfer charger 9 to form a toner image thereon.
  • the residual toner which remains on the photosensitive member 6 without transferring to the transfer-receiving material 10 at the time of the transfer operation is recovered by means of the cleaner 11.
  • the copied image is formed by such an electrophotographic process.
  • the photosensitive member 6 may preferably be exposed to light 12 by the pre-exposure means to remove the residual charge, prior to the above-mentioned primary charging.
  • the light source for providing light 7 for image exposure may be a halogen lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a laser, an LED, etc.
  • the development system may be either a normal development system or a reversal development system.
  • a plurality of elements or components of an electrophotographic apparatus such as the above-mentioned photosensitive member, developing means and cleaning means may be unitedly assembled into a device unit, and the device unit may be detachably disposed in the apparatus body.
  • a photosensitive member and a cleaning means may be unitedly assembled in a device unit, and such a device unit is detachably disposed in the apparatus body by the medium of a guiding means such as rail of the apparatus body.
  • a charger and/or a developing means may further be assembled in the above-mentioned device unit.
  • the arrangement of the charging member 1 should not particularly be restricted. More specifically, such arrangement may include: one wherein the charging member 1 is fixed; or one wherein the charging member 1 is moved or rotated in the same direction as, or in the counter direction to, that of the movement of the photosensitive member 6.
  • the charging member according to the present invention may be used not only for the primary charging step but also for the transfer charging step or charge-removing (or discharge) step requiring a charging operation.
  • the voltage applied to the charging member 1 may preferably be one in the form of a pulsation (or pulsating current) voltage obtained by superposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage.
  • the voltage applied to the charging member 1 may also be a DC voltage or an AC voltage.
  • the application method for such a voltage may include: one wherein a desired voltage is instantaneously applied; one wherein the applied voltage is gradually or stepwise raised in order to protect a photosensitive member; or one wherein a DC voltage and an AC voltage are applied in a sequence of from DC voltage to AC voltage, or of from. AC voltage to DC voltage, when a superposition of a DC voltage and an AC voltage is applied to the charging member.
  • the member to be charged by means of the charging member according to the present invention may be an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
  • Such an electrophotographic photosensitive member may for example be constituted in the following manner.
  • the photosensitive member for electrophotography may comprise an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed thereon.
  • the electroconductive substrate may be a substrate which per se has an electroconductivity such as that of aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and nickel; alternatively, a substrate of a plastic coated with, e.g., a vapor-deposited layer of aluminum, aluminum alloy, or indium oxide-tin oxide alloy; substrate coated with a mixture of electroconductive powder such as tin oxide or carbon black and an appropriate binder; or a plastic substrate having an electroconductive binder layer.
  • the primer layer may be formed of, e.g., casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, copolymer nylon, etc.), polyurethane, gelatin, or aluminum oxide.
  • the thickness of the primer layer should preferably be 5 microns or below, particularly 0.5 to 3 microns.
  • the primer layer may preferably have a volume resistivity of 10 7 ohm.cm or above, in order to fully perform its function.
  • the photosensitive layer may for example be formed by applying an organic or inorganic photoconductive material together with a binder as desired, or by vacuum vapor deposition such as vacuum evaporation.
  • an organic-type photosensitive layer having a laminate structure comprising function-separated charge generation layer and charge transport layer.
  • the charge transport layer may for example be disposed on the charge generation layer.
  • the charge generation layer may comprise a charge-generating substance such as azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinone pigments and perylene pigments.
  • the charge generation layer may be formed by vapor-depositing such a charge-generating substance, or by applying a coating material comprising such a charge-generating substance together with an appropriate binder as desired, while the binder is omissible.
  • the charge generation layer may generally have a thickness of 0.01-15 microns, preferably 0.05-2 microns.
  • the charge transport layer may comprise a resin having a film-formability and a charge-transporting substance dissolved or dispersed therein.
  • the charge-transporting substance used in the present invention may include hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, oxazole compounds, and triarylamtne compounds.
  • the charge transport layer may generally have a thickness of 5-50 microns, preferably 10-30 microns.
  • a protective layer may further be provided on the photosensitive layer, as desired, so as to prevent the deterioration due to ultraviolet rays.
  • the charging member for electrophotography according to the present invention may be used not only for ordinary copying machines but also in the fields related to electrophotography such as laser printers, CRT printers and electrophotographic plate-making system.
  • a charging member was prepared in the following manner.
  • the volume resistivity of the base layer was 3 ⁇ 10 4 ohm. cm when measured at a temperature of 22° C. and a humidity of 60%.
  • each of LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , NaBF 4 , LiSCN, and KSCN was added to 200 wt. parts of the coating solution, respectively, to thereby prepare fine species of coating liquid for the surface layer.
  • Each of the thus obtained five species of coating liquids was applied onto the above-mentioned base layer by dip coating and dried at 140° C. for 30 min. to form a surface layer of the charging member having a thickness of 200 microns (after drying), whereby five species of charging members were prepared (Examples 1-5). Further, five species of surface layers were respectively formed on an aluminum sheet in the same manner as described above, and their volume resistivities were measured.
  • an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the following manner.
  • an electroconductive substrate of an aluminum cylinder having a wall thickness of 0.5 mm, a diameter of 60 mm and a length of 260 mm.
  • a coating liquid obtained by dissolving 4 wt. parts of a copolymer nylon (trade name: Amilan CM-8000, manufactured by Toray K.K.) and 4 wt. parts of a nylon-8 (trade name: Luckamide 5003, manufactured by Dainihon Ink K.K.) in 50 wt. parts of methanol and 50 wt. parts of n-butanol was applied onto the electroconductive substrate by dip coating to form a 0.6 micron-thick polyamide undercoat layer.
  • the resultant coating liquid was applied onto the above-mentioned charge generation layer to form a 16 micron-thick charge transport layer, whereby a photosensitive member (No. 1) was prepared.
  • the thus prepared photosensitive member No. 1 was assembled in an electrophotographic copying machine using a normal development system and having a system arrangement as shown in FIG. 2 (trade name: PC-20, manufactured by Canon K.K.) which had been so modified that each of the above-mentioned primary charging rollers was assembled therein instead of the primary corona charger as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Example 1 A roller-type member obtained in Example 1 which comprised the stainless steel shaft and the base layer disposed thereon was as such assembled in a copying machine instead of the primary corona charger, and evaluations were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a base layer for charging member was formed on a stainless steel shaft in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a coating liquid obtained by dissolving 10 wt. parts of nylon-6 in 90 wt. parts of dimethylformamide was applied onto the base layer by dip coating to form thereon a surface layer having a thickness of 200 microns (after drying), whereby a charging member was prepared.
  • a base layer for charging member was formed on a stainless steel shaft in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a coating liquid obtained by dissolving 100 wt. parts of a hexamethylene diisocyanate and 50 wt. parts of a polyester polyol in a mixture solvent comprising 15 wt. parts of methyl cellosolve and 35 wt. parts of methyl ethyl ketone was applied onto the base layer by dip coating to form thereon a surface layer having a thickness of 200 microns (after drying), whereby a charging member was prepared.
  • each of the charging members of Examples 1-5 provided a good charging ability and did not provide a lateral streak or white dropout due to a pin-hole. Further, even under a low temperature--low humidity condition, these charging members provided little variation in resistivity and provided good images.
  • a charging member was prepared in the following manner.
  • a polycarbonate resin (trade name: Panlite L-1250, manufactured by Teijin Kasei K.K.) was dissolved in a mixture solvent comprising 35 wt. parts of dioxane and 25 wt. parts of dichloromethane, to thereby prepare a coating solution.
  • Each of the thus obtained five species of coating liquids was applied onto the above-mentioned base layer by dip coating and dried at 100° C. for 30 min.
  • an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the following manner.
  • a charge transport layer was formed on the charge generation layer in the same manner as in Example 1, whereby a photosensitive member (No. 2) was prepared.
  • the thus prepared photosensitive member No. 2 was assembled in a laser printer using a reversal development system and having a system arrangement as shown in FIG. 2 (trade name: LBP-8, manufactured by Canon K.K.) which had been so modified that each of the above-mentioned primary charging rollers was assembled therein instead of the primary corona charger as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Example 6 A roller-type member obtained in Example 6 which comprised the stainless steel shaft and the base layer disposed thereon was as such assembled in a laser printer instead of the primary corona charger and evaluations were conducted in the same manner as in Example 6.
  • a base layer for charging member was formed on a stainless steel shaft in the same manner as in Example 6.
  • a coating liquid obtained by dissolving 10 wt. parts of nylon-6 in 90 wt. parts of dimethylformamide was applied onto the base layer by dip coating to form thereon a surface layer having a thickness of 80 microns (after drying), whereby a charging member was prepared.
  • a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the alkali metal salt of NaSCN was not added to the coating liquid for surface layer.
  • the charging member according to the present invention having a surface layer which comprises a resin containing an alkali metal salt is excellent in charging ability, and is capable of suitably retaining image density and of suppressing an image defect. Further, the charging member according to the present invention may prevent a leak due to a pin-hole thereby to prevent lateral streak or white dropout. Moreover, such a charging member provides excellent charging ability and suitable image density, and prevents an image defect, even under a low temperature--low humidity condition.
  • the charging member according to the present invention provides a stable potential characteristic and little image defect, and reduces a leak due to a pin-hole. Further, the charging member according to the present invention provides stable potential and image formation characteristics even under a low temperature--low humidity condition.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
US08/465,577 1989-03-03 1995-06-05 Charging member, electrophotographic apparatus and charging method using the same Expired - Lifetime US5669047A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/465,577 US5669047A (en) 1989-03-03 1995-06-05 Charging member, electrophotographic apparatus and charging method using the same

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1-051623 1989-03-03
JP1051623A JP2860404B2 (ja) 1989-03-03 1989-03-03 帯電部材および該帯電部材を有する電子写真装置
US48737790A 1990-03-02 1990-03-02
US16144393A 1993-12-06 1993-12-06
US08/465,577 US5669047A (en) 1989-03-03 1995-06-05 Charging member, electrophotographic apparatus and charging method using the same

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16144393A Continuation 1989-03-03 1993-12-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5669047A true US5669047A (en) 1997-09-16

Family

ID=12891997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/465,577 Expired - Lifetime US5669047A (en) 1989-03-03 1995-06-05 Charging member, electrophotographic apparatus and charging method using the same

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5669047A (fr)
EP (1) EP0385462B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2860404B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE69009527T2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6352771B1 (en) 1999-02-24 2002-03-05 Mearthane Products Corporation Conductive urethane roller
US6381432B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2002-04-30 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Charging device having a toner remover
US20070037680A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 Bridgestone Corporation Conductive roller and image forming apparatus comprising the same
US9952532B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2018-04-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developing apparatus, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69220313T2 (de) * 1991-09-27 1998-01-08 Bridgestone Corp Kontaktaufladegerät und Verfahren
US5786091A (en) * 1991-12-02 1998-07-28 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Charge roller for an image forming apparatus
DE4244917C2 (de) * 1991-12-02 2000-05-18 Ricoh Kk Ladevorrichtung zum Laden eines photoleitfähigen Elements und Verfahren zum Herstellen der Ladevorrichtung
JP2574107B2 (ja) * 1991-12-02 1997-01-22 株式会社リコー 帯電ローラ及びその製造方法，及び帯電ローラを用いた画像形成装置及びその帯電装置
JP3091003B2 (ja) * 1991-12-25 2000-09-25 ミノルタ株式会社 接触帯電装置
JP3400054B2 (ja) * 1993-05-31 2003-04-28 株式会社リコー 画像形成装置
DE69435008T2 (de) * 1993-05-31 2008-04-30 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Rolle, Aufladegerät und Bilderzeugungsgerät unter Verwendung derselben
JP2833458B2 (ja) * 1993-06-04 1998-12-09 株式会社ブリヂストン 導電部材の運転方法及び帯電装置
DE69525213T2 (de) * 1994-10-18 2002-07-11 Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Aufladungselement, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aufladungselements, und Arbeitseinheit mit diesem Aufladungselement
JPH0980866A (ja) * 1995-09-08 1997-03-28 Ricoh Co Ltd 帯電部材およびそれを用いた帯電装置
US7342068B2 (en) * 2003-11-18 2008-03-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Aqueous polyurethane dispersion and method for making and using same
US7173805B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2007-02-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Polymer material
JP5435201B2 (ja) 2008-12-12 2014-03-05 株式会社リコー 半導電性部材及びそれを有する現像ロール、帯電ロール、転写ベルト
US9617453B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2017-04-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and methods of making and using the same
JP6784079B2 (ja) * 2016-07-07 2020-11-11 富士ゼロックス株式会社 帯電部材、帯電装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置

Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2980834A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-04-18 Bruning Charles Co Inc Charging of photo-conductive insulating material
US3670203A (en) * 1970-04-20 1972-06-13 Eastman Kodak Co Method of and apparatus for imparting an electrical charge to a web of film or paper or the like
US3671806A (en) * 1970-11-20 1972-06-20 Eastman Kodak Co Method of and apparatus for applying an electrical charge to a moving sheet of flexible material
US3935517A (en) * 1975-01-02 1976-01-27 Xerox Corporation Constant current charging device
JPS5113661A (ja) * 1974-07-18 1976-02-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Denkiengeihasami
US4062812A (en) * 1976-07-01 1977-12-13 Xerox Corporation Method for extending the functional life of polymers used in xerographic devices
US4272616A (en) * 1978-06-07 1981-06-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic radiation-sensitive materials having improved antistatic property
JPS56104351A (en) * 1980-01-25 1981-08-20 Toshiba Corp Charging device of electrophotographic copier
US4309737A (en) * 1980-08-27 1982-01-05 Pitney Bowes Inc. Charge roller system for an electrophotographic copier
US4340659A (en) * 1977-08-24 1982-07-20 Allied Paper Incorporated Electrostatic masters
US4349606A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-09-14 Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited Conductive device using conductive polymer compositions
JPS57178267A (en) * 1981-04-27 1982-11-02 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrostatic charger for electrophotographic copier
JPS5840566A (ja) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-09 Kinoshita Kenkyusho:Kk 電子写真の接触帯電方法
JPS58139156A (ja) * 1982-02-13 1983-08-18 Canon Inc 帯電方法
JPS58150975A (ja) * 1982-03-03 1983-09-07 Canon Inc 摺擦帯電装置
US4542095A (en) * 1984-07-25 1985-09-17 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic compositions comprising polymerized alkylene oxide and alkali metal salts and elements thereof
US4582781A (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-04-15 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic compositions comprising polymerized oxyalkylene monomers and an inorganic tetrafluoroborate, perfluoroalkyl carboxylate, hexafluorophosphate or perfluoroalkylsulfonate salt
US4617245A (en) * 1984-02-09 1986-10-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light receiving member having tapered reflective surfaces between substrate and light receiving layer
EP0272072A2 (fr) * 1986-12-15 1988-06-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de charge
US5089851A (en) * 1988-02-19 1992-02-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Charging member
US5110669A (en) * 1989-09-28 1992-05-05 The Dow Chemical Company Conductive polymer laminates

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2743271B2 (ja) * 1987-02-02 1998-04-22 株式会社リコー 弾性ウレタンゴムロール
JPH02198470A (ja) * 1989-01-28 1990-08-06 Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd 半導電性ロール

Patent Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2980834A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-04-18 Bruning Charles Co Inc Charging of photo-conductive insulating material
US3670203A (en) * 1970-04-20 1972-06-13 Eastman Kodak Co Method of and apparatus for imparting an electrical charge to a web of film or paper or the like
US3671806A (en) * 1970-11-20 1972-06-20 Eastman Kodak Co Method of and apparatus for applying an electrical charge to a moving sheet of flexible material
JPS5113661A (ja) * 1974-07-18 1976-02-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Denkiengeihasami
US3935517A (en) * 1975-01-02 1976-01-27 Xerox Corporation Constant current charging device
US4062812A (en) * 1976-07-01 1977-12-13 Xerox Corporation Method for extending the functional life of polymers used in xerographic devices
US4340659A (en) * 1977-08-24 1982-07-20 Allied Paper Incorporated Electrostatic masters
US4272616A (en) * 1978-06-07 1981-06-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic radiation-sensitive materials having improved antistatic property
US4349606A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-09-14 Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited Conductive device using conductive polymer compositions
JPS56104351A (en) * 1980-01-25 1981-08-20 Toshiba Corp Charging device of electrophotographic copier
US4309737A (en) * 1980-08-27 1982-01-05 Pitney Bowes Inc. Charge roller system for an electrophotographic copier
JPS57178267A (en) * 1981-04-27 1982-11-02 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrostatic charger for electrophotographic copier
JPS5840566A (ja) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-09 Kinoshita Kenkyusho:Kk 電子写真の接触帯電方法
JPS58139156A (ja) * 1982-02-13 1983-08-18 Canon Inc 帯電方法
JPS58150975A (ja) * 1982-03-03 1983-09-07 Canon Inc 摺擦帯電装置
US4617245A (en) * 1984-02-09 1986-10-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light receiving member having tapered reflective surfaces between substrate and light receiving layer
US4542095A (en) * 1984-07-25 1985-09-17 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic compositions comprising polymerized alkylene oxide and alkali metal salts and elements thereof
US4582781A (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-04-15 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic compositions comprising polymerized oxyalkylene monomers and an inorganic tetrafluoroborate, perfluoroalkyl carboxylate, hexafluorophosphate or perfluoroalkylsulfonate salt
EP0272072A2 (fr) * 1986-12-15 1988-06-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de charge
US5089851A (en) * 1988-02-19 1992-02-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Charging member
US5110669A (en) * 1989-09-28 1992-05-05 The Dow Chemical Company Conductive polymer laminates

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 12, No. 456 (P 793) 3033 , Nov. 30, 1988 JPA 63 178249. *
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 12, No. 456 (P-793) [3033], Nov. 30, 1988-JPA 63-178249.

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6381432B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2002-04-30 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Charging device having a toner remover
US6352771B1 (en) 1999-02-24 2002-03-05 Mearthane Products Corporation Conductive urethane roller
US20020111259A1 (en) * 1999-02-24 2002-08-15 Mearthane Products Corporation, Rhode Island Corporation Conductive urethane roller
US6780364B2 (en) 1999-02-24 2004-08-24 Mearthane Products Corporation Process of making a roller
US20070037680A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 Bridgestone Corporation Conductive roller and image forming apparatus comprising the same
US9952532B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2018-04-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developing apparatus, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2860404B2 (ja) 1999-02-24
DE69009527T2 (de) 1994-10-13
JPH02230267A (ja) 1990-09-12
EP0385462A2 (fr) 1990-09-05
EP0385462B1 (fr) 1994-06-08
DE69009527D1 (de) 1994-07-14
EP0385462A3 (fr) 1992-05-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5669047A (en) Charging member, electrophotographic apparatus and charging method using the same
US5089851A (en) Charging member
US5008706A (en) Electrophotographic apparatus
US5017965A (en) Charging member and electrophotographic apparatus using the same
US5935749A (en) Photoconductor for internal irradiation electrophotography
JP3056273B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2894508B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2765661B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP3031967B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2765662B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2765660B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2807334B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2966910B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2966896B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2894510B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2700011B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2894509B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JPH02220076A (ja) 電子写真用帯電部材及びこの帯電部材を用いた電子写真装置
JP2866446B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2946114B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2894507B2 (ja) 帯電用部材及びその製造方法
JP2899922B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2024013572A (ja) 画像形成装置およびそれを用いる画像形成方法、帯電装置
JP2846921B2 (ja) 帯電用部材
JP2966900B2 (ja) 帯電用部材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12